COVID-19 pandemic in Chad explained

COVID-19 pandemic in Chad
Map1:Chad-COVID-19.svg
Legend1:
Provinces with more than 3000 cases
Provinces with 300 to 2999 cases
Provinces with 30 to 299 cases
Provinces with 3 to 29 cases
Provinces with 1 or 2 cases
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Disease:COVID-19
Virus Strain:SARS-CoV-2
Location:Chad
First Case:N'Djamena
Arrival Date:19 March 2020
Recovery Cases:7,483[1]

The COVID-19 pandemic in Chad was a part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 . The virus was confirmed to have reached Chad in March 2020. As the third least developed nation in the world, according to the HDI in 2019,[2] Chad has faced unique economic, social, and political challenges under the strain of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background

On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a complex respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.[3] [4]

The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003,[5] [6] but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.[7] [5] Model-based simulations for Chad indicate that the 95% confidence interval for the time-varying reproduction number R t for Chad fluctuated around 1.0 in late 2020 and early 2021.[8] Studies on the ground have illustrated that the country is not adequately equipped to handle a pandemic.[9] With roots tracing back to a violent and recent colonial history, many sectors of the Chadian economy and government are under-developed. Of specific concern regarding a global pandemic, the health sector faces many challenges in Chad. Issues such as geographic accessibility, government and foreign-aid funding conflicts, brain drain emigration, and poor infrastructure shape the scope of care systems.[10]

Timeline

2020

March

April

May

June

July to December

January to December 2021

January to December 2022

January to December 2023

Statistics

Confirmed deaths per day

Response

As a preventive measure, the government cancelled all flights into the country, except for cargo flights.[33] [34] Furthermore, the government responded with similar and standard global practices of mandating mask wearing in public spaces, creating a curfew from 8 pm to 5 am, checking temperatures at airports and supporting "quarantine hotels", as well raising public awareness of the viral threat through campaigns and advertisements. Schools, public life such as bars and social clubs, and government work was closed along with social distancing requirements.[35] Of importance to note is the paradox of low corona virus cases in Chad given the strained health systems in place. Researchers have theorized that these low numbers may have a multitude of answers: notably the population's previous exposure and experience with infectious disease, as well the average age of the population, 52.8 years, being under the highest levels of "at-risk ages" for the COVID-19 pandemic, around 65 years old and poor records and/or testing of cases.[36] The IMF details responses the Chadian government has worked to implement such as subsidizing the agricultural sector, tax break plans, focusing on essential imports such as food distribution, suspending household bills, and clearing domestic debt. Of importance to track in response to the pandemic is Chad's increasing ties with China. China has a relationship with the nation through generous loan programs, and throughout the pandemic these ties have increased as China has stepped up to provide food distribution aid as well as medical equipment and support in zones of active violence in Chad.[37]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Chad COVID - Coronavirus Statistics - Worldometer. 2023-03-08.
  2. Web site: Human Development Reports. 2021-03-24. www.hdr.undp.org.
  3. Web site: Novel Coronavirus Information Center . Elsevier . Elsevier Connect. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200130171622/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center. 30 January 2020. 15 March 2020.
  4. Reynolds . Matt . What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic? . 4 March 2020 . Wired UK. 5 March 2020 . 1357-0978. https://web.archive.org/web/20200305104806/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus. 5 March 2020. live.
  5. Web site: Crunching the numbers for coronavirus . Imperial News. 13 March 2020 . 15 March 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200319084913/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/. 19 March 2020. live.
  6. Web site: High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England . GOV.UK . en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200303051938/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid. 3 March 2020. 17 March 2020.
  7. Web site: World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus . www.wfsahq.org. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200312233527/https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus. 12 March 2020. 15 March 2020.
  8. Future scenarios of the healthcare burden of COVID-19 in low- or middle-income countries, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis at Imperial College London.
  9. Takoudjou Dzomo. Guy Rodrigue. Bernales. Margarita. López. Rodrigo. Djofang Kamga. Yves. Kila Roskem. Jean Pierre. Deassal Mondjimbaye. Francis. Nanbolngar. Joseph. Modode. Richard. Rongar. Roger. Diba. Faro. Toglengar. Madjadoum. 2021-04-01. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding COVID‑19 in N'Djamena, Chad. Journal of Community Health. en. 46. 2. 259–266. 10.1007/s10900-021-00963-8. 1573-3610. 7823177. 33484402.
  10. Wyss, Kaspar; Moto, Daugla Doumagoum; Callewaert, Bart.. January 2003. "Constraints to Scaling-Up Health Related Interventions: The Case of Chad, Central Africa". Journal of International Development. 15. 87–100. 10.1002/jid.967.
  11. News: Reuters. 19 March 2020. Chad confirms first case of coronavirus: government statement. 19 March 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200320155727/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-chad/chad-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus-government-statement-idUSKBN2162LO. 20 March 2020. live.
  12. Web site: Coronavirus : Le Tchad annonce deux nouveaux cas. Alwihda. Info. Alwihda Info - Actualités TCHAD, Afrique, International. fr. 2020-04-01.
  13. Web site: Tchad - COVID-19 : un tchadien et un suisse testés positifs. Alwihda. Info. Alwihda Info - Actualités TCHAD, Afrique, International. fr. 2020-04-09.
  14. Web site: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation report 72. 8. World Health Organization. 1 April 2020. 2020-07-16.
  15. Web site: Coronavirus au Tchad : voici comment l'équipe du 1313 a pu découvrir le 8ème cas. 2020-04-03. Tchadinfos.com. fr-FR. 2020-04-09.
  16. Web site: Tchad : un 9ème cas de COVID-19 détecté. Alwihda. Info. Alwihda Info - Actualités TCHAD, Afrique, International. fr. 2020-04-09.
  17. Web site: Covid-19 : les autorités sanitaires confirment le 10e cas. Journal du Tchad. fr. 2020-04-11.
  18. Web site: Coronavirus : le Tchad annonce son 11e cas, un marabout venu du Pakistan. 2020-04-09. Tchadinfos.com. fr-FR. 2020-04-11.
  19. Web site: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation report 103. 2020-05-02. World Health Organization. 5. 2020-07-16.
  20. Web site: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) 133 . World Health Organization . 16 July 2020 . 7 . 1 June 2020.
  21. Web site: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation report 163 . World Health Organization . 16 July 2020. 7. 1 July 2020.
  22. Web site: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) situation report 194. World Health Organization. 2 August 2020. 5. 1 August 2020.
  23. Web site: Outbreak brief 33: COVID-19 pandemic – 1 September 2020. Africa CDC. 14 September 2020. 2. 1 September 2020.
  24. Web site: COVID-19 situation update for the WHO African region. External situation report 31 . World Health Organization . 2 October 2020. 4 . 30 September 2020.
  25. Web site: Outbreak brief 42: COVID-19 pandemic. Africa CDC. 9 November 2020. 2. 3 November 2020.
  26. Web site: Outbreak brief 46: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Africa CDC. 2 December 2020. 2. 1 December 2020.
  27. Web site: 2021-01-01. Chad locks down capital for first time as COVID-19 cases rise. 2021-01-01. Reuters. en.
  28. Web site: Le Tchad lance sa campagne de vaccination contre le Covid-19. RFI. 11 June 2021. fr. 6 June 2021. Bazzara-Kibangula. Aurélie.
  29. Web site: Covid-19 : 482 cas enregistrés en décembre. Tchadinfos. 2 January 2022. fr. 1 January 2022. Ngarndinon. Madjissembaye.
  30. Cabore. Joseph Waogodo. Karamagi. Humphrey Cyprian. Kipruto. Hillary Kipchumba. Mungatu. Joseph Kyalo. Asamani. James Avoka. Droti. Benson. Titi-ofei. Regina. Seydi. Aminata Binetou Wahebine. Kidane. Solyana Ngusbrhan. Balde. Thierno. Gueye. Abdou Salam. Makubalo. Lindiwe. Moeti. Matshidiso R. COVID-19 in the 47 countries of the WHO African region: a modelling analysis of past trends and future patterns. The Lancet Global Health. 1 June 2022. 10 . 8 . e1099–e1114. 10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00233-9. 35659911 . 9159735 . 249241026 . 2 June 2022.
  31. Bilan hebdomadaire № 052 de la situation épidémiologique de la covid-19, 2 January 2023.
  32. Web site: Weekly bulletin on outbreaks and other emergencies. World Health Organization. 24 December 2023. 10.
  33. Web site: Coronavirus-free Chad shuts borders, airports. The Cable. 2020-03-17. 2020-03-17. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20200317211606/https://www.thecable.ng/coronavirus-free-chad-shuts-borders-airports. 17 March 2020. live.
  34. Web site: Chad to close airports over coronavirus fears. Medical Xpress. 2020-03-16. 2020-03-17. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20200317211556/https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-chad-airports-coronavirus.html. 17 March 2020. live.
  35. Web site: Policy Responses to COVID19. 2021-03-24. IMF. en.
  36. Lawal. Yakubu. 2021-01-01. Africa's low COVID-19 mortality rate: A paradox?. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. English. 102. 118–122. 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.038. 1201-9712. 7566670. 33075535.
  37. News: 8 June 2017. Chad, China: China Supports WFP Food Assistance In Chad.. TendersInfo News.