2022 Green Party of Canada leadership election explained

Election Name:2022 Green Party of Canada leadership election
Turnout:36%
Election Date:November 19, 2022
Previous Year:2020
Previous Election:2020 Green Party of Canada leadership election
Ongoing:no
Type:presidential
Country:Canada
2Blank:Final ballot
3Blank:First ballot
Candidate1:Elizabeth May
Colour1:88d8c0
Image1:Elizabeth May in July 2014.jpg
2Data1:4,666 (58.11%)
3Data1:3,736 (46.53%)
Running Mate1:Pedneault
Candidate2:Anna Keenan
Colour2:5965ac
2Data2:3,089 (38.47%)
3Data2:2,034 (25.33%)
Running Mate2:Walcott
Candidate3:Jonathan Pedneault
Colour3:88d8c0
Image3:Jonathan Pedneault Interview.jpg
2Data3:Eliminated
3Data3:775 (9.65%)
Running Mate3:May
Candidate4:Chad Walcott
Image4:ChadWalcott.jpg
Colour4:5965ac
2Data4:Eliminated
3Data4:547 (6.81%)
Running Mate4:Keenan
Candidate5:Simon Gnocchini-Messier
Image5:Simon Gnocchini-Messier 1.jpg
Colour5:f1e405
2Data5:Eliminated
3Data5:399 (4.97%)
Running Mate5:N/A
Candidate6:Sarah Gabrielle Baron
Image6:Interview Sarah Gabrielle Baron.jpg
Colour6:FF007F
2Data6:Eliminated
3Data6:378 (4.71%)
Running Mate6:N/A
Before Election:Amita Kuttner (interim)
Leader
After Election:Elizabeth May
Party:Green Party
Year:2022
Date:November 19
Location:The Westin Hotel, Ottawa[1]
Replaces:Annamie Paul
Winner:Elizabeth May
Numcands:6 + NOTA
Entryfee:$1,000[2]

The 2022 Green Party of Canada leadership election took place from November 12 to November 19, 2022. It elected a new leader to replace Annamie Paul, who had announced her resignation following the 2021 Canadian federal election. That election was the Green Party of Canada's worst showing since 2000 and included Paul's defeat in her own riding of Toronto Centre, where she placed fourth.[3] On November 10, 2021, Paul announced her resignation,[4] which officially took effect on November 14, 2021, when it was accepted by the party's federal council.[5] [6]

Amita Kuttner was appointed interim leader on November 24, 2021. The party's constitution requires a leadership race begin within six months of the appointment of an interim leader, and conclude within two years of their appointment.[7] In December 2021, Kuttner said they believed there should be a "longer period before launching a permanent leadership contest, and then a short leadership race."[8]

Notably, four of the six candidates approved to run in this leadership race campaigned as part of joint tickets, promising to appoint the losing member of their ticket as a deputy or co-leader. As co-leadership is not currently recognized in the Green Party’s constitution, a move to shared leadership will require approval from the Green Party following the election. Saanich—Gulf Islands MP and former Green Party leader Elizabeth May won the election, after campaigning as part of a joint ticket with Jonathan Pedneault; as co-leadership is not formally recognized in the party’s constitution, Pedneault became Deputy Leader while the two sought to amend the party constitution.[9] [10] [11] However, Pednault failed to win a seat in the House of Commons and the proposed constitutional change allowing co-leaders was not approved due to internal disagreement and delay and on July 9, 2024, Jonathan Pedneault resigned as deputy leader, citing personal reasons.[12] [13]

Rules

To be eligible, a candidate: must complete a leadership contest application; must have been a member in good standing for at least three months at the end of the application period, unless their employment prohibited them from membership in a political party; must be eligible for election to the House of Commons; have no debt owed to the party; have no open litigation against the party; must be solvent; must not have participated in the writing of the campaign rules; must be "confirmed to be proficient in speaking and understanding speech in both official languages such that they can carry out their duties in both languages", unless an Indigenous applicant; must have "not demonstrated a pattern, or committed a single egregious act, within reasonable recency, of evidenced and documented violations of the GPC members’ code of conduct, such as inciting or committing violence, racism or abuse"; has not engaged in a pattern of public advocacy of "positions contrary to the Global Green Principles". If there are more than five contestants, the first round will end with a preliminary vote by members. The top four contestants will then continue into the second round.[14] On September 28, 2022 it was announced that there would only be a single round of voting.

Timeline

2021

2022

Candidates

Sarah Gabrielle Baron

Sarah Gabrielle Baron is a teacher, businesswoman and creative author residing on Manitoulin Island, Ontario.[21] She was the candidate for Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing in 2006, and an independent candidate for Durham in 2021, finishing in fifth place out of seven candidates for the seat and receiving 0.37% of the vote.[22] [23] [24] She called for a moratorium on new nuclear development.[25]

Campaign website:

Simon Gnocchini-Messier

Simon Gnocchini-Messier is a senior teacher at the Department of National Defense. He was the candidate for Hull—Aylmer in 2021, finishing in sixth place out of nine candidates for the seat with 2.8% of the vote.[26] [27] He said that he would work with municipalities to make federally owned land in urban areas available for cooperative farming, dedicate space for food production in public parks larger than two acres, and include vertical farming in new residential developments greater than 100 units.[28] He also called for an increase in hydroelectricity production, in part to support electrification of public transit. He proposed limiting immigration to 300,000 people per year to achieve environmentally sustainable population growth.[29]

Campaign website:

Anna Keenan and Chad Walcott

Anna Keenan and Chad Walcott ran on a joint ticket with a shared platform.[22] [24]

Anna Keenan, 36,[30] was the candidate for Malpeque in 2019 and 2021, the latter of which she finished third out of five candidates with 14.32% of the vote. Keenan is also currently the Green Party critic for electoral reform. Keenan has degrees in physics and economics from the University of Queensland, Australia, and has worked for 15 years as a campaigner for renewable energy, a labour organizer, and a community organizer within organizations such as Greenpeace International and 350.org. She currently lives in PEI, where she led the provincial Greens through a expansion and professionalization which led to them becoming PEI's Official Opposition in 2019. She has run twice as a federal candidate and has been in the top six Green candidates nationwide both times. Since 2019 she is the Green Party of Canada’s Democratic Institutions Critic.[31] She is believed to be the first person from Prince Edward Island to run for the leadership of a major political party.[32]

Chad Walcott, 34, was the candidate for Notre-Dame-de-Grâce in the 2018 Quebec provincial election, finishing fourth out of nine candidates with 6.67% of the vote. Walcott was born in Montreal and received a Bachelor of Political Science from Concordia University. He has worked 10 years in politics, community engagement and social development, including 2 ½ years as a fundraiser for the Jewish General Hospital Foundation. He was involved in student mobilization at Concordia, especially during the 2011-2012 Maple Spring when he organized and led the largest student protest in Concordia's history (for which he received an award for Outstanding Contribution to Student Life). In 2018, Walcott ran for the Green Party of Quebec and won that party's second-highest result.[33]

As part of Keenan and Walcott's platform they supported Canada moving towards implementing a universal basic income (UBI).[34] They believe the Green Party should adopt a co-leadership model.[35] Other policies they ran on included a four-day work week for federal workers, a ban on fossil fuel projects and the creation of a national electric inter-city bus service.

Campaign website:

Elizabeth May and Jonathan Pedneault

Elizabeth May, 68, and Jonathan Pedneault ran on a joint ticket with a shared platform.[36] [37] [24] They support moving the Green Party to a co-leadership model.[38]

Elizabeth May, MP for Saanich—Gulf Islands since 2011, Green Party leader (2006–2019), and parliamentary leader since 2019. May previously said she would not return as permanent nor interim leader,[39] but when asked in July 2022, she did not deny considering a run.[40]

Jonathan Pedneault is a human rights activist and co-director of the 2008 documentary Refuge: A Film About Darfur from Montreal, Quebec.[41] [42] [43]

Campaign websites: and

Candidates who withdrew or failed to qualify

Declined

Results

CandidateRound 1Round 2Round 3Round 4Round 5Round 6
Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%
Elizabeth May 3,73646.533,74646.653,83047.703,95349.234,00849.914,66658.11
Anna Keenan2,03425.332,04825.502,15826.872,30328.682,81935.113,08938.47
Jonathan Pedneault7759.657809.7181710.1789311.1296912.07Eliminated
Chad Walcott5476.815566.925897.336658.28Eliminated
Simon Gnocchini-Messier3994.974045.034876.06Eliminated
Sarah Gabrielle Baron3784.713964.93Eliminated
NOTONone of these options 1612.00Eliminated
Exhausted Votes00.001001.251491.862162.692342.912753.42
Total8,030100.008,030100.008,030100.008,030100.008,030100.008,030100.00
% of Vote Share by Round

Opinion polling

A poll of 218 Green party supporters conducted March 22 to April 4, 2022, by Probit Inc. found that provincial party leaders Sonia Furstenau (27%) and Mike Schreiner (23%) led in support, were they to run. Several other people who were noted in media sources as potential candidates, but who declined to run or failed to qualify, were included in the survey options, including Paul Manly (12%), Dimitri Lascaris (8%), Alex Tyrrell (7%) and Naomi Hunter (3%).[64]

Another poll of 281 Canadians was done by Probit Inc. and posted on November 18, 2022.[65] The poll showed the May/Pedneault ticket at 72%, the Keenan/Walcott ticket at 16%, Baron at 7%, and Gnocchini-Messier at 6%.

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Elizabeth May wins Green Party of Canada leadership, set to co-lead with Jonathan Pedneault - CBC News . CBC . 20 November 2022 . 8 April 2023. https://archive.today/20230408142722/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/green-party-leadership-race-results-1.6657717. 8 April 2023. live.
  2. News: Thurton . David . June 28, 2022 . Green leadership rules so restrictive, Elizabeth May would struggle, says Sask. Green leader . CBC News . June 28, 2022 . July 2, 2022 . https://archive.today/20220702120913/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/green-party-leadership-rules-1.6504477 . live .
  3. News: Aiello. Rachel. September 27, 2021. Annamie Paul resigns as Green Party leader. November 10, 2021. CTV News. en-CA. December 30, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211230130325/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/annamie-paul-resigns-as-green-party-leader-1.5601820. live.
  4. News: November 10, 2021. Annamie Paul officially quits as Green leader, will end membership in party. CBC News. November 10, 2021. November 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211110195613/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/annamie-paul-quits-green-leader-1.6244217. live.
  5. News: Thurton. David. November 16, 2021. Green Party accepts Annamie Paul's resignation as leader. CBC News. November 17, 2021. November 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211116232733/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/green-party-annamie-paul-1.6251482. live.
  6. News: Ballingall . Alex . Green Party formally accepts Annamie Paul's resignation as leader . November 15, 2021 . Toronto Star . November 15, 2021 . November 15, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211115164146/https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2021/11/15/green-party-formally-accepts-annamie-pauls-resignation-as-leader.html . live .
  7. Web site: Section 2.1.7.2 . Constitution of the Green Party of Canada . November 15, 2021 . Green Party of Canada . 2018 . November 15, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211115050403/https://www.greenparty.ca/en/party/documents/constitution . live .
  8. News: Amita Kuttner on being Canada's first trans political party leader: 'I have zero intention of playing by the rules' . Mel . Woods . December 1, 2021 . . December 5, 2021 . December 5, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211205061439/https://xtramagazine.com/power/politics/amita-kuttner-interview-213689 . live .
  9. Web site: Elizabeth May wins Green Party of Canada leadership for second time – November 19, 2022. www.youtube.com. November 20, 2022. November 20, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221120025956/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHW5xLQAMJU. live.
  10. Web site: Elizabeth May returns to Green Party leadership with running mate Jonathan Pedneault. November 19, 2022. thestar.com. November 20, 2022. November 20, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221120012302/https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2022/11/19/elizabeth-may-returns-to-green-party-leadership-with-running-mate-jonathan-pedneault.html. live.
  11. News: Elizabeth May elected Green leader again, to share burden with Jonathan Pedneault. November 19, 2022. Toronto Sun. November 20, 2022. November 20, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221120033304/https://torontosun.com/news/elizabeth-may-elected-green-leader-again-to-share-burden-with-jonathan-pedneault. live.
  12. News: Jonathan Pedneault resigns from Green Party, leaving Elizabeth May as sole leader . July 9, 2024 . Toronto Star . July 9, 2024.
  13. News: Deputy leader stepping down from bid to co-lead federal Green Party after internal debate . July 9, 2024 . Toronto Star . July 9, 2024.
  14. Web site: Leadership Contest Rules. Green Party of Canada. July 1, 2022. June 28, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220628224429/https://www.greenparty.ca/en/leadership-contest/rules. live.
  15. News: David . Thurton . October 28, 2021 . Green Party members are voting on Annamie Paul's leadership — weeks after she said she would quit . . November 10, 2021 . November 11, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211111114320/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/annamie-paul-green-party-1.6228402 . live .
  16. News: Chen . Alice . November 24, 2021 . Embattled Greens look to fill in their leader spot on an interim basis . . November 25, 2021 . November 25, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211125014801/https://www.hilltimes.com/2021/11/24/embattled-greens-look-to-fill-in-their-leader-spot-on-an-interim-basis/330503 . live .
  17. Web site: November 24, 2021 . Green Party appoints Amita Kuttner as Interim Leader . Green Party of Canada . November 25, 2021 . November 25, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211125032223/https://www.greenparty.ca/en/media-release/2021-11-24/green-party-appoints-amita-kuttner-interim-leader . live .
  18. News: Woolf . Marie . November 25, 2021 . Greens pick astrophysicist Amita Kuttner as interim leader, 1st leader who is trans . . November 25, 2021 . November 25, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211125143521/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/amita-kuttner-green-leader-1.6262005 . live .
  19. Web site: Leadership Contest Announcement . 2022-06-28 . Green Party of Canada . en . August 4, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200804054357/https://www.greenparty.ca/en/leadership-contest . live .
  20. News: Thurton . David . Green party downsizes its leadership race after resignations . October 1, 2022 . CBC News . September 29, 2022 . October 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221001013737/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/green-party-downsizes-leadership-race-1.6601132 . live .
  21. Web site: Sarah Gabrielle Baron - The Candidates . 2022-09-01 . leadership.green.ca . en . September 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220901041125/https://leadership.green.ca/processes/leadership/f/344/proposals/2569 . live .
  22. Web site: Ballingall. Alex. July 4, 2022. Meet the Greens who might take a run at Annamie Paul's old job. July 4, 2022. Toronto Star. July 5, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220705174605/https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2022/07/04/meet-the-greens-who-might-take-a-run-at-annamie-pauls-old-job.html. live.
  23. Web site: September 9, 2021. Meet the candidates: Sarah Gabrielle Baron. July 4, 2022. Toronto Star. June 19, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220619105758/https://www.thestar.com/local-oshawa/news/federal-election/2021/09/09/meet-the-candidates-sarah-gabrielle-baron.html. live.
  24. News: Thurton . David . August 31, 2022 . Green Party leadership candidates launch their campaigns . . August 31, 2022 . August 31, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220831012449/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/green-party-elizabeth-may-1.6567083 . live .
  25. Web site: Sarah Gabrielle Baron: Platform . 2022-09-01 . www.sarahgabriellebaron.ca . September 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220901041125/https://www.sarahgabriellebaron.ca/platform.php . dead .
  26. Web site: Simon Gnocchini-Meisser Linkedin. Gnocchini-Meisser. Simon. Linkedin. fr. July 22, 2022.
  27. Web site: Jutt. Najib. Signatures gathered for @theoandtheb @GpcHunter @ChadWalcott1 @annackeenan @AlexTyrrellPVQ @j_pedneault Jenn Kang, Simon Gnocchini-Messier, Shodja Eddin Ziaian, and Sarah Gabrielle Baron so far. Twitter. July 22, 2022. July 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220724030744/https://twitter.com/NajibJutt/status/1550482105947209728. live.
  28. Web site: Politiques Simon Gnocchini-Messier . 2022-09-01 . Simon G. Messier . en . September 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220901041129/https://www.simongmessier.ca/en/politiques . live .
  29. News: Thurton . David . November 12, 2022 . From a 4-day work week to immigration control, Green leadership candidates make their final policy pitches . CBC News . November 14, 2022 . November 14, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221114011456/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/green-party-canada-leadership-1.6647799 . live .
  30. Web site: Anna Keenan and Chad Walcott launch Green Party leadership campaign . 2022-08-31 . EN Keenan-Walcott Co-Leadership . en . August 31, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220831205518/https://www.keenanwalcott.ca/220831_green_party_leadership_campaign . dead .
  31. Web site: Anna . 2022-09-08 . Keenan-Walcott Co-Leadership . en . September 8, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220908000619/https://www.keenanwalcott.ca/anna . dead .
  32. News: Neatby. Stu. August 22, 2022. P.E.I. advocate Anna Keenan pitches 'healthier' co-leadership run for federal Greens. October 6, 2022. SaltWire Network. en-CA. October 6, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221006134214/https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/news/pei-advocate-anna-keenan-pitches-healthier-co-leadership-run-for-federal-greens-100766581/. live.
  33. Web site: Chad . 2022-09-08 . Keenan-Walcott Co-Leadership . en . September 8, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220908000623/https://www.keenanwalcott.ca/chad . dead .
  34. Web site: Our vision for Canada . keenanwalcott.ca . 11 October 2022 . October 11, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221011040316/https://www.keenanwalcott.ca/our_vision_for_canada . dead .
  35. Web site: Why co-leadership . 2022-10-13 . Keenan-Walcott Co-Leadership . en . October 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221013195347/https://www.keenanwalcott.ca/about_coleadership . live .
  36. News: Cochrane . David . Thurton . David . July 29, 2022 . Elizabeth May is pitching herself as co-leader of the Green Party: sources . . July 29, 2022 . July 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220729202347/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/elizabeth-may-green-party-leadership-1.6536589 . live .
  37. News: July 29, 2022 . Elizabeth May readies Green leadership bid, asked MP Mike Morrice to consider running . . August 18, 2022 . August 19, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220819000432/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-may-readies-green-leadership-bid-asked-mp-mike-morrice-to-consider/ . live .
  38. Web site: Our Pledge . 2022-10-13 . Elizabeth May & Jonathan Pedneault . en-CA . September 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220901041125/https://elizabethmay.ca/our-pledge/ . live .
  39. News: October 3, 2021 . Elizabeth May won't be Green interim leader, says Annamie Paul hurting party . CTV News . live . November 15, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211115052748/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/elizabeth-may-won-t-be-green-interim-leader-says-annamie-paul-hurting-party-1.5608501 . November 15, 2021.
  40. Web site: 2022-07-28 . Elizabeth May set to join Green Party leadership race, sources say . 2022-07-28 . thestar.com . en . July 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220728214135/https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2022/07/28/elizabeth-may-set-to-join-green-party-leadership-race-sources-say.html . live .
  41. Web site: Et si le prochain chef des verts était Québécois?. Le Journal De Québec. July 16, 2022 . fr. July 16, 2022. July 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220724030745/https://www.journaldequebec.com/2022/07/16/et-si-le-prochain-chef-des-verts-etait-quebecois. live.
  42. Web site: Jonathan Pedneault. Human Rights Watch. fr. July 16, 2022. July 16, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220716152210/https://www.hrw.org/fr/about/people/jonathan-pedneault. live.
  43. Web site: Refuge: A Film About Darfur. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. en. July 16, 2022. July 16, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220716152210/https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1305388494. live.
  44. Web site: Chalifoux . Nasser . Bonjour. Je suis Mètis et je porte ma candidature pour la parti vert . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220728065358/https://twitter.com/NasserDean/status/1552360829160493056 . July 28, 2022 . July 27, 2022 . Twitter . fr.
  45. 1564286012070707200. NasserDean. I would like to take the opportunity to thank all those who offered their support in my bid to be the leader of GPC.
  46. News: Thurton . David . August 23, 2022 . Greens reject leadership candidate who refuses to take a French test . CBC News . August 30, 2022 . August 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220830193118/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/green-party-najib-jutt-bilingual-1.6560265 . live .
  47. Web site: Brown . Chris . August 5, 2022 . We are live at the top of the hour with @jennkaye5 who is submitting their paperwork to run for the Leadership of the @CanadianGreens. #livenow . August 6, 2022 . Twitter . en . December 5, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221205173840/https://twitter.com/CrossBorderPod/status/1555612812130394114 . live .
  48. Web site: Tyrrell. Alex. July 5, 2022. I am actively considering running for the leadership.. July 16, 2022. Twitter. en. July 16, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220716155216/https://twitter.com/AlexTyrrellPVQ/status/1544413129131556864. live.
  49. Web site: 2022-07-18 . Green Party expels aspiring leadership candidate who says party is 'in crisis' . 2022-07-19 . thestar.com . en . July 19, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220719225813/https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2022/07/18/green-party-expels-aspiring-leadership-candidate-who-says-party-is-in-crisis.html . live .
  50. Web site: Centre for Research on Language and Culture Contact | Glendon . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220406215529/https://www.glendon.yorku.ca/crlcc/research/crlcc-research-areas/internal-members-2/shodja-eddin-ziaian/ . April 6, 2022 . March 11, 2022.
  51. News: Vincent . Donovan . October 21, 2019 . Liberal Ali Ehsassi keeps his seat in Willowdale . Toronto Star . live . March 11, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201028064233/https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2019/10/21/liberal-ali-ehsassi-poised-to-hang-on-in-willowdale.html . October 28, 2020.
  52. Web site: Blanchette. Denis. Twitter. Course à la chefferie 2022 du Parti Vert du Canada; Je réfléchis. fr. August 1, 2022. September 1, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220901003458/https://twitter.com/DenisBlanchette/status/1542572285281947651. live.
  53. Web site: 2021-09-04. Élections fédérales 2021 : Dalila Elhak, Parti vert du Canada POLITIQUE. 2022-02-11. Monlimoilou. fr-FR. February 9, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220209224533/https://monlimoilou.com/2021/elections-federales-2021-dalila-elhak-parti-vert-du-canada/. live.
  54. Web site: Roy. Lillian. 2021-09-03. 'A disgrace to the Green Party': Quebec Green candidate denounces leader Annamie Paul. 2022-02-11. Montreal. en. September 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210928051426/https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/a-disgrace-to-the-green-party-quebec-green-candidate-denounces-leader-annamie-paul-1.5573531. live.
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  62. News: . November 24, 2021 . Ex-MP Paul Manly withdraws from race to be interim Green Party leader . . November 25, 2021 . November 25, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211125001141/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-greens-to-choose-interim-leader-tonight-with-ex-mp-paul-manly-the/ . live .
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  64. ProbitInc . 1511725636687212553 . Using our omnibus poll results, we found that so far, BC leader Sonia Furstenau and Ontario leader Mike Schreiner lead the way if they chose to run..
  65. CanadianPolling. 1593739163081342977. Green Party Leadership Polling.