2011 Tel Aviv nightclub attack explained

2011 Tel Aviv nightclub attack
Location:Tel Aviv, Israel
Coordinates:32.0539°N 34.7664°W
Time:1:40 (GMT+2)[1]
Type:Vehicle attack, stabbing spree
Fatalities:0
Injuries:4 Israeli civilians
4 Israeli police officers[2]
Assailant:Muhammad Sa'afan[3]

The 2011 Tel Aviv nightclub attack was a combined vehicular assault and stabbing attack which occurred on 29 August 2011 when a Palestinian attacker stole an Israeli taxi cab and rammed it into a police checkpoint guarding the popular nightclub, Haoman 17, in Tel Aviv which was filled with 2,000 Israeli teenagers.[4] After crashing into the checkpoint, the attacker jumped out of the vehicle and began stabbing people. Four civilians, four police officers, and the assailant were injured in the attack. The assailant was living illegally in Israel at the time of the attack.

The plan of the attacker allegedly was to strike some of the hundreds of teenagers present at the nightclub. Nevertheless, due to an Israel Border Police roadblock at the entrance and immediate response of the Border Police team during the stabbing spree, a much larger and fatal mass-casualty incident was prevented.[5]

Background

The attack occurred during a period of heightened security on Israel's southern border following a series of Palestinian militant attacks two weeks prior launched from Egyptian territory and a spate of rocket attacks from Gaza.[6] [7] The Israeli Defense Forces reported that they had upgraded their presence along the border with Egypt after receiving intelligence warning of a possible attack by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ).

Assailant

The assailant, a 21-year-old Palestinian man named Muhammad Sa'afan (alt.: Muhammad Bin Said Zofan), a native of Kalkilya, had been living in Israel as an illegal migrant, sleeping in an abandoned apartment adjacent to the disused Siksik mosque in the Jaffa neighborhood, and supporting himself by doing odd jobs.[3] Sofram met Mohammed Bin Saddam Hussein Biari, a fellow Muslim of the same age, at prayer services in a Jaffa mosque. The two began planning to carry out a terrorist attack and Zofran began practicing the martial art of attacking with a knife and a stick in his apartment.

Although in the initial investigation the attacker insisted that he initiated, planned and prepared for the attack by himself, and that he bought the knife specifically for the stabbing attack and for the taxi robbery, Israeli security nevertheless investigated whether the assailant operated under the instructions and assistance of a terror organization, and whether there might be more attacks expected.[8] [9] According to a police official in Tel Aviv, the attacker had received preliminary information about the big party which took place at the "Haoman 17" nightclub during that specific time. The police official also stated "no one arrives by chance to such an event by chance to carry out a stabbing attack at that late hour, unless one has preliminary information".[8]

Investigations revealed that during Ramadan, on 12 August 2011, Biari and Zofran plotted to attack Israeli security forces and civilian Jewish Israelis near the al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem. To this end, they purchased two knives and rode to Jerusalem on a public bus, staying at the Al-Aqsa Mosque on the Temple Mount for two weeks. However, according to Biari, Zofran told him that after speaking with a cleric at al-Aqsa he had decided to go back to Jaffa and become a "martyr" there. According to Biari, before leaving Jerusalem, Zofran borrowed Biari's cellphone and recorded a short film of himself that was intended for his parents. Biari stated that he had deleted the footage from his cellphone.

Zofran went to Tel Aviv's new Central Bus Station on 28 August. He had intended to stab a soldier, steal the soldier's gun, and use it to shoot border police. However, after reportedly failing to locate a suitable soldier to stab, he saw a tractor at a construction site on Yedidia Frenkel Street in Tel Aviv's Florentin neighborhood and instead determined to return to that site, steal the tractor, and kill soldiers by ramming the tractor into them. When he returned to the construction site later that night, he was unable to locate the tractor. It was at this point that, according to the indictment, he determined that he would carjack a taxi and carry out a ramming attack on border police stationed at the nearby junction of Salameh and Abarbanel streets.

Attack

On Monday night, 29 August 2011, an Israeli taxi driver, Nachman Aji (60), who was driving his taxi on Salameh Street in Jaffa, picked up a passenger who sat next to the taxi driver and asked to be driven to the Tel Aviv Central Bus Station.[10]

According to the taxi driver's testimony, shortly thereafter, around 1:30, the passenger pulled out a sharp knife and demanded that the taxi driver hand him the cab while insisting that "I do not want to hurt you". The driver attempted to fight the passenger but after the passenger stabbed him in the arm he agreed to hand over the vehicle.[11] Driver told police that he had believed that assailant merely wanted to steal the car.[12] [10]

At around 1:40[13] the attacker drove the stolen taxi at full force into a Border Police roadblock, which was securing the popular Haoman 17 nightclub Tel Aviv, one of Tel Aviv's most popular nightclubs. The club was holding an end-of-summer celebration at the time and according to an estimation of Aharon Aksul, the head of the Tel Aviv police district; he party being held at the club that night was for high school students and the club contained over 1,000 teenagers at the time of the attack.[12] Two Border Police officers were injured by the onrushing car.[12]

According to the testimonies of police and people present at the scene, the driver was slumped over the steering wheel and the incident was initially perceived as an accident, but as a police officer approached to assist the driver, he began screaming Allahu Akbar, emerged from the car and "brutally" stabbed a nightclub security officer who had approached the car to assist the presumed accident victim, before being subdued by Yitzhak Assaraf, manager of the nightclub, together with security guards Oleg Chritov and Grigory Sokolov. The three men who subdued the terrorist were injured in the struggle.[12] [14] The attacker managed to stab several bystanders before the Border Police team at the site managed to wrestle the attacker to the ground and arrest him.[12] To avoid panic, management instructed the DJ to keep the music playing, which he did for another hour. Only after the area outside the club had been secured did the management calmly evacuate the club of teenagers who had not know about the attack.[15] Around 3:00 the security forces at the site began evacuating the teenagers from the club.

In total eight people were injured, three of them seriously: four policemen, three civilians and the taxi driver, in addition to the terrorist, who was slightly injured in the attack. All eight injured, including the terrorist, were taken to hospital for treatment.[16] [17] The civilians injured in the stabbing attacks suffered from cuts to their heads, limbs and abdominal areas.[12]

Legal proceedings

Although police requested that the suspect's custody be extended to 15 days following his arrest, the Petah Tikva Magistrate's Court extended it to only 10 days.[18] The court hearing was held behind closed doors while the investigation was placed under a gag order.[19]

Mohammed Bin Said Zofran (alt.: Muhammad Sa'afan)[20] (21,) was indicted on 20 September 2011; charged with illegal residency, robbery, injury with serious intent, attempted murder, and conspiracy to commit a crime.

Second defendant, Mohammed Bin Saddam Hussein Biari (21) of Jaffa, was charged with failure to prevent a crime, conspiracy to commit a crime, and the destruction of evidence.[21]

The perpetrator was convicted for the attack in March 2012,[22] and sentenced to 18 years in prison.[23] At the trial, the terrorist "refused to express any remorse."[24]

Victims

Two seriously injured border policemen returned to service after a rehabilitation process.[25] [26]

Vehicle ramming as a trend

This was one of a small cluster of terrorist vehicle-ramming attacks in Israel in this period, others include the 2008 Jerusalem bulldozer attack, 2008 Jerusalem BMW attack and the 2011 Tel Aviv truck attack.[27] Articles published by Alistair Jamison on NBC News, Joshua Keating in Slate, in Australia's The New Daily, and by the Counter Extremism Project cite this attack as an early example of the terrorist vehicle-ramming attacks that occurred frequently later in the decade in Europe.[28] [29] [30] [31]

In his 2013 book, A Citizen's Guide to Terrorism and Counterterrorism, Christopher C. Harmon references the attack as one of a group of vehicle-ramming attacks in which a terrorist deliberately attempts to run over victims with the intention of "making 'holy war'".[32]

Reactions

Domestic parties
International

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Lappin. Yaakov. Timeline of south Tel Aviv terror attack. The Jerusalem Post. 29 August 2011. 15 July 2016.
  2. http://www.mako.co.il/news-military/security/Article-65f9c26ed821231017.htm חדשות 2 – פיגוע דריסה בת"א: 8 בני אדם נפצעו
  3. News: Lappin. Yaakov. Nablus man who attacked TA club named as Muhammad Sa'afan. The Jerusalem Post. 29 August 2011. 15 July 2016.
  4. News: Marquardt . Alexander . Nota . Bruno . 29 August 2011 . Terror Attack Outside Tel Aviv Nightclub Filled With 2,000 Teenagers . ABC News.
  5. News: Kubovich. Yaniv. Terror attack in Tel Aviv leaves eight wounded. Haaretz. 29 August 2011. 15 July 2016.
  6. News: Bronner. Ethan. Attacker at Israeli nightclub injures 8. 3 October 2017. The New York Times. 29 August 2011.
  7. News: Flower. Kevin. Police: Man plows into Israeli checkpoint, goes on stabbing spree. 1 October 2017. CNN. 29 August 2011.
  8. http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4115014,00.html המחבל: "תכננתי בעצמי". ממי שמע על המסיבה?
  9. News: Oren. Amir. Criminal No. 1. 1 October 2017. Haaretz. 2 September 2011.
  10. News: Cohen. Avi. Aharonovitch: Terrorist intended much larger Tel Aviv attack. 1 October 2017. Israel Hayom. 30 August 2017.
  11. News: Barak: We won't let terror attacks affect our daily lives. 5 September 2011. Sun Sentinel. 16 September 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120916210157/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2011-08-30/israel/fl-jjps-barak-0831-20110830_1_terror-attack-defense-minister-ehud-barak-road-block. dead.
  12. News: Lapin. Yaakov. Packed TA nightclub spared from frenzied Palestinian terrorist. 'Lone-wolf' from Nablus carjacked taxi, launched late-night stabbing spree outside club filled with 1,000 teens. 8 injured including police, club staff. The Jerusalem Post. 30 August 2011. .
  13. News: Seven hurt in taxi attack outside Tel Aviv nightclub. 1 October 2017. Agence France-Presse. Al Arabiya English. 29 August 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20120626082027/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/08/29/164545.html. 26 June 2012. dead.
  14. http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4114996,00.html 8 פצועים בפיגוע דריסה ליד "האומן 17" בת"א
  15. DJ at Tel Aviv club: I was told to keep playing, Hartman, Ben. Jerusalem Post; 30 August 2011 ProQuest
  16. News: Marquardt. Alexander. Nota. Bruno. Terror Attack Outside Tel Aviv Nightclub Filled With 2,000 Teenagers. ABC News. 29 August 2011.
  17. News: Palestinian on stabbing spree in Tel Aviv. 1 October 2017. Reuters. Al Jazeera. 29 August 2011.
  18. News: Lappin . Yaakov . 30 August 2011 . Nablus terrorist's custody extended by 10 days . The Jerusalem Post . .
  19. News: Israeli court extends remand of Palestinian responsible for Tel Aviv terror attack. Haaretz. 30 August 2011. 6 September 2011. Kubovich, Yaniv.
  20. News: Lapin . Yaakov . 29 August 2011 . Nablus man who attacked TA club named . The Jerusalem Post . .
  21. News: Paraszczuk. Joanna. August attack in TA brings indictments. Charge sheet also reveals 2 Kalkilya, Jaffa men planned to knife Israelis at central bus station and Jerusalem's al-Aqsa mosque. The Jerusalem Post. 20 September 2011. .
  22. News: Paraszczuk. Joanna. Kalkilya man convicted over Tel Aviv terror attack. The Jerusalem Post. 4 March 2012. 15 July 2016.
  23. http://www.jpost.com/National-News/18-years-for-terrorist-who-wounded-eight-in-Tel-Aviv 18 Years for Terrorist who Wounded Eight in Tal Aviv
  24. News: Israeli court sentences Palestinian to 18 years in jail for 2011 Tel Aviv attack. BBC. 20 July 2012. .
  25. https://news.walla.co.il/item/2511753 Born Again: Policeman stabbed in Haoman 17 recounts
  26. http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4348155,00.html "Human Shield" from Tel-Aviv Terror Attack Returns to Serve in Border Police
  27. News: Lappin. Yaakov. Background: Ramming Terror Attacks in Recent Years. 1 October 2017. Jerusalem Post. 29 August 2011.
  28. Web site: Vehicles as Weapons of Terror. Counter Extremism Project. Counter Extremism Project. 27 September 2017.
  29. News: Keating. Joshua. Why Terrorists Use Vehicles as Weapons. 27 September 2017. Slate. 5 November 2014.
  30. News: Jamison. Alastair. Truck Attacks: Low-Tech, Soft Target Terrorism Is Growing Threat. 27 September 2017. NBC News. 20 December 2016.
  31. News: Stiles. Jackson. The 'dreadful simplicity' of vehicle attacks. 1 October 2017. The New Daily. 15 July 2016.
  32. Book: Harmon. Christopher. A Citizen's Guide to Terrorism and Counterterrorism. 2013. Routledge. 978-0415709422. 12.
  33. News: Kais. Roi. Aharonovich: Students, remain vigilant. Ynetnews . Ynet. 29 August 2011. 15 July 2016.
  34. News: Tel Aviv nightclub attack sparks terror fears . The Jewish Chronicle . 1 September 2011 . 6 September 2011 . Pfeffer, Anshel.
  35. News: Israel braces for new terror. GlobalPost. 30 August 2011. 6 September 2011. Tarnopolsky, Noga.
  36. News: Palestinian Authority condemns Tel Aviv terrorist attack. Sun Sentinel. 30 August 2011. 15 July 2016.
  37. News: Levy. Elior. PA condemns Tel Aviv terror attack. Ynetnews . Ynet. 29 August 2011. 15 July 2016.
  38. Web site: Victoria. Nuland. Daily Press Briefing. 29 August 2011. U.S. State Department. 15 July 2016.
  39. News: US strongly condemns terror attack at Tel Aviv nightclub. The Jerusalem Post. 30 August 2011. 15 July 2016.