List of communist parties in Nepal explained

The Communist Party of Nepal is a name used by a number of Nepalese political parties claiming allegiance to communism. Most trace their roots back to the original Communist Party of Nepal formed in 1949.

Active parties

National parties

Political partyLeaderFoundedFederal ParliamentProvincial AssembliesLocal governmentNotes
Pratinidhi SabhaRastriya Sabha
Communist Party of Nepal (UML)[1] Khadga Prasad Oli1991
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)Pushpa Kamal Dahal1994

Other parliamentary parties

NameLeaderFoundedFederal ParliamentProvincial AssembliesLocal governmentNotes
Pratinidhi SabhaRastriya Sabha
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)Madhav Kumar Nepal2021Split from CPN (UML)
Rastriya Janamorcha[2] Chitra Bahadur K.C.2006
Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party[3] Narayan Man Bijukchhe1975
  • Split from the CPN (Pushpa Lal)
  • Originally founded as Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization

Minor parties

NameLeaderNotes
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist)[4] Chandra Prakash MainaliSplit from the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist)[5] Mohan BaidyaSplit from the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
Communist Party of Nepal[6] Rishi kattelFormed through a merger of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), the Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Samajbadi), the Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist), the Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Bidrohi ML and the Independent Thought Group
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist-Socialist)Bishnu Raj Aryal
Nepal Communist PartyNetra Bikram Chand[7] Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist)Not registered with the Election Commission of Nepal
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)Ambika Prasad Baidya
Communist Party of Nepal (Masal)Mohan Bikram Singh[8] [9] Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal)
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)[10] Gopal KiratiSplit from the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)
Patriotic People's Republican FrontChandra Prakash GajurelElectoral front of Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist)[11]
Communist Party of Nepal (United)Chandra Dev JoshiSplit from Communist Party of Nepal (United)
Scientific Socialist Communist Party, NepalBishwabhakta DulalSplit from Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)[12]
Communist Party of Nepal NationalistMin Nath Devkota
Maoist Communist Party, NepalRam Narayan Prasad Pal
Communist Party of Nepal Marxist (Pushpalal)Man Dhoj Gurung
Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic)Sudeep Ruwali
Communist Party of Nepal (Socialist)Raju Karki
Communist Party of Nepal (Gauravshali)Bhaviswor Parajuli
Communist Party of Nepal Maoist SocialistKarna Jeet Bhudhathoki
Communist Party of Nepal Unity National CampaignBamdev GautamSplit from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Bolshevik)

Defunct parties

!Name!Foundation Year!Dissolution Year!Notes
Communist League1946
Communist Party of Nepal19491962Split into Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) and Communist Party of Nepal (Raymajhi)
Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya)1962199219911994Split from Communist Party of NepalMerged with Communist Party of Nepal (Burma) and Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United)

Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United) in 1992 to refound the party

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Burma)1962199219912001Split from Communist Party of NepalOriginally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (Raymajhi)

Renamed in 1983 as Communist Party of Nepal (Burma)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) and Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United)

Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United) in 1992 to refound the party

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)19681987Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya)Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)
Nepal Revolutionary Organisation (Marxist–Leninist)19731975Founded All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention)19741990Split from Central NucleusMerged with Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)
Proletarian Revolutionary Organisation, Nepal19741978Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)Originally formed as Communist Unity Contact Forum Nepal

Renamed to Proletarian Revolutionary Organization, Nepal in 1976

Merged into Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization

All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist–Leninist)19751978Founded from Nepal Revolutionary Organization (Marxist-Leninist)Founded Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)
Mukti Morcha Samuha19761977Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)Merged into All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist)19781991Founded from All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic)19791991Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Raymajhi)Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (Manandhar)

Renamed to Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) in 1991

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Burma) and Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United)

Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan)19791986Split from Central NucleusOriginally formed as Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Conference)

Renamed to Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) in 1982

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)

Rebel Unity Centre19801981Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention)Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)
Proletarian Communist League19801983Split from Ati Gopyatabadi GroupFormed Proletarian Workers Organization with a splinter group of Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist)19812005Originally founded as Nepal Marxist-Leninist PartyMerged with Communist Party of Nepal (Malema) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre)
Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation (Hareram Sharma)19811981Split from Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation
Nepal Front1981Split from Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization (Hareram Sharma)
Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation (D.P. Singh)19811986Split from Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation (Hareram Sharma)Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Matri Samuha)19831984Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Burma)
Communist Party of Nepal (Masal)19832001Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention)Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal)
Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal)19841991Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Masal)Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)19861991Founded through the merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) and Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)19912001Founded through the merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal) and Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention)Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal)
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)19912005Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (15 September 1949)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (United) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist)

Communist Party of Nepal (United)19912005Founded through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Burma), Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) and Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic)Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)19912018Founded through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) and Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) to form Nepal Communist Party

Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)19942018Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)

Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

Renamed in 2008 as Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

Renamed in 2016 as Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) to form Nepal Communist Party

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist)19982002Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Masal)19992009Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Masal)Merged with Communist Party of Nepal
Communist Party of Nepal (Malema)19992005Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist)Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre)
Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre–Masal)20022009Formed through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) and Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) to form Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist Centre)20052007Formed through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) and Communist Party of Nepal (Malema)Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist)20052013Formed through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) and Communist Party of Nepal (United)Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), Communist Party of Nepal Marxist-Leninist (Socialist), Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Birodhi Marxist-Leninist and Independent Thought Group to form Communist Party of Nepal
Communist Party of Nepal20062006Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal)Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified)20072013Formed through merger of splinter groups of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist), Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal) and Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre)Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist), Communist Party of Nepal Marxist-Leninist (Socialist), Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Birodhi Marxist-Leninist and Independent Thought Group to form Communist Party of Nepal
Communist Party of Nepal (United)20072017Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist)Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)
Revolutionary Left Wing2008Split from Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)20092016Split from Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)Merged with Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)
Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Socialist)20102013Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist), Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Birodhi Marxist-Leninist and Independent Thought Group to form Communist Party of Nepal
Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist)20132017
Nepal Communist Party20192021Formed through merger of CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre)
Barre Sangarsh SamuhaSplit from Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)
Central Nucleus
Communist Party of Nepal (Janamukhi)
Independent Thought Group
Marxist Communist Party of Nepal
Marxist–Leninist Revolutionary Communist Party
Nepal Communist LeagueSplit from Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan)Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)
Nepal Red Communist PartySplit from Communist League
Nepal Samyabadi Dal
Rebel Marxist–Leninist
Revolutionary Communist Organisation, Nepal1980Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)
Revolutionary Communist Organising Committee1978Merged into All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)
Sandesh Samuha1978Merged into All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2021-03-08 . Nepal top court quashes 2018 formation of ruling Nepal Communist Party . 2021-08-02 . The Indian Express . en.
  2. Web site: राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा, Rastriya Janamorcha - RAJAMO, National Peoples' Front. www.rajamo.org. 23 June 2017. 23 June 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170623004621/http://rajamo.org/. dead.
  3. Web site: नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी – नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी. nwpp.org.np. en-US. 23 June 2017. 27 May 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170527151003/http://nwpp.org.np/nwpponline. dead.
  4. Web site: Communist Party of Nepal Marxist Leninist . 23 June 2017 . www.cpnml.org.np.
  5. Web site: CPN-Revolutionary Maoist forms Morcha to take part in election. Dainik Nepal. 23 June 2017. 25 May 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180525132809/http://www.dainiknepal.com/2016/09/184789.html. dead.
  6. News: Unified left to find an alternative name; 'Nepal Communist Party' taken - The Himalayan Times. 20 February 2018. The Himalayan Times. 8 April 2018. en-US.
  7. News: Nepali CPN-Maoist splits, General Secretary Netra Bikram Chand leaves party. PTI. 24 November 2014. The Economic Times. 23 June 2017.
  8. Web site: Mohan Bikram Singh falls ill, Nepal PM pledges medical aid – OnlineKhabar. 23 June 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170129205739/http://english.onlinekhabar.com/2017/01/29/394764. 29 January 2017. dead.
  9. Web site: English मोहन बिक्रम सिंह. www.mohanbikramsingh.com. en. 23 June 2017. 16 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220316125346/http://www.mohanbikramsingh.com/english.html. dead.
  10. Web site: Fringe communist parties launch a movement against the ruling Nepal Communist Party, calling them 'fascists'. 30 November 2020. kathmandupost.com. en.
  11. Web site: Baidya-led Maoist forms Morcha to contest election. 30 November 2020. kathmandupost.com. en.
  12. Web site: 5 May 2018. मार्क्स दिवसमा जन्मियो नयाँ कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी, को-को छन् आहुति नेतृत्वको पार्टीमा (सूचिसहित). 30 November 2020. Sajha Post. 30 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190630171246/http://www.sajhapost.com/2018/05/05/114360.html. dead.