Charles Augustus Doyen | |
Birth Date: | 3 September 1859 |
Birth Place: | Concord, New Hampshire, United States |
Death Place: | Quantico, Virginia, United States |
Placeofburial: | Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia, United States |
Allegiance: | United States |
Branch: | United States Marine Corps |
Serviceyears: | 1881–1918 |
Rank: | Brigadier general |
Commands: | 2nd Marine Regiment 1st Marine Brigade 5th Marine Regiment 4th Marine Brigade 2nd Division |
Battles: | Philippine–American War World War I |
Awards: | Navy Distinguished Service Medal |
Brigadier General Charles Augustus Doyen (September 3, 1859 − October 6, 1918) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps (USMC). He is notable for having commanded the 4th Marine Brigade during World War I and was the first recipient of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal.
After the American entry into World War I in April 1917, Doyen had been chosen to command the 5th Marine Regiment, which had been the first unit of the USMC to be sent to France, having arrived there in June 1917, along with the first elements of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF). Shortly afterwards, Doyen received a promotion to brigadier general. The 4th Marine Brigade was created with the arrival in France of the 6th Marine Regiment and the 6th Machine Gun Battalion, in addition to the 5th Marines, with Doyen being given command of the brigade towards the end of October 1917. The brigade eventually became part of the 2nd Division of the United States Army, which began to be formed at around the same time. A headquarters for the division began forming. Doyen, then the most senior officer present, assumed temporary command until the first week of November when Major General Omar Bundy, U.S. Army, took over, with Doyen reverting to control of the 4th Marine Brigade. Although brief, he was still the first marine officer to command a division.
The next few weeks and months were to gain Doyen a reputation as an excellent trainer of troops. Knowing what his men would face when they ultimately engaged in combat, he worked strenuously to prepare his mostly green and inexperienced men for that task. In doing so, however, his health was badly affected. He remained in command of his beloved brigade only until May 1918 when a medical board declared him to be medically unfit for any further active service abroad. Brigadier General James Harbord, U.S. Army, former chief of staff of the AEF, soon took over the brigade. The brigade soon found itself fighting at Belleau Wood and its performance there and in other battles that were yet to come were a tribute to Doyen and his efforts to prepare his marines.
Soon after his return to the United States he was placed in command of the Marine Corps Training Camp and the Marine Barracks located at Quantico, Virginia. It was here where his experience as a trainer was put to good use as he trained officers and men for overseas service. It was cut short, however, as, his health having been severely weakened by his time in France, he was struck by the Spanish influenza (or Spanish flu) which plagued the world at the time and he died of bronchial pneumonia on October 6, 1918, shortly after turning 59.[1] He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
Not long after his death, the Navy Department presented Doyen's wife with the first ever Navy Distinguished Service Medal, in recognition of her husband's distinguished efforts during the war. The citation for the medal reads:
Two ships have been named USS Doyen for him.