Chausath Yogini Temple, Mitaoli Explained

Chausath Yogini Temple
Native Name:Ekattarso Mahadeva
Religious Affiliation:Hinduism
Location:Morena
State:Madhya Pradesh
Country:India
Map Type:India Madhya Pradesh#India
Map Size:200
Coordinates:26.4368°N 78.2352°W

The Chausath Yogini Temple, Mitaoli, also known as Ekattarso Mahadeva Temple, is an 11th-century temple in Morena district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Build during Kachchhapaghata reign, it is one of the well-preserved Yogini temples in India. The temple is formed by a circular wall with 65 chambers, apparently for 64 yoginis and the goddess Devi, and an open mandapa in the centre of a circular courtyard, sacred to Shiva.

Context: Yogini temples

See main article: Yogini temples.

The Yogini shrines are usually circular enclosures, and they are hypaethral, open to the sky, unlike most Indian temples. This is because they were designed for communion with yoginis, thought to be capable of flight. Inside the circular wall are niches, most often 64, containing statues of female figures, the yoginis. Their bodies are described as beautiful, but their heads are often those of animals. Yogini temples normally stood somewhat outside the main group of temples, and at the highest point of the site.

History

The Chausath Yogini temple is in Mitaoli village, Morena district, Madhya Pradesh.[1] [2] According to an inscription dated to 1323 CE (Vikram Samvat 1383),[3] the temple was built by the Kachchhapaghata king Devapala .[4] It is said that the temple was the venue of providing education in astrology and mathematics based on the transit of the Sun.[1] [2]

The Archaeological Survey of India has declared the temple an ancient and historical monument under Act No. LXXI of 1951, dt.28/11/1951.[1]

Features

The temple is on a hill about in height; there are 100 steps to climb up to the entrance. It is circular with a radius of,[5] while inside it has 65 small chambers, each with a mandapa which is open and a facia of pilasters and pillars. The roof of the ring of shrines is flat, as is that of the central shrine to Shiva; the circular courtyard is hypaethral, open to the sky, with an open porch as its entrance. The parliament building of India is said to have been based on this temple.[1]

The exterior surface of the outer wall, unlike other Yogini temples which are quite plain outside, was decorated with statues of couples flanked by maidens, mostly now lost or badly damaged.[2]

Each of the chambers around the inside of the perimeter wall now contains an image of Shiva. However, originally these contained 64 Yogini images and probably one image of the great goddess Devi. The temple is therefore known as Chausath Yogini Temple (Chausath being the Hindi for "Sixty four"[6]). It is said that the roofs over the 64 chambers and the central shrine had towers or shikharas, as those at the Chausath Yogini Temple, Khajuraho still do, but that these were removed during later modifications.[1] The central shrine's roofing slabs are perforated to allow rainwater to drain through pipes to a large underground tank.[2]

The temple is in the Seismic Zone III region and has survived several earthquakes, seemingly without any serious damage. This fact was cited when the issue of safety from earthquake effect of the circular Parliament House, its design supposedly based on the Mitaoli temple, was debated in the Indian Parliament.[7] [8]

See also

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Ekattarso Mahadeva Temple . Archaeological Survey of India . 27 December 2017 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171019215947/http://www.asibhopal.nic.in/monument/morena_mitaoli_ekattarsoma.html . 19 October 2017.
  2. News: History Hunting . 21 July 2013 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150728013806/http://www.dailypioneer.com/sunday-edition/agenda/travel/history-hunting.html . 28 July 2015.
  3. Web site: Research Proposal On "Birth of Women Dacoits A Case Study of U.P. and M.P." . National Informatics Centre, Government of India . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121106014842/http://wcd.nic.in/research/birth_of_women_dacoit.doc . 6 November 2012.
  4. Book: White, David Gordon . Kiss of the Yogini . David Gordon White . University of Chicago Press . 2006 . 978-0226027838 . 137 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161002043220/https://books.google.ca/books?id=5RwARVMg2_4C&pg=PA137 . 2 October 2016.
  5. Web site: Mitawali. . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20151109180332/http://morena.nic.in/VisitingMitawali.html . 2015-11-09.
  6. News: Chausath Yogini Temple: A striking similarity to the Indian Parliament . New Delhi Television (NDTV) . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150717164540/http://www.ndtv.com/photos/news/chausath-yogini-temple-a-striking-similarity-to-the-indian-parliament-16399#photo-211961 . 2015-07-17.
  7. News: Government should have confidence in this House . 9 August 2012 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180320164842/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/government-should-have-confidence-in-this-house/article3744277.ece . 20 March 2018.
  8. News: Chausath Yogini Temple: A striking similarity to the Indian Parliament, Photo Gallery . 12 November 2013 . NDTV.com . 11 November 2020.