1954 in science explained
The year 1954 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
- November 30 – In Sylacauga, Alabama, an 8.5 pound sulfide meteorite crashes through a roof and hits Mrs. Elizabeth Hodges in her living room after bouncing off her radio, giving her a bad bruise; the first known modern case of a human being hit by a space rock.
Biology
Chemistry
Computer science
Geology
History of science
Mathematics
Medicine
Metrology
Physics
Psychology
Technology
Awards
Births
- January 16 – Morten P. Meldal, Danish Nobel Chemistry laureate, 2022.[28]
- February 9 – Kevin Warwick, English scientist, author of March of the Machines.
- March – Clare Marx, English surgeon.
- May 14 – Peter J. Ratcliffe, English cellular biologist, Nobel Medicine laureate, 2019.
- June 20 – Ilan Ramon (died 2003), Israeli astronaut.
- July 11 – Julia King, English materials engineer.
- July 17 – Angela Kasner, German physical chemist and Chancellor.
- August 28 – George M. Church, American geneticist, molecular engineer and chemist.
- September 5 – Myeong-Hee Yu, South Korean microbiologist.
- November 1 – Graham Colditz, Australian-born epidemiologist.
- November 7 – Vijay Kumar, Indian molecular biologist.
- Pat Hanrahan, American computer scientist.
- George McGavin, Scottish entomologist.
- Huda Zoghbi, Lebanese-born geneticist.
Deaths
Notes and References
- Book: Dement'yev and Rustamov. The Red Data Book of Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan Publishing House. 1985. Ashgabat.
- Arnon, Daniel I. . Allen, Mary B. . Whatley, F. R. . Photosynthesis by Isolated Chloroplasts. Nature. 174. 1954. 394–6. 4426. 10.1038/174394a0. 13194001 . 1954Natur.174..394A . 2462316 .
- News: Laurence. William L.. Sun is Harnessed to Create Food: Science Team on the Coast Duplicates Photosynthesis Outside Plants' Cells. The New York Times. December 30, 1954. July 18, 2010.
- Book: de Waal, Frans B. M.. Tree of Origin: What Primate Behavior Can Tell Us About Human Social Evolution. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press. 2002. 0-674-00460-4. 51. Frans de Waal. registration.
- Brink, Clara . Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot . Lindsey, June. June Lindsey . Pickworth, Jenny . Robertson, John H. . White, John G. . December 25, 1954. X-ray Crystallographic Evidence on the Structure of Vitamin B12. Nature. 174. 1169–117. 10.1038/1741169a0. 4443. 1954Natur.174.1169B. 13223773. 4207158 .
- Jenny P.. Glusker. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910–1994). Protein Science. 1994. 3. 12. 2465–2469. 10.1002/pro.5560031233. 7757003. 2142778.
- Nicolaou, K. C.; Sorensen, E. J. (1996). Classics in Total Synthesis: Targets, Strategies, Methods. Wiley. .
- Nicolaou, K. C.; Vourloumis, Dionisios; Winssinger, Nicolas; Baran, Phil S.. The Art and Science of Total Synthesis at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2000. 39. 1. 44-122.
- Bonjoch. Josep. Sole. Daniel. 2000. Synthesis of Strychnine. Chemical Reviews. 100. 9. 3455–3482. 10.1021/cr9902547. 11777429.
- Proudfoot. John R.. 2013. Reaction Schemes Visualized in Network Form: The Syntheses of Strychnine as an Example. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. 53. 5. 1035–1042. 10.1021/ci300556b. 23597302.
- Irvine. M. M.. Early Digital Computers at Bell Telephone Laboratories. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 23. 3. 22–42. 2001. 2009-06-07. 10.1109/85.948904.
- Web site: Benstonite. Mindat. 2012-12-31.
- https://patents.google.com/patent/US2950048A/ No. 2,950,048.
- Roth. K. F.. 10.1112/S0025579300000541. Mathematika. 0066435. 73–79. On irregularities of distribution. 1. 2. 1954.
- Richard. Doll. Mortality from lung cancer in asbestos workers. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 12. 1955. 6. 81–6. 10.1136/oem.50.6.485. 8329311. 1035472.
- Web site: Donor Of First Successful Organ Transplant Dies 56 Years Later. The Huffington Post. March 15, 2011. December 29, 2010.
- Stämpfli. R.. A new method for measuring membrane potentials with external electrodes. Experientia. 10. 508–509. 1954. 10.1007/BF02166189. 14353097. 12. 41384989 .
- Book: Akert, K.. Swiss Contributions to the Neurosciences in Four Hundred Years: From the Renaissance to the Present. 978-3728123626. Verlag der Fachvereine Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zurich. August 1996.
- H. H.. Hopkins. N. S.. Kapany. Nature. 10.1038/173039b0. 173. 39. 1954. A flexible fibrescope, using static scanning. 4392. 1954Natur.173...39H. 4275331.
- Web site: 1954: foundations for European science. CERN. 2008. February 28, 2011.
- Book: Sherif, M.. Harvey, O. J.. White, B. J.. Hood, W.. Sherif, C. W.. Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation: The Robbers Cave Experiment. registration. 1961. University Book Exchange. Norman, Oklahoma.
- Web site: Nuclear Power in Russia. World Nuclear Association. 2011-12-16. December 2011. February 13, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130213052522/http://world-nuclear.org/info/inf45.html. dead.
- https://www.google.com/search?q=2682235&tbm=pts U.S. patent 2,682,235.
- Bundy. F. P.. Hall. H. T.. Strong. H. M.. Wentorf. R. H.. 1955. Man-made diamonds. dead. Nature. 176. 4471. 51–55. 1955Natur.176...51B. 10.1038/176051a0. https://web.archive.org/web/20140108123004/http://www.htracyhall.org/papers/19550028.pdf. 2014-01-08. 4266566.
- Web site: Sir William Hamilton OBE. HamiltonJet. 2007. 2012-11-12.
- Web site: Sixty years of the Federal Republic of Germany – a retrospective of everyday life. 2002-12-28. February 25, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210225023359/https://www.goethe.de/ins/gb/en/index.html. dead.
- News: Staley McBrayer, 92; Inventor of Offset Press for Newspaper Printing. 2002-04-18. 2017-10-19. Los Angeles Times.
- Press release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022. 2022-10-05. The Nobel Prize. 2022-10-06.
- Web site: Alan Turing Biography, Facts, & Education. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2020-02-14.