1831 in science explained
The year 1831 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
Biology
Chemistry
- A. A. Bussy publishes his Mémoire sur le Radical métallique de la Magnésie describing his method of isolating magnesium.
- The Kaliapparat, a laboratory device for the analysis of carbon in organic compounds, is invented by Justus von Liebig.
Exploration
Medicine
- May 16 – Middlesex County Asylum for pauper lunatics opens at Hanwell near London under the humane superintendence of William Charles Ellis.
- Dr C. Turner Thackrah publishes The Effects of the Principal Arts, Trades, and Professions, and of Civic States and Habits of Living, on Health and Longevity, with a particular reference to the trades and manufactures of Leeds, and suggestions for the removal of many of the agents which produce disease and shorten the duration of life, a pioneering study of occupational and public health in a newly industrialised English city.[4]
Paleontology
- Henry Witham publishes Observations on fossil vegetables, accompanied by representations of their internal structure, as seen through the microscope in Edinburgh.
Technology
Institutions
Awards
Births
- January 20 – Edward Routh (died 1907), Canadian-born English mathematician.
- January 26 – Heinrich Anton de Bary (died 1888), German surgeon, botanist, microbiologist and mycologist.
- February 28 – Edward James Stone (died 1897), English astronomer.
- March 3 – George Pullman (died 1897), American inventor.
- May 16 – David E. Hughes (died 1900), British inventor.
- June 13 – James Clerk Maxwell (died 1879), Scottish-born mathematician.
- August 20 – Eduard Suess (died 1914), Austrian geologist.
- October 6 – Richard Dedekind (died 1916), German mathematician.
- October 15 – Isabella Bird (died 1904), English explorer, writer, photographer and naturalist.
- October 21 – Hermann Hellriegel (died 1895), German agricultural chemist, discoverer of the mechanism by which leguminous plants assimilate the free nitrogen of the atmosphere.
- October 29 – Othniel Charles Marsh (died 1899), American paleontologist.
Deaths
Notes and References
- SAO/NASA ADS Astronomy Abstract Service. 1831MNRAS...2....6H. 2011-02-06. Herapath . John . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 1831 . 2 . 6 .
- Web site: A brief history of the RAS. Royal Astronomical Society. 2011-02-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20110130164034/http://www.ras.org.uk/about-the-ras/a-brief-history. 30 January 2011 . live.
- Web site: History Of Dublin Zoo. Family Fun. 2011-12-20.
- Book: Hunt, Tristram. Tristram Hunt
. Tristram Hunt. Building Jerusalem: the rise and fall of the Victorian city. London. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2004. 0-297-60767-7.
- Book: Bishop, R.E.D.. Vibration. 2nd. Cambridge University Press. 1979. 0-521-22779-8.
- Web site: Icons, a portrait of England 1820-1840 . 2007-09-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070922055840/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1820-1840 . 22 September 2007 . dead .
- Book: Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 0-14-102715-0. 2006.
- Book: Scientific writings of Joseph Henry. 30 . 2. 434. 1886. Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D.C..
- Web site: Mike. Clarke. A Brief History of Movable Bridges. 2009-01-05. 2012-02-09.
- Book: Waterston. Charles D.. Shearer. A. Macmillan. Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783-2002: Biographical Index. 2012-01-23. 2. 964 . Royal Society of Edinburgh. 978-0-902198-84-5 . July 2006.
- Book: Palmer, Alan. Palmer . Veronica. 1992. The Chronology of British History. Century Ltd. London. 257–258. 0-7126-5616-2.
- Web site: Copley Medal British scientific award . Encyclopedia Britannica . 22 July 2020 . en.
- Web site: Date of death on the decennial table, page 191 . archives.somme.fr . 5 March 2021 . fr.