1838 in science explained
The year 1838 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
Biology
Chemistry
Exploration
Mathematics
Medicine
- Jean Esquirol publishes Des maladies mentales considerées sous le rapport médicale, hygiènique et médico-legal in Paris. This includes the first description of what will later become known as Down syndrome.[5]
- John Gorrie experiments with cooling the hospital wards of malarial patients in Apalachicola, Florida.[6]
Technology
- January 6 – Samuel Morse first publicly demonstrates the electrical telegraph.
- April 4–22 – The paddle steamer SS Sirius (1837) makes the Transatlantic Crossing to New York from Cork, Ireland, in eighteen days, though not using steam continuously.[7]
- April 8–23 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel's paddle steamer (1838) makes the Transatlantic Crossing to New York from Avonmouth, England, in fifteen days, inaugurating a regular steamship service.[8]
- Liverpool-built barque Ironsides becomes the first large ocean-going iron ship.[9]
- William Barnett obtains a United Kingdom patent for an internal combustion engine, the first with compression of the gas/air mixture in the cylinder.[10] [11]
- David Bruce, Jr., invents the Pivotal Typecaster, which replaces hand typecasting in printing.
- The first screw-pile lighthouse is built by Alexander Mitchell on Maplin Sands in the Thames Estuary.
- Charles Wheatstone originates the stereoscope.
Events
Awards
Births
- January 5 – Camille Jordan (died 1922), French mathematician.
- January 29 – Edward W. Morley (died 1923), American chemist.
- February 18 – Ernst Mach (died 1916), Austrian physicist.
- March 3 – George William Hill (died 1914), American astronomer.
- March 12 – William H. Perkin (died 1907), English chemist.
- March 15 - Alice Cunningham Fletcher (died 1923), Cuban-born American ethnologist, anthropologist and social scientist.
- April 8 – Ferdinand von Zeppelin (died 1917), German founder of the Zeppelin airship company.
- April 16 – Ernest Solvay (died 1922), Belgian chemist.
- April 18 – Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (died 1912), French chemist.
- April 21 – John Muir (died 1914), Scottish-born American naturalist.
- May 6 – Alexandra Smirnoff (died 1913), Finnish pomologist.
- June 4 – John Grigg (died 1920), New Zealand astronomer.
- July 19 – Joel Asaph Allen (died 1921), American zoologist.
- August 6 – George James Symons (died 1900), English meteorologist.
- December 12 – Sherburne Wesley Burnham (died 1921), American astronomer.
Deaths
Notes and References
- G. J.. Mulder. Natuur- en Scheikundig Archief. 6. Over Proteine en hare Verbindingen en Ontledingsproducten. 1838. 87–162.
- The Origin of the Word Protein. Hubert Bradford. Vickery. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 387–93. 22. 1950. 2598953. 15413335. 5.
- Heinrich . Herbert . The Discovery of Galvanoplasty and Electrotyping . . 565–575 . 2012-06-21 . December 1938 . 10.1021/ed015p565 . 15 . 12 . 1938JChEd..15..565H .
- Book: Crilly, Tony. 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London. Quercus. 2007. 978-1-84724-008-8. 69.
- Web site: Down's syndrome. Whonamedit?. 2011-04-13.
- Book: Burke, James. James Burke (science historian)
. James Burke (science historian). Connections. London. Macmillan. 1978. 978-0-333-24827-0. 239.
- Web site: Steamship Curaçao. 2011-02-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20101224202256/http://vrcurassow.com/2dvrc/sscuracao/sscuracao.html. 24 December 2010 . live.
- Web site: Icons, a portrait of England 1820-1840 . 2007-09-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070922055840/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/icons-timeline/1820-1840 . 22 September 2007 . dead .
- Book: Grantham, John. On Iron Ship Building. London. Lockwood. 2nd. 1859. 13–14.
- Patent No. 7615, Obtaining motive power from inflammable gases by compression and explosion.
- Book: Clerk, Dugald. Dugald Clerk
. Dugald Clerk. Gas and Oil Engines. London. Longman Green & Co. 1897.
- Web site: Copley Medal British scientific award . Encyclopedia Britannica . 22 July 2020 . en.