Bar topnotchers in the Philippines explained

Bar topnotchers in the Philippines are bar examinees who garnered the highest bar exam grades in a particular year. Every year, the Supreme Court releases the bar top ten list. The list contains the names of bar examinees who obtained the ten highest grades. It is possible for more than ten examinees to place in the top ten because numerical ties in the computation of grades usually occur.[1]

Overview

From 1913 to 2019, schools which have produced bar topnotchers (1st placers) are as follows:[1]

Two bar examinees topped the bar exams without officially graduating from any Philippine law school:[1]

In the past, non-law school graduates were allowed to take the bar. However, the Revised Rules of Court and Supreme Court Circulars allow Filipino graduates of Philippine law schools (and subject to certain conditions, Filipino graduates of foreign law schools) to take the bar, necessarily excluding non-law graduates and foreigners who have law degrees from taking part in the exercise.[7]

While not a guarantee for topping the bar, academic excellence in law school is a good indicator of an examinee's fortune in the bar exams. Ateneo Law School's only summa cum laude graduate, Claudio Teehankee, placed number one in the 1940 Bar Exams.[1] It is worth noting that Teehankee's son, Manuel Antonio, followed in his footsteps by graduating at the top of his Ateneo Law School class (albeit, not as summa cum laude) and placing first in the 1983 bar exams. Claudio's nephew, Enrique (a cum laude graduate from the UP College of Law), also placed number one in the 1976 bar exams. Claudio eventually became Supreme Court Chief Justice, Manuel was formerly Department of Justice Undersecretary and Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the World Trade Organization in Geneva, Switzerland while Enrique is a successful private practitioner.

This father-son-nephew feat has yet to (and, perhaps, may never) be equalled in the annals of Philippine Bar. For siblings, the closest is when Manuel B. Zamora, Jr. placed third in the 1961 Bar Exams and younger brother Ronaldo placed first in the 1969 Bar Exams.

The UST Faculty of Civil Law's sole summa cum laude graduate, Roberto B. Concepcion, placed first in the 1924 Bar Exams.[1] He later served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

The San Beda College[8] of Law's sole magna cum laude graduate, Florenz Regalado,[9] [10] ranked 1st in the 1954 Bar exams with a mark of 96.70%. The record is the highest average in the Philippine Bar Examinations, to date. Regalado later served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.

The UP College of Law (which has yet to produce a summa cum laude graduate) had five of its seventeen magna cum laude graduates (the College of Law first conferred the honor to Rafael Dinglasan in 1925 and, to date, last conferred the same honor to Dionne Marie Sanchez in 2007) place number one in their respective bar exams: Rafael Dinglasan in 1925, Lorenzo Sumulong in 1929, Deogracias Eufemio in 1962, Roberto San Jose in 1966 and Ronaldo Zamora in 1969.[1] Dinglasan became a Judge of the Court of First Instance of Manila, Sumulong became Senator of the Republic and a renowned statesman, Eufemio and San Jose established their respective successful private law practices while Zamora became Executive Secretary to then President Joseph Estrada and is currently the Minority Leader in the House of Representatives.

Bar Topnotchers List

The Office of the Bar Confidant releases an official Bar Topnotchers list together with the list of names of all successful bar examinees. The Bar Topnotchers list contains the names of the candidates who garnered the highest general averages in the bar exam for that year. The highest ranking candidate in the list is known as the bar topnotcher. The list has always been the subject of much media attention and public speculation.[11]

Making a place in the list is widely regarded as an important life achievement, an attractive professional qualification, and a necessary improvement in a lawyer's professional and social status.[11]

Below is a listing of all 106 first-placers (from 1913 to 2019) and can be rearranged from highest to lowest in terms of rating obtained. Bar ratings are not exactly comparable from year-to-year as the difficulty of the exams varies through the years. Two bar examinations took place in 1946, first in August to cover the absence of the examination the previous year and in November for the present year. There was a tie in first place in two occasions – in 1944 and in 1999.

YearNameAverage SchoolHometownPassing Percentage[12]
1901
1902
1903Jose L. Quintos 96.33 Escuela de Derecho/Manila Law College 30.76% (4 out of 13)[13]
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911Jose Hontiveros98University of Santo TomasTangalan, Capiz
1912
191392
1914Manuel C. Goyena 93
1915Francisco Villanueva, Jr. 90
1916Paulino Gullas93
1917Felipe Ysmael 92
1918Alejo Labrador 87 San Narciso, Zambales
1919Gregorio Anonas 87 Iba, Zambales
1920Adolfo Brillantes 84.1 Escuela de Derecho/ Manila Law College
1921Pablo C. Payawal 89.1 San Miguel, Bulacan
1922Amando L. Velilla 89.1
1923Roque V. Desquitado90.9 Bantayan, Cebu
192489.1
1925Rafael Dinglasan 91.1
1926Eugeniano Perez 88.1
1927Cesar Kintanar87.7
1928Filomeno B. Pascual 90.3
192992.5
193089.4 Naga, Camarines Sur
1931Jose N. Leuterio 89.4 Boac, Marinduque
193293
1933Lope C. Quimbo 92.45
1934Marciano P. Catral 89.7
1935Enrique Estrellado 91.7
193689.85 Lubao, Pampanga
193792.6
193891.3
193992.35
194094.35
1941Emmet P.D. Shea 90.2
1942-1943Cancelled due to World War II
194495.3
Special Dispensation (non-degree holder) (University of Santo Tomas undergraduate)
1945Cancelled due to Post-war Rehabilitation
1946Gregoria T. Cruz – (August 1946) 92.25 Manila, Metro Manila46.63% (97 out of 208)
Pedro L. Yap(November 1946) 91.7 56.69% (271 out of 478)
194793.85 59.87% (428 out of 755)
1948Manuel G. Montecillo 95.5 62.26% (561 out of 901)
1949Anacleto C. Mañgaser 95.85 Caba, La Union 56.14% (686 out of 1,222)
195092.05 Special (Colegio de San Agustin and University of the Philippines) 31.92% (423 out of 1,325)
1951Vicente R. Acsay 92.25 57.19% (1.189 out of 2,079)
1952Pedro Samson C. Animas 94.25 62.02% (1,705 out of 2,749)
1953Leonardo A. Amores 94.05 72.42% (1,851 out of 2,556)
195496.7 Concepcion, Iloilo 75.17% (2,409 out of 3,206)
1955Tomas P. Matic, Jr. 90.55 Concepcion, Tarlac 27.29% (815 out of 2,987)
1956Francisco C. Catral 90.2 62.60% (2,283 out of 3,647)
1957Gregorio R. Castillo 89.15 Buhi, Camarines Sur 19.77% (615 out of 3,110)
1958Manuel G. Abello 89.25 Isabela, Negros Occidental 21.97% (868 out of 3,951)
1959Agustin O. Benitez 89.2 21.21% (796 out of 3,754)
1960Ismael Andres 91.7 Looc, Romblon 39.9% (1,667 out of 4,178)
1961Avelino V. Cruz 90.95 19.34 (845 out of 4,370)
1962Deogracias G. Eufemio 90.8 19.4% (899 out of 4,635)
1963Cornelio C. Gison 86.35 Arevalo, Iloilo City 22.26% (1,213 out of 5,453)
1964Jesus P. Castelo 88.4 San Isidro, Nueva Ecija 25.09% (902 out of 3,596)
1965Victor S. de la Serna 89.8 32.66% (642 out of 1,965)
1966Roberto V. San Jose 90.6 36.71% (715 out of 1,947)
196789.6 22.8% (411 out of 1,803)
1968Oscar B. Glovasa 87.45 21.11% (347 out of 1,643)
196987.3 28.6 (495 out of 1,731)
1970Romulo D. San Juan 87.5 San Jacinto, Masbate 27.9% (491 out of 1,761)
197192.4 33.84% (621 out of 1,835)
1972Januario B. Soller, Jr. 87.13 26.68% (509 out of 1,907)
1973Vicente R. Solis 90.3 37.4% (610 out of 1,631)
197491.65 35.02% (685 out of 1,956)
1975Nicanor B. Padilla, Jr. 86.7 35.18% (686 out of 1,950)
1976Enrique Y. Teehankee 90.8 49.77% (926 out of 1,979)
1977Virgilio B. Gesmundo 91.8 60.56% (1,038 out of 1,714)
1978Cosme D. Rosell 92.475 Daanbantayan, Cebu 56.93% (1,076 out of 1,890)
1979Gregorio M. Batiller, Jr. 91.4 49.51% (903 out of 1,824)
1980Rafael R. Lagos 89.75 33.61% (605 out of 1,800)
1981Irene Ragodon-Guevarra 90.95 43.71% (787 out of 1,800)
1982 Ray C. Espinosa 90.95 20.5% (432 out of 2,112)
1983 Manuel Antonio J. Teehankee 91.4 21.3% (523 out of 2,455)
1984 Richard M. Chiu 92.85 25.55% (638 out of 2,497)
1985 Janette Susan L. Peña 89.4 San Juan, Metro Manila 25.78% (701 out of 2,719)
1986 Laurence L. Go 88.6 Pagadian, Zamboanga del Sur18.88% (493 out of 2,609)
1987 Mario P. Victoriano 88.55 Dumaguete, Negros Oriental17.90 (480 out of 2,682)
1988 Maria Yvette O. Navarro 88.12 Manila, Metro Manila24.40% (689 out of 2,824)
1989 86.185 Manila, Metro Manila21.26% (639 out of 3,006)
1990 89.85 27.94% (866 out of 3,100)
1991 Joseph P. San Pedro 89.95 17.81% (569 out of 3,194)
1992 Jayme A. Sy, Jr. 87 Sagay, Negros Occidental17.25% (499 out of 2,892)
1993 Anna Leah Fidelis T. Castañeda 88.325 Manila, Metro Manila21.65% (725 out of 3,348)
1994 Francisco Noel R. Fernandez 89.2 Butuan, Agusan del Norte30.87% (1,030 out of 3,337)
1995 Leonor Y. Dicdican 91.2 Davao City, Davao del Sur30.90% (987 out of 3,194)
1996 Patricia-Ann T. Prodigalidad 90.6 Brooklyn, New York, US31.21% (1,217 out of 3,900)
1997 Ma. Cecilia H. Fernandez 90.025 Makati, Metro Manila18.11% (710 out of 3,921)
1998 91.8 Dagupan, Pangasinan39.63% (1,465 out of 3,697)
1999 Edwin R. Enrile88.5 Naga, Camarines Sur16.59% (660 out of 3,978)
Manila, Metro Manila
2000 Eliseo M. Zuñiga, Jr. 90.6 Mandaluyong, Metro Manila20.84% (979 out of 4,698)
2001 Rodolfo Ma. A. Ponferrada 93.8 32.895 (1,266 out of 3,849)
2002 Arlene M. Maneja 92.9 Quezon City, Metro Manila19.86% (917 out of 4,659)
2003 Aeneas Eli S. Diaz 88.53 Sorsogon City, Sorsogon20.71% (1,108 out of 5,349)
2004 January A. Sanchez 87.45 Santa Maria, Bulacan31.61% (1,659 out of 5,249)
2005 Joan A. De Venecia 87.2 Dagupan, Pangasinan27.22% (1,526 out of 5,607)
2006 Noel Neil Q. Malimban 87.6 Baguio, Benguet30.6% (1,893 out of 6,187)
2007 Mercedita L. Ona 83.55 San Jose, Batangas22. 91% (1,289 out of 5,626)
2008 Judy A. Lardizabal 85.7 Imus, Cavite20.58 (1,310 out of 6.364)
2009 Reinier Paul R. Yebra 84.8 Daet, Camarines Norte24.58% (1,451 out of 5,093)
2010 Cesareo Antonio S. Singzon Jr. 89 Catbalogan, Samar20.26% (982 out of 4,847)
2011 Raoul Angelo D. Atadero 85.536 Quezon City, Metro Manila31.95& (1,913 out of 5,987)
2012 Ignatius Michael D. Ingles 85.64Quezon City, Metro Manila17.76% (949 out of 5,343)
2013 Nielson G. Pangan 85.8Manila, Metro Manila22.18% (1,174 out of 5,293)
2014 Irene Mae B. Alcobilla 85.5 San Remigio, Antique18.82% (1,126 out of 5,984)
2015 Rachel Angeli B. Miranda 87.4 Quezon City, Metro Manila26.21% (1,731 out of 7,146)
2016 Karen Mae L. Calam 89.05 Kalilangan, Bukidnon59.06% (3,747 out of 6,344)
2017 Mark John M. Simondo 91.05 Bacolod, Negros Occidental25.55% (1,724 out of 6,748)
2018 Sean James Borja 89.306 Muntinlupa, Metro Manila22.07% (1,800 out of 8,155)
2019 Mae Diane Azores 91.049 University of Santo Tomas–LegazpiLegazpi City, Albay27.36% (2,103 out of 7,699)
2020 Postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic [14]
2021 None 72.28% (8,241 out of 11,402)
2022 Czar Matthew Dayday88.803 University of the Philippines43.47% (3,992 out of 9,183)
2023 Ephraim P. Bie89.2625%University of Santo Tomas36.77% (3,812 out of 10, 387)

Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the Supreme Court En banc instituted bar reforms pro hac vice in conducting the 2020-2021 bar examinations, including: 

Declaration of bar topnotchers is suspended. Examinees who obtain 85% or higher shall be recognized for exemplary performance.[18]

Highest and lowest topnotcher grades

Jose Hontiveros obtained an average of 98% in 1911.[19] A standard was created in 1940, when Claudio Teehankee (future Supreme Court Chief Justice), from the Ateneo Law School, got a grade of 94.35% when he topped the examinations. This record was obliterated four years later in 1944 when Jovito Salonga and Jose W. Diokno tied with the highest score of 95.3%. This was the first time that first place ended in a tie. When they took the 1944 Bar Exams, Atty. Salonga was an undergraduate at the UP College of Law while Atty. Diokno (future Senator) was an undergraduate of the University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Civil Law. After passing the bar, Atty. Salonga (future Senate President) went back to UP to complete his bachelor's degree in law, earning it in 1946. The only other instance of a tie at the first place in the bar exams was when Edwin Enrile (salutatorian of his Ateneo Law School class) and Florin Hilbay (an honor student of the UP College of Law) both garnered the same score in 1999. Atty. Enrile served as Deputy Executive Secretary to President Gloria Arroyo and as a Professorial Lecturer at the Ateneo Law School.[2] Atty. Hilbay served as the Solicitor General from 2014 to 2016 and is the current dean of the Siliman University College of Law.[20] After another four years, the "bar" was raised a few notches when Manuel G. Montecillo of the Far Eastern University Institute of Law got a grade of 95.50% when he bested all the bar examinees of 1948. The following year, another record was set when Anacleto C. Mañgaser, an alumnus of the Philippine Law School, got a grade of 95.85% when he topped the 1949 bar exams.

The lowest grade was obtained by Ateneo Law School's Mercedita L. Ona, 83.55%, 2007, which erased the prior record of 84.10%, obtained by Adolfo Brillantes of Escuela de Derecho de Manila (now Manila Law College Foundation) in 1920.[1] [21] Atty. Ona was just the latest of women's first placers. In 1930, Tecla San Andres (an alumna of the UP College of Law and future Senator) broke the proverbial "glass ceiling" when she became the first woman to top the bar with a grade of 89.4%. Ameurfina A. Melencio (also an alumna of the UP College of Law and who later became a Justice of the Supreme Court) has the highest grade of all-female bar topnotchers in recorded history when she obtained a 93.85% rating in 1947.

Notable bar topnotchers

Prominent lawyers who made the bar top ten include:[22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31]

Presidents and Vice-Presidents

Supreme Court and Court of Appeals Justices

Senators and Representatives

Appointees and career service officials

Local officials

Academe

External links

Notes and References

  1. List of Bar Topnotchers from 1913 to 2006, Office of the Bar Confidant, Supreme Court of the Philippines.
  2. Manila Times, April 12, 2008
  3. Web site: zxq.net. filipinoheritage.zxq.net. January 2, 2024 .
  4. Web site: De La Salle University : DLSU : Home. DLSU ITS, DLSU STRATCOM, DLSU. IRPA. dlsu.edu.ph.
  5. Web site: 2014 Bar 4th placer is 2009 CPA exams 2nd placer. Val. Balita. Vina. Araneta. Joworski. Alipon. March 26, 2015.
  6. Web site: Brillantes faces rough sailing at CA . . March 28, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120214151751/http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/home/life/6339-balancing-the-scales-what-its-like-to-have-two-supreme-court-justices-for-parents.html . February 14, 2012 . dead .
  7. Section 5, Rule 138, Revised Rules of Court.
  8. Web site: Home – San Beda. sanbeda.edu.ph.
  9. Web site: HON. JUSTICE FLORENZ D. REGALADO . Republic of the Philippines Senate Electoral Tribunal . April 30, 2022.
  10. Florenz Regalado
  11. "Results of the Philippine Bar Exams." TV Patrol World, ABS-CBN, March 2006.
  12. https://aboutphilippines.ph/doc-pdf-ppt-etc/05_Philippine-Judicial-System.pdf Bar Examinations National Percentage
  13. http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/513715/did-you-know-first-bar-exam-in-ph
  14. SC Bar Bulletin No. 11
  15. https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/files/bar-2020/bar-bulletin-18.pdf Bar Bulletin No. 18
  16. https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/files/bar-2021/bar-bulletin-33.pdf Bar Bulletin No. 33
  17. https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/files/bar-2021/bar-bulletin-31.pdf Bar Bulletin No. 31
  18. https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/20752/ Bar Matter No. 3860
  19. Justice Jose Hontiveros obtained a grade of 98% in 1911. See "Profiles of Chief Justices and Associate Justices," p. 146.
  20. Web site: SU names former SolGen Hilbay as Law dean . December 5, 2023 . Silliman University . en-US.
  21. Web site: Women outshine men in RP bar exams. GMA News Online. March 30, 2008 .
  22. Roll of Attorneys of the Supreme Court, June 2007.
  23. Faculty and alumni list, Ateneo School of Law, June 2007.
  24. Faculty and alumni list, FEU Institute of Law, June 2007.
  25. Faculty and alumni list, Lyceum of the Philippines College of Law, June 2007.
  26. Faculty and alumni list, MLQU College of Law, June 2007.
  27. Faculty and alumni list, San Beda College of Law, June 2007.
  28. Faculty and alumni list, San Sebastian College-Recoletos College of Law, June 2007.
  29. Faculty and alumni list, UE College of Law, June 2007.
  30. Faculty and alumni list, UP College of Law, June 2007.
  31. Faculty and alumni list, UST Faculty of Civil Law, June 2007.