| Election Name: | 1908 Utah gubernatorial election |
| Country: | Utah |
| Flag Year: | 1903 |
| Type: | Presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1904 Utah gubernatorial election |
| Previous Year: | 1904 |
| Next Election: | 1912 Utah gubernatorial election |
| Next Year: | 1912 |
| Election Date: | November 3, 1908 |
| Image1: | William Spry (cropped).jpg |
| Nominee1: | William Spry |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 52,913 |
| Percentage1: | 47.45% |
| Nominee2: | Jesse William Knight |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 43,266 |
| Percentage2: | 38.80% |
| Image3: | File:JohnAStreet.png |
| Nominee3: | John A. Street |
| Party3: | American Party (Utah) |
| Popular Vote3: | 11,404 |
| Percentage3: | 10.23% |
| Map Size: | 230px |
| Governor | |
| Before Election: | John Christopher Cutler |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| After Election: | William Spry |
| After Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
The 1908 Utah gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1908. Republican nominee William Spry defeated Democratic nominee Jesse William Knight with 47.45% of the vote.
Incumbent governor John C. Cutler, while briefly intended to do so, declined to seek a second term. He dropped out after realizing he had lost support of Senator Reed Smoot and the "Federal Bunch," a group of powerful, federal-level Republicans in Utah. Cutler was apart of the group before, and they gave him backing for the nomination against incumbent governor Heber Wells in 1904. He believed if he ran, he would split the party, and instead endorsed William Spry, chairman of the Republican State Committee in 1904, a former member of the Utah House of Representatives, and a US marshal.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Democrats attempted to court mining magnate Jesse Knight for the nomination. At first, it was seen that Knight would accept the nomination, and David Evans, one of Knight's closest business associates, was so confident he'd win the general election, he offered to place a large bet in his favor. However, when Evans asked Knight about the nomination on a train in Logan, he declined. Evans reportedly used every argument to change his mind, but to no avail. Evans left the train at Brigham City in disgust, and tore off his "Knight badge" in anger. Evans stated that Knight told him that "...he had had Judge Whitecotton of Provo look up the duties of the governors office and that he found them to be exceedingly onerous. He said that he was 63 years old that he felt that he had neither the time nor the strength to give to the position." Knight himself would also state that he regretted the disappointment he caused, but would say that his business ventures wouldn't give him time to fulfill the duties of the office. [5] [6] On October 3rd, the Democratic State Committee met at the office of James Moyle to pick a new candidate, in which they choose a new name: Jesse William Knight, son of Jesse Knight.[7]
On October 10th, the committee hosted a rally/convention at a theater in Provo, formally putting forth J. William Knight's name for the Democratic nominee for governor. The Salt Lake Herold-Republican reported that the theater "...was packed to the doors with a crowd that also surrounded the theatre and filled the street. Those in this crowd [who] were too far away to hear but not too far away to cheer which they did long and enthusiastically taking their cues from the more fortunate auditors who were close enough to hear the speakers. The affair took on more of the as aspect of an inauguration than a notification." After the "notification" was made, a crowd of a 1,000 people marched from the theater to the home of William Knight, with two bands at the front and back, and each person carrying a torch light. After arriving, the "crowd cheered long and wildly" until William Knight came down to his porch, in which immediately "cannons were fired and Roman candles shot off, horns were tooted and the entire throng joined in cheering the combined noises making an uproar that was deafening." To add to the spectacle, a bonfire was also made outside Knight's residence from attendees carrying lumber and boxes. Knight then grab an American flag from hanging from his residence, which he then waved, increasing the cheering so much that "...it might almost have been heard in Salt Lake by Mr. Spry."[8] [9] [10]
The crowd, along with Knight, then marched back to the theater, in which Knight rejected a car ride by judge Powers, a previous democratic nominee for congress, and instead opted to walk along with the crowd and shake hands. Arriving back at the theater, the nomination was offered to J. William Knight, in which he accepted, and gave a speech emphasizing the national democratic platform, supporting presidential nominee William Jennings Bryan, supporting public schools and industrial growth, and declaring that he will "not be partisan In executing the law of the state." After his speech, his father, Jesse Knight, then came onto the stage. Before the Democratic chairman was even halfway into introducing him, the audience was already shouting "Uncle Jesse" until the audience "exhausted its breath." Jesse Knight, in bouts of cheers from the audience, bore "testimony" that "Jesse William Knight will make you a much better governor than I would have made."[11]
The American Party, an anti-Mormonism party formed in September 1904 from angry supporters of Thomas Kerns after he was ousted as a senator due to Reed Smoot,[12] nominated judge John A. Street. Their main issues centered on removing church influence from state politics, with their 1908 platform stating "In short, we condemn the church commercialism which crushes out individual effort and deprives men of their rights to a free field trade." Their platform mainly criticized Republicans, and pointed to their inaction on allegations of people practicing polygamy.[13]
Labor, anti-trust sentiment, tariffs, personality, and LDS influence in politics were all major issues of the campaign. William Knight and state Democrats campaigned on polices in favor of the "working men," as well as anti-trust legalization. Knight positioned himself as an outsider to politics, compared to Spry who had been apart of Republican party politics for more than a decade, and campaigned on William Jennings Bryan's national platform, as well as his business experience. On the American Party and LDS issue, Democrats accused Republicans of fearmongering Mormon-Democrats to vote Republican in fears of an American Party victory, and called for an end to pre-justice and to promote peace in Utah politics. Republicans were also accused of running as a corrupt political machine. Democrats, like previous elections, were underfunded.[14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21]
Spry was presented as a calm, level headed business man, and campaigned on agriculture, with promises of full investment into the State Agricultural College if he became governor. Spry also campaigned across the state, traveling to the southern portions of Utah, and campaigned on William Taft's polices. Republicans, like in 1904, gained favor from Mormon voters due to anti-Mormon sentiment from the American Party, and benefited from would-be democratic voters voting for the American Party.[22] [23] [24] [25]
A false article was printed stating that John A. Street would be dropping out of the race and endorsing William Knight, but this was debunked and Street remained on the American ticket.[26]
William Spry would go on to win the election with 47.45% of the vote against J. William Knight's 38.80% of the vote. John A. Street would take 10.23% of the vote, up nearly 2.5 points from American Party nominee William Ferry Jr's total in 1904 at 7.82%. Spry's total would be 2.5 points less than John C. Cutlers victory amount at nearly 50% of the vote in 1904. Knight improved on James Moyle's 1904 performance at 37.40% by nearly 1.5 points. Notably, Knight did very well in Juab County, the location of the Titinic Smelter, and Knightsville, a now ghost-town named after and run by Jesse Knight, his father. Knight took 52.3% of Juab's vote compared Spry's 39.5%.[27]
Major party candidates
Other candidates
Spry gave a statement after his win, stating "I am very well satisfied with the result. It Is an evidence that the people are satisfied to continue the era of prosperity which they enjoyed under Republican administrations." The Utah legislature would also keep its Republican majority, ensuring the re-election of Reed Smoot.[28] [29]
Spry's first term would involve funding the construction of the Utah capital building, which the legislature at first denied, but it would move forward in 1911 when the state received $798,546 in inheritance taxes from the estate of the late multimillionaire Edward H. Harriman.[30] During his administration, legislation would be enacted prohibiting child labor and the sale or distribution of tobacco products to minors, the construction of an armory for the National Guard, and the creation of a state road commission. He also led a successful fight to defeat ratification by Utah of the federal income tax amendment. Calling Utah's tax system "ludicrous," Spry campaigned for reform, but voters rejected constitutional amendments drafted by the legislature in 1912. Prohibition would also complicate his first term, when in 1909 Republican legislators blocked one dry bill and Spry vetoed another. Spry would sign a local option bill in 1911 and vetoed another statewide prohibition bill in 1915, but the move undoubtedly cost him the nomination in 1916 for a future third term. [31] [32]