Abdellah Guennoun Explained

Abdellah Guennoun (ʻAbd Allāh Gannūn; 16 September 1908 in Fes – died 9 July 1989 in Tangier) was an influential Moroccan writer, historian, essayist, poet, academic, administrator, journalist, and faqīh.[1] [2] He was one of the leaders of the Nahda movement in Morocco, and served as the general secretary of the League of Moroccan Religious Scholars .[3] [4]

He is known for writing an-Nubūgh al-Maghribī fī al-adab al-ʻArabī (Moroccan Intellect in Arabic Literature),[5] a three-volume anthology of Moroccan literature in Arabic[6] that was banned by the French Protectorate.[7] [8]

Guennoun also served as a member of a number of linguistic, educational, and Islamic academies and organizations in places such as Rabat, Cairo, Damascus, Baghdad, and Amman.[9]

Early life

Abdallah Guennoun was born in Fes in 1908 to a family of noble Idrissid lineage long associated with knowledge.[10] His family moved from Fes to Tangier in 1914.

He had a traditional Islamic education, memorizing the Quran and some Hadith. With access to international books in Tangier, he also taught himself Spanish and French.

Career

Guennoun began his writing career early; he published in the newspaper Idhar al-Haqq in 1927 when he was 20 years old.[11] He also wrote for publications such as the Egyptian literary magazine Arrissalah.[12] [13] [14] [15] [16]

He became active and influential in the flourishing intellectual and cultural scene in Tetuan, and he published many of his works there. As part of this intellectual circle in Tetuan, he was involved in the first nationalist publication in Morocco, as-Salaam, which published its first issue October 1933.[17]

Guennoun was well-connected, associated with Said Hajji in the French area, Mohammed Daoud in the Spanish area, and Shakib Arslan in the Mashriq. Guennoun became involved with the Moroccan Action Committee in 1934.[18]

He opened the first of the Moroccan free schools in Tangier, the Free Abdallah Guennoun School, and worked as a teacher in 1936.[10]

He was the editor in-chief of a monthly Islamic publication called Lisaan ad-Din in the 1940s and published a number of articles.[10] [9] He also served as the general secretary of al-Mithaq, a journal put out by the faculty of al-Qarawiyyin University.[19]

He refused the support Mohammed Ben Aarafa, the puppet monarch chosen by France to replace Muhammad V, whom France had exiled.

Guennoun was, among other members of the Mococcan Nationalist Movement including Allal al-Fassi, Abdelkhalek Torres, Abdallah Ibrahim, a member of a generation of Moroccan intellectuals brought together the political and the cultural, and who criticized the reform movement in the country, arguing that there can be "no reform without independence."

Abdellah Guennoun taught and later assisted him in the creation of ("Read"), the first series of Arabic textbooks for children in Morocco, published in 1956, 1957, and 1958.[20] [21]

an-Nubūgh al-Maghribī

In 1937, he published an-Nubūgh al-Maghribī fī al-adab al-ʻArabī (Moroccan Intellect in Arabic Literature), his three-volume anthology of Moroccan literature.[22] This anthology indexed and contextualized major Moroccan works of literature written in Arabic, and led to the development of a Moroccan literary canon. Affirming both Morocco's contributions to Arabic literature and the long tradition of Arabic literature in Morocco, an-Nubūgh al-Maghribī was seen as a nationalist reaction to colonialism. It was banned by the authorities of the French Protectorate, and could not be brought into the area under French colonial control, nor could it be sold, displayed, or distributed there. Spain, however, was receptive of the work; an-Nubūgh al-Maghribī was translated into Spanish and Abdallah Guennoun was granted an honorary doctorate from a university in Madrid.[23]

He held a number of different positions. In 1937, he was made director of the Khalifi Institute,[9] [24] then professor at the High Institute of Religion and the College of Theology in Tetuan . He held the office of Minister of Justice in the Khalifi government from 1954 to 1956.[9]

He became a member of the Arab Academy of Damascus in 1956, the Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo in 1961, the League of Moroccan Religious Scholars, the al-Quds Scientific Commission in 1973, the Muslim World League in Mecca as a founding member in 1974, the Jordan Academy of Arabic in 1978, the Iraqi Academy of Sciences in 1979, and the Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco in 1980.

In 1981, he founded al-Ihyaa' (The Revival), a journal published by the Association of Moroccan Academics focusing on Islamic theological sciences and thought from an open, critical perspective.[25]

Death

Abdallah Guennoun died on 9 July 1989, aged 80, in Tangier.[18]

Notable works

Abdallah Guennoun's works include poetry, literary fiction, and history. Some of his most notable works include:

Legacy

Abdellah Guennoun's personal library, which he donated in 1985 to the City of Tangier, has been housed since his death in the former building of the Moroccan Debt Administration.[26]

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Literatura Marroqui http://www.literaturamarroqui.edu.es/autores/GHENNUN,%20Abdallah%20(1908-1989).pdf (retrieved 13 February 2009)
  2. Web site: "النبوغ المغربي" لعبد الله كنون في طبعة جديدة. Hespress. ar. 2020-03-29.
  3. http://www.hespress.com/?browser=view&EgyxpID=18679 هيسبريس: ذاكرة العلامة عبد الله كنون تؤسس لذاكرة مغربية حقيقية
  4. Web site: علماء المغرب.. من رابطة العلماء إلى الرابطة المحمدية. Hespress. ar. 2020-03-29.
  5. Book: Simour, Lhoussain. Larbi Batma, Nass el-Ghiwane and Postcolonial Music in Morocco. 2016-10-21. McFarland. 978-1-4766-2581-2. en.
  6. Fernández Parrilla . Gonzalo . Calderwood . Eric . 2021-04-16 . What Is Moroccan Literature? History of an Object in Motion . Journal of Arabic Literature . 52 . 1-2 . 97–123 . 10.1163/1570064x-12341421 . 0085-2376.
  7. Web site: دعوة الحق - [كتاب] النبوغ المغربي في الأدب العربي (لـ ع.ل.كنون)]. www.habous.gov.ma. 2020-03-29.
  8. Web site: النبوغ المغربي لعبد الله كنون.. موسوعة الأدب المغربي في خصوصيته وتعدده. مغرس. 2020-03-29.
  9. Web site: عبد الله كنـون. uemnet.free.fr. 2020-03-30.
  10. Web site: عبد الله كنون. www.aljazeera.net. 2020-03-29.
  11. News: عبد الله كنون 1 - المغرب. https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/EGtlrenmK0A . 2021-12-15 . live. Aug 24, 2016. الجزيرة الوثائقية. ar.
  12. Web site: مجلة الرسالة/العدد 86/البريد الأدبي - ويكي مصدر . 2022-05-25 . ar.wikisource.org . ar.
  13. Web site: مجلة الرسالة/العدد 129/المتنبي في ديوانه بمناسبة ذاكره الألفية - ويكي مصدر . 2022-05-25 . ar.wikisource.org . ar.
  14. Web site: مجلة الرسالة/العدد 130/المتنبي في ديوانه - ويكي مصدر . 2022-05-25 . ar.wikisource.org . ar.
  15. Web site: مجلة الرسالة/العدد 269/ماضي القرويين وحاضرها - ويكي مصدر . 2022-05-25 . ar.wikisource.org . ar.
  16. Web site: مجلة الرسالة/العدد 270/ماضي القرويين وحاضرها - ويكي مصدر . 2022-05-25 . ar.wikisource.org . ar.
  17. Web site: دعوة الحق - مجلة السلام أول صحيفة وطنية مغربية. www.habous.gov.ma. 2020-03-30.
  18. Web site: عبد الله كنون. www.aljazeera.net. 2020-03-30.
  19. Web site: دعوة الحق - عبد الله كنون وأثره في الثقافة المغربية -2-. www.habous.gov.ma. 2020-03-29.
  20. Web site: Yabiladi.com. Ahmed Boukmakh, the teacher behind Morocco's first Arabic-language textbooks. 2020-08-19. en.yabiladi.com. en.
  21. Web site: أحمد بوكماخ .. من المسرح والسياسة إلى تأليف سلسلة "اقرأ". 2020-08-19. Hespress. ar.
  22. Fernández Parrilla . Gonzalo . Calderwood . Eric . 2021-04-16 . What Is Moroccan Literature? History of an Object in Motion . Journal of Arabic Literature . 52 . 1-2 . 97–123 . 10.1163/1570064x-12341421 . 0085-2376.
  23. Web site: الذكرى المئوية لميلاد صاحب 'النبوغ المغربي'. 2019-09-20. Belpresse بلبريس. ar. 2020-03-30.
  24. Web site: في ذكرى ميلاده: عبد الله كنون… العلامة الذي أعاد الاعتبار للفكر والأدب المغربي. الهاني. كريم. 2019-09-17. Marayana - مرايانا. ar. 2020-03-30.
  25. Web site: نبذة تعريفية عن مجلة الإحياء. 2019-06-19. بوابة الرابطة المحمدية للعلماء. ar. 2020-03-30.
  26. Web site: Morocco World News . Abdallah Guennoun Library in Tangier Goes Digital . Khouloud Haskouri . 2021-08-22 .