2014 North Indian Ocean cyclone season explained

Basin:NIO
Year:2014
Track:2014 North Indian Ocean cyclone season summary.png
First Storm Formed:January 4, 2014
Last Storm Dissipated:November 8, 2014
Total Disturbances:8
Total Depressions:5
Total Storms:3
Total Hurricanes:2
Total Intense:2
Total Extreme:2
Strongest Storm Name:Nilofar
Strongest Storm Pressure:950
Strongest Storm Winds:110
Average Wind Speed:3
Fatalities:183 total
Damages:3580
Five Seasons:2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
Atlantic Season:2014 Atlantic hurricane season
East Pacific Season:2014 Pacific hurricane season
West Pacific Season:2014 Pacific typhoon season

The 2014 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The season included two very severe cyclonic storms, both in October, and one other named cyclonic storm, classified according to the tropical cyclone intensity scale of the India Meteorological Department. Cyclone Hudhud is estimated to have caused US$3.58 billion in damage across eastern India, and more than 120 deaths.

The scope of this article is limited to the Indian Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere, east of the Horn of Africa and west of the Malay Peninsula. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean — the Arabian Sea to the west of the Indian subcontinent, abbreviated ARB by the India Meteorological Department (IMD); and the Bay of Bengal to the east, abbreviated BOB by the IMD. The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center releases unofficial advisories. On average, four to six storms form in this basin every season.

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Season summary

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Under the influence of an active Intertropical Convergence Zone, the season got off to one of its earliest starts on record, with a depression developing over the Andaman Sea during January 4.[1] Over the next couple of days the system moved westwards and made landfall on Sri Lanka, where it weakened into an area of low pressure.[1] Over the next few months the basin remained quiet, before the precursor cyclonic circulation to Depression BOB 02 developed during May 18.[1] As the cyclonic circulation developed it helped the southwest monsoon, advance into the Andaman Sea and parts of the Bay of Bengal, before it developed into a depression during May 21.[2] The depression was short lived and weakened into a remnant low, over the Bay of Bengal during May 23.[1] The southwest monsoon was subsequently delayed by six days setting in over the Indian state of Kerala and eventually moved over the state during June 6.[2] Over the next few days the monsoon set in further over the Bay of Bengal, while it was enhanced over the Arabian Sea by the formation of Cyclonic Storm Nanauk.[1] [2] By June 18, the monsoon covered most of the North Indian Ocean and parts of Gujarat, Konkan & Goa, Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar and Gangetic West Bengal.[2]

During June 19, an eastward propagation of the Madden–Julian oscillation over the maritime continent, lead to the season's first area of low pressure developing over coastal parts of Bangladesh.[2] This helped the monsoon set in over India's north-eastern states and advance in to central India.[2] During the final week of June the monsoon weakened, which led to the emergence of heatwave conditions over eastern parts of coastal India.[2] The monsoon subsequently started to revive as it interacted with the mid-latitude westerlies and it advanced into parts of the Himalayas and northwest India by July 1.[2] During the first week of July an area of low pressure and several upper air cyclonic circulations caused the monsoon to advance further, where it covered the whole of Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh by July 7.[2] Over the next two weeks a trough of low pressure and a cyclonic circulation, helped advance the monsoon into remaining parts of the Arabian Sea, central and north-western India.[2] The India Meteorological Department (IMD) subsequently declared that the monsoon covered the whole of India on July 17, which was about two days later that normal.[2]

A change in the lower tropospheric circulation pattern over Rajasthan between September 16–17, from cyclonic to anti cyclonic, which indicated to forecasters that the southwest monsoon had started to withdraw from the region.[2] During September 23, after Rajasthan had remained mainly dry since September 17, the IMD declared that the withdrawal of the southwest monsoon had commenced.[2] Over the next couple of weeks the monsoon gradually withdrew from the Arabian Sea, north-western and central parts of India, before Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Hudhud formed on October 7.[2] After Hudhud had moved northwards and weakened into an area of low pressure, the southwest monsoon withdrew from the rest of India, Sri Lanka and the North Indian Ocean by October 18.[2] During October 18, northeast monsoon rains over Tamil Nadu and neighbouring peninsular India commenced.[2]

Systems

Depression BOB 01

Basin:NIO
Track:BOB01 2014 track.png
Formed:January 4
Dissipated:January 7
3-Min Winds:25
1-Min Winds:40
Pressure:1004

Under the influence of an active Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), a low-pressure system formed over the Bay of Bengal on January 2, slowly organizing as it moved into a favorable environment. A Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) was issued by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). On January 4, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) commenced its advisories on the storm, designating it Depression BOB 01, followed by the JTWC classifying the storm a tropical cyclone. The storm intensified a little further, before it made landfall over north Sri Lanka on January 6 and degenerating into a low-pressure area during the following day.[3]

The storm brought moderate rainfall to northern Sri Lanka. On January 6, Vavuniya reported the highest amount of rainfall of 210mm, followed by Puttalam, Anuradhapura and Trincomalee receiving 50mm each. The depression was the first storm in the North Indian Ocean to form in the month of January since Cyclonic Storm Hibaru in 2005.[3]

Depression BOB 02

Basin:NIO
Track:BOB02 2014 track.png
Formed:May 21
Dissipated:May 23
3-Min Winds:25
Pressure:1000

A low-pressure area formed over the Bay of Bengal on May 19. It slowly consolidated, prompting IMD to classify it as a Depression on May 21, followed by JTWC issuing a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) in the following hours.[4] [5] Over the following day, the depression continued moving north-northeastwards towards an area of high vertical wind shear. The JTWC cancelled the TCFA issued for the system, stating that high wind shear had caused the convection to start dissipating.[6] The storm continued losing convection, until it weakened into a well-marked low-pressure area on May 23.[7] The remnant system persisted for several more days, moving over the Indian state of Odisha late on May 25, before dissipating on the following day.[8]

The depression brought much-needed relief to Odisha which had been suffering from a heat wave that claimed at least 22 lives. Coastal areas previously reporting temperatures near 40C fell below 30C during the system's passage.[9] Heavy rains affected many areas, including 208mm at Bhawanipatna which experienced temperatures of 45C days earlier. The highest 24‑hour rainfall was 210mm in Baleswar.[10] Six districts were placed under a flood alert due to the rains.[9] A bridge near Hatadahi in the Rayagada district was swept away by flooding.[10]

Cyclonic Storm Nanauk

Basin:NIO
Track:Nanauk 2014 track.png
Formed:June 10
Dissipated:June 14
3-Min Winds:45
1-Min Winds:55
Pressure:986

Under the influence of an active southwest monsoon surge, a low-pressure area formed over the Arabian Sea on June 9. It slowly organized, and was classified tropical storm 02A by the JTWC in the early hours of June 10. In the following hours, the IMD upgraded the storm to a depression and subsequently a deep depression, designating it "ARB 01". On June 11, the system was upgraded to Cyclonic Storm intensity and was named Nanauk by the IMD as it continued to intensify under favorable environmental conditions. The following day, Nanauk reached its peak intensity with a minimum central pressure of 986abbr=onNaNabbr=on and 3-minute sustained winds of 85km/h. As it tracked further northwestwards, the storm encountered moderate vertical wind shear, dry air and low sea surface temperatures, causing it to weaken rapidly into a Depression on June 13. A low-level steering flow deflected the storm to take a northward path, and the system was last noted as a well-marked low-pressure area on June 14.[11]

Land Depression 01

Basin:NIO
Track:LAND 01 2014 track.png
Formed:July 21
Dissipated:July 23
3-Min Winds:25
Pressure:988

On July 19, an upper level cyclonic circulation lay over the north-eastern Bay of Bengal and parts of Gangetic West Bengal and Odisha.[2] Over the next day an area of low pressure formed, under the influence of this cyclonic circulation and rapidly concentrated into a Depression during July 21, over Odisha and West Bengal.[2] Over the next couple of days the system moved westwards, before it weakened into an area of low pressure during July 23 over northwest Madhya Pradesh.[1] The area of low pressure subsequently merged with the monsoon during July 25, while the cyclonic circulation persisted over Rajasthan and Punjab, before it was last noted during July 31.[1] Under the influence of the depression, heavy to extremely heavy rainfall was recorded in the states of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Vidarbha.[1] In Odisha a total of 12 people lost their lives, while around of crops were affected and 1351 houses were damaged.[1] [2]

Land Depression 02

Basin:NIO
Track:LAND 02 2014 track.png
Formed:August 4
Dissipated:August 7
3-Min Winds:30

On 3 August, a low-pressure area formed over the Bay of Bengal under the influence of an upper air cyclonic circulation.[12] The system slowly intensified into a depression the following day while being located inland over Midnapore. The depression moved further inland, underwent intensification and was upgraded to a deep depression the same day. The storm moved further westwards and weakened into a depression on August 5,[13] [14] and was last noted as a well marked low-pressure area on August 7 over northwestern Madhya Pradesh.

The storm activated a flood situation in Odisha, affecting 12 districts of the state. Waterlogging was reported in the cities of Cuttack and Bhubaneshwar, and nearly 200 villages were affected after the Baitarani river swelled more than two meters over its flood danger level.[15] Sambalpur district received the highest amount of rainfall at 336.8mm, followed by Balasore district receiving 226.4mm.[16] [17] Seven people were reported to be missing after two trawlers capsized off the coast.[18] The state government evacuated about 17,000 people from low-lying areas. 23 deaths were reported due to torrential rainfall.[19]

Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Hudhud

Basin:NIO
Track:Hudhud 2014 track.png
Formed:October 7
Dissipated:October 14
3-Min Winds:100
1-Min Winds:115
Pressure:950

See main article: Cyclone Hudhud. Under the influence of an upper air cyclonic circulation, a low-pressure area formed over the Andaman Sea on October 6.[20] The system drifted westward and intensified into a depression and subsequently into a deep depression the next day, followed by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issuing a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA).[21] Owing to favorable environmental conditions, the storm intensified into a cyclonic storm on October 8 and was named Hudhud.[22] [23] Its convection consolidated in the following hours, and Hudhud became a Severe Cyclonic Storm on October 9. Hudhud underwent rapid intensification in the following days, intensified into a Very severe cyclonic storm and developed a well-defined eye feature. Shortly before landfall near Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh on October 12, Hudhud reached its peak strength with three-minute wind speeds of 175km/h and a minimum central pressure of 950abbr=onNaNabbr=on.[24] The system drifted northwards over land and was last noted as a well-marked low-pressure area over east Uttar Pradesh on October 14.[25]

Hudhud brought extensive damage to the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. At least 124 deaths were reported due to the storm and damage amounted to 21,908 crore (US$3.58 billion).

Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Nilofar

Basin:NIO
Track:Nilofar 2014 track.png
Formed:October 25
Dissipated:October 31
3-Min Winds:110
1-Min Winds:115
Pressure:950

See main article: Cyclone Nilofar. In late October, a low-pressure area formed over the Arabian Sea. It slowly consolidated and a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) was issued by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) on October 24.[26] The following day, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) classified the storm as a depression, designating it ARB 02, and the JTWC estimated tropical storm winds at the storm's center, starting advisories for the system.[27] On October 26, the system remained stationary and intensified into a Deep Depression. Subsequently, the IMD reported the storm had intensified into a cyclonic storm, and named it Nilofar.[28] [29] The following day, the IMD upgraded the storm into a severe cyclonic storm and further to a very severe cyclonic storm, and the JTWC reported hurricane-strength winds at Nilofar's center as it meanwhile developed an eye feature.[30] [31] [32] On October 28, Nilofar underwent rapid intensification throughout the day, reaching a peak strength of 950abbr=onNaNabbr=on with wind speeds exceeding 205km/h, tied with Hudhud. Over the following days, the storm recurved northeastwards and experienced high vertical wind shear, causing it to weaken rapidly into a minimal cyclonic storm on October 30. The low-level circulation center of the storm became exposed in the following hours and IMD downgraded the storm into a well-marked low-pressure area on October 31, issuing its final advisory for the system.

Deep Depression BOB 04

Basin:NIO
Track:BOB04 2014 track.png
Formed:November 5
Dissipated:November 8
3-Min Winds:30
1-Min Winds:35
Pressure:1000

During November 3, an area of low pressure developed over the Bay of Bengal, under the influence of active northeast monsoon conditions. On November 5, the IMD identified the system as a depression and designated it with the identifier 'BOB 04'.[33] This was followed by the JTWC issuing a TCFA[34] and subsequently initiating advisories on the system. The JTWC designated it '05B' and was reporting winds around the center on November 6.[35] Later that day, the IMD upgraded BOB 04 into a Deep Depression.[36] The system drifted northwards over the next couple of days, maintaining its intensity. Located between two subtropical ridges, BOB 04 mostly showed quasi-stationary motion.[37] However, albeit the adequately favorable conditions for further intensification, BOB 04 failed to intensify further. This resulted in the IMD downgrading the system into a Depression[38] and further into an area of low pressure by November 8.[39]

Season effects

This is a table of all storms in the 2014 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. It mentions all of the season's storms and their names, durations, peak intensities (according to the IMD storm scale), landfall(s) – denoted by bold location names – damages, and death totals. Damage and death totals include the damage and deaths caused when that storm was a precursor wave or extratropical low, and all of the damage figures are in 2014 USD.

|-| BOB 01 || || bgcolor=#| || bgcolor=#| || bgcolor=#| || Sri Lanka || Minor || None |||-| BOB 02 || || bgcolor=#| || bgcolor=#| || bgcolor=#| || Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India || Minor || None |||-| Nanauk || || bgcolor=#| || bgcolor=#| || bgcolor=#| || Pakistan, Oman || None || None |||-| LAND 01 || || bgcolor=#| || bgcolor=#| || bgcolor=#|Not specified || India || Minor || 12 |||-| LAND 02 || || bgcolor=#| || bgcolor=#| || bgcolor=#|Not specified || India, Bangladesh || Minor || 47 |||-| Hudhud || || bgcolor=#| || bgcolor=#| || bgcolor=#| || Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, Visakhapatnam, Nepal || || 124 || [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] |-| Nilofar || || bgcolor=#| || bgcolor=#| || bgcolor=#| || India, Pakistan || Minor || None |||-| BOB 04 || || bgcolor=#| || bgcolor=#| || bgcolor=#| || None || None || None |||-

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Report on cyclonic disturbances over North Indian Ocean during 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924092543/http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/publications/annual-rsmc-report/rsmc-2014.pdf . India Meteorological Department . September 24, 2015 . March 24, 2016 . January 2015 . dead .
  2. Monsoon 2014: A Report . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160404142234/http://imdpune.gov.in/Links/monsoon_report_2014.pdf . India Meteorological Department . April 4, 2016 . March 24, 2016 . January 22, 2015 .
  3. Web site: India Meteorological Department . A Preliminary Report on Depression over Bay of Bengal (4–7 January, 2014) . India Meteorological Department . 10 May 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150419081019/http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/publications/preliminary-report/d_4-7Jan.pdf . 19 April 2015 .
  4. Web site: Regional Specialized Meteorology Center, New Delhi . Depression BOB 02 Bulletin 1 issued at 0300 UTC on 21 May 2014 . India Meteorological Department . 21 May 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141013002104/http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/bulletin/indian.pdf . 13 October 2014 .
  5. Web site: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for the North Indian Ocean, issued at 0730 UTC of 22 May 2013. . Joint Typhoon Warning Center . 23 May 2014 . dead . https://archive.today/20240522114125/https://www.webcitation.org/6PmAyuxom?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO21-PGTW_201405220730.htm . 22 May 2024 .
  6. Web site: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for North Indian Ocean on May 23, 2014, 0200 UTC . Joint Typhoon Warning Center . 23 May 2014 . dead . https://archive.today/20240522114047/https://www.webcitation.org/6PmApxgb3?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO21-PGTW_201405230200.htm . 22 May 2024 .
  7. Web site: Regional Specialized Meteorological Center, New Delhi . Depression BOB 02 Bulletin 11, issued at 10:30 AM IST (0500 UTC), 23 May 2014 . India Meteorological Department . 23 May 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20200906184211/http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/cyclone_pdfs/indian_1400843384.pdf . 6 September 2020 .
  8. Web site: Joint Typhoon Warning Center . United States Navy . May 27, 2014 . May 29, 2014 . Invest 92B Operational Best Track . September 23, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200923054320/http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc14/IO/92B.INVEST/trackfile.txt . .TXT . live .
  9. Web site: The New Indian Express . May 26, 2014 . May 29, 2014 . Heavy Rains Lash Odisha; Flood Alert in 6 Districts . Bhubaneswar, India . May 30, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140530031154/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Heavy-Rains-Lash-Odisha-Flood-Alert-in-6-Districts/2014/05/26/article2246174.ece . dead .
  10. Web site: Odisha Sun Times. May 26, 2014. May 29, 2014. Heavy rains create flood scare in Odisha . Bhubaneswar, India. May 30, 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140530030446/http://odishasuntimes.com/57239/heavy-rains-create-flood-scare-odisha/.
  11. Web site: India Meteorological Department . RSMC New Delhi: Preliminary Report on Cyclonic Storm Nanauk . India Meteorological Department . 22 June 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150419081415/http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/publications/preliminary-report/NANAUK.pdf . 19 April 2015 .
  12. Web site: India Meteorological Department . Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean issued on 3 August 2014 at 0600 UTC . 4 August 2014 . dead . https://www.webcitation.org/6Ra4tQTjM?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/RSMC_201408030600.pdf . 4 August 2014 .
  13. Web site: India Meteorological Department . Information on Deep Depression over North Chattisgarh and Neighbourhood . Meteorological Center Bhubaneshwar . 5 August 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140301021510/http://www.imdorissa.gov.in/data/wcyclone.htm . 1 March 2014 .
  14. Web site: India Meteorological Department . All India Weather Bulletin (Evening), 5 August 2014 . 5 August 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20220307221857/https://www.pdf-archive.com/2014/08/05/allindianew/allindianew.pdf . 7 March 2022 .
  15. News: Baitarani wreaks havoc in Odisha, affects nearly 200 villages . 5 August 2014 . Odisha Diary . dead . https://archive.today/20240522114246/https://www.webcitation.org/6RbUfXMOM?url=http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp%3Fid=52382 . 22 May 2024 .
  16. News: Flood situation in Odisha become worse in 12 districts, 24 gates of Hirakud to be opened by noon . 5 August 2014 . Odisha Diary . dead . https://archive.today/20240522114328/https://www.webcitation.org/6RbUJraAT?url=http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp%3Fid=52373 . 22 May 2024 .
  17. News: Odisha gears up to deal with food. 5 August 2014. The Hindu.
  18. News: Lost trawlers traced, seven missing. 5 August 2014. DHNS. Deccan Herald.
  19. News: Singh. Neha. Flood Alert in Odisha: 23 Die of Torrential Rain, Evacuation in Progress. 6 August 2014. International Business Times. 5 August 2014.
  20. Web site: Tropical Weather Outlook for North Indian Ocean Issued at 0600 UTC of October 6, 2014 . India Meteorological Department . 7 October 2014 . dead . https://www.webcitation.org/6T90ov8CS?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/RSMC_201410061700.pdf . 7 October 2014 .
  21. Web site: Tropical Weather Outlook for North Indian Ocean Issued at 0600 UTC of October 7, 2014. . India Meteorological Department . 7 October 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141013000313/http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/bulletin/rsmc.pdf . 13 October 2014 .
  22. Web site: Tropical Cyclone 03B (Three) Warning #01 Issued at 0300 UTC of October 8, 2014. . Joint Typhoon Warning Center . 8 October 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141008033457/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/warnings/io0314web.txt . October 8, 2014 .
  23. Web site: Cyclonic Storm, 'HUD HUD' over north Andaman Sea & adjoining southeast Bay of Bengal. . India Meteorological Department . 8 October 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141008072444/http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/bulletin/indian.pdf . October 8, 2014 .
  24. Web site: Tropical Cyclone Hudhud Advisory 34 issued at 0700 UTC of 12 October 2014. . India Meteorological Department . 12 October 2014 . dead . https://www.webcitation.org/6TGngBYIo?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/RSMC_201410120700.pdf . 12 October 2014 .
  25. Web site: BOB 03 Advisory 54 issued at 1300 UTC, October 14, 2014 . India Meteorological Department . 15 October 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141013002104/http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/bulletin/indian.pdf . 13 October 2014 .
  26. Web site: Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert WTIO21 Issued at 24 October 2014, 2200 UTC . Joint Typhoon Warning Center . 25 October 2014 . dead . https://archive.today/20240522114409/https://www.webcitation.org/6TadiFnqm?url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/warnings/io9014web.txt . 22 May 2024 .
  27. Web site: Tropical Cyclone 04A (Four) Warning #01 Issued on 25 October 2014, 1500 UTC . Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) . 25 October 2014 . dead . https://archive.today/20240522114450/https://www.webcitation.org/6TaoptECy?url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/warnings/io0414web.txt . 22 May 2024 .
  28. Web site: ARB 02 advisory 7 issued at 0600 UTC, 26 October 2014. . India Meteorological Department . 26 October 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141026081248/http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/cyclone_pdfs/indian_1414325352.pdf . 26 October 2014 .
  29. Web site: Cyclonic Storm 'NILOFAR' over westcentral and adjoining southwest Arabian Sea. Pre-Cyclone Watch for north Gujarat coast. India Meteorological Department. 26 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141026092958/http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/cyclone_pdfs/indian_1414331982.pdf. 26 October 2014.
  30. Web site: Severe Cyclonic Storm Nilofar Warning 14 issued at 0230 UTC, 27 October 2014. . India Meteorological Department . 27 October 2014 . dead . https://www.webcitation.org/6Tdvle4Mh?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/INDIAN_201410270500.pdf . 27 October 2014 .
  31. Web site: Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Nilofar Warning 16 issued at 0800 UTC of 27 October 2014. . India Meteorological Department . 27 October 2014 . dead . https://www.webcitation.org/6TdvsK6rc?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/INDIAN_201410270900.pdf . 27 October 2014 .
  32. Web site: Tropical Cyclone 04A (Nilofar) Warning #07 Issued on 27 October 2014 at 0300 UTC. . Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) . 27 October 2014 . dead . https://archive.today/20240522114651/https://www.webcitation.org/6Tdw5k9YU?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201410270300.htm . 22 May 2024 .
  33. Web site: Depression BOB04 from IMD 2014-11-05 . India Meteorological Department . 11 November 2014 . dead . https://archive.today/20240522114932/https://www.webcitation.org/6Tu1HGXy6?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIN20-DEMS_201411051230.htm . 22 May 2024 .
  34. Web site: TCFA for Cyclone 05B . Joint Typhoon Warning Center . 11 November 2014 . dead . https://archive.today/20240522114810/https://www.webcitation.org/6TtyFqDRD?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO21-PGTW_201411052000.htm . 22 May 2024 .
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