Black Sea Shipyard Explained

Black Sea Shipyard
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Type:Shipyard
Industry:Shipbuilding
Fate:Bankruptcy[1] [2] [3]
Predecessors:Nikolayev Shipbuilding, Mechanical, and Iron Works; Associated Nikolayev (Naval) Shipyard; Andre Marti (South) Yard (Shipyard No. 198); Shipyard No. 444 (in the name of I. I. Nosenko); Chernomorsky Shipyard
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Founded: in Mykolaiv (at the time known as Nikolayev), Russian Empire
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Defunct:[4] [5] [6]
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Parent:Ukroboronprom

The Black Sea Shipyard (Ukrainian: Чорноморський суднобудівний завод; Russian: Черноморский судостроительный завод) was a shipbuilding facility in Mykolaiv, Ukraine, on the southern tip of the Mykolaiv peninsula. It was founded in 1895 by Belgian interests and began building warships in 1901. At the beginning of World War I in 1914, it was one of the largest industrial facilities in the Russian Empire. The shipyard was moribund in the first decades of the Soviet Union until the Soviets began building up their fleet in the 1930s and it began building surface warships as well as submarines. The yard was badly damaged during World War II and took several years to be rebuilt. Surface warship construction temporarily ended in the mid-1950s before being revived in the mid-1960s and submarines were last built in the yard in late 1950s. The Black Sea Shipyard built all of the aircraft carrying ships of the USSR and Russia and continued before it was liquidated by the economic court of Mykolaiv Oblast on June 25, 2021.[7] [8] [9]

History

In 1895, the shipyard was established as the Association of Shipyards and Foundry Works (Russian: Obshchestvo sudostroitel'nykh i liteinykh zavodov) -  - a Belgian-owned company and began building warships in 1901. It was merged with the Black Sea Mechanical and Foundry Works (Russian: Chernomorskii mekhanicheskii i liteinyi zavod) in 1908 and was renamed Associated Nikolaev Shipbuilding, Mechanical and Iron Works (Russian: Nikolaevskoe obshchestvo sudostroitel'nykh, mekhanicheskikh i liteinykh zavodov) in 1908. It came under the control of Share Society Nikolaev Works and Shipyards (Russian: Aktsionernoe obshchstvo Nikolaevskikh zavodov i verfei (ONZiV)) in 1911 and was nicknamed the "Naval Shipyard". Around this time it was supported by the British armaments company of Vickers Limited. By 1914 the shipyard employed some 10,400 workers, which made it one of the largest industrial firms in Russia.[10] [11] [12]

After the war, it was renamed the Black Sea Shipbuilding Works (Russian: Chernomorskii sudostroitel'nyi zavod) when it came under the control of the Bolsheviks. During the 1930s it was renamed in honor of André Marti and became the Marti (South) Yard. On 30 December 1936, the yard was redesignated as Shipyard No. 198 (named for Marti).[10] During these early years, the yard constructed surface warships and Dekabrist-class submarines.

In January 1938, Vyacheslav Molotov, the Chairman of the People’s Commissar Council, declared the following:[13]

It was then the government introduced the 10-year Big Shipbuilding Program. The plan included the construction of battleships and heavy cruisers which would represent the ocean might and strength of the country.[13]

On 19 October 1940, the government decided to terminate battleship and heavy cruiser construction. It was ordered to concentrate all their efforts on small-size and medium-size warship construction. However, the completion of ships of various previously laid down classes continued. On the whole, the Soviet shipbuilding was once again re-directed for submarine and light surface ship construction. Nevertheless,[13] by the 1950s, an estimated 65 Whiskey-class submarines, Sverdlov-class light cruisers,[14] and the Stalingrad-class battlecruiser were built.

During the 1960s, the Moskva-class helicopter carriers and the Kiev-class VSTOL aircraft carrying cruisers were constructed.[14] The fourth Kiev-class, Admiral Gorshkov, was launched in 1982 and later, in 1985, the first Kuznetsov-class, Admiral Kuznetsov, was launched. The Admiral Kuznetsovs hull design is based on the Admiral Gorshkov but is larger with a full load displacement, 58,500 tons as compared to Admiral Gorshkovs 40,400 tons.[15] KH-11 satellite photographs of the construction of the Admiral Kuznetsov were leaked to Jane's Defence Weekly in 1985 by Samuel Loring Morison, a naval intelligence analyst with the U.S. Navy.

Commercial ships and naval auxiliaries were, and continue to be constructed there. Commercial ships are primarily dry-cargo ships, fish-factory ships, and large trawlers.[14] In the late 1970s, the shipyard constructed two large trawlers for the State Committee of Fisheries of Ukraine.[16]

Facilities and services

The State joint stock company Chernomorsudoproekt is one of the leading ship design firms in Ukraine. The firm was founded in 1956 around the design personnel of Nikolayev shipbuilding enterprises.[16] The enterprise has built and exported vessels to Sweden, Bulgaria, Norway, Romania, Great Britain, Germany, Portugal, Kuwait, India and Greece.

The shipyard had two main areas covering 500acres. The first slipway (No. 0) had end-launch building ways and blocking docks. The second was a horizontal building slip (No. 1) with a covered launch.

LengthWidthLifting Capacity
Slipway No. 0 330m (1,080feet) 40m (130feet)Two Kone(cranes) gantry cranes each capable of lifting up to 900 800 tons
Slipway No. 1 400m (1,300feet) 18m (59feet) Horizontal, launching effected with the help of floating dock
Floating dock 120m (390feet) 41.5m (136.2feet) Up to 7,500 tons
3 quays 860m (2,820feet) total - Portal cranes with a lifting capacity of 25-40 tons

The largest slipway (No.0) was capable of constructing tankers, bulk carriers, supply vessels, and roll-on/roll-off ships.[16] There was also a high-capacity pre-slipway area of 14000m2, where blocks up to 1500t could be assembled.

The second slipway (No.1) was a flow-position line, located in the sheltered slipway and was actually a closed-loop autonomous production line. Launching of vessels was effected with the help of the floating dock. The final fitting-out was performed near the South outfitting quay which was 546m (1,791feet).

The shipyard consisted of several workshops to include: the slipway workshop, assembly and welding workshop, plating workshop, and an outfitting workshop.[16] The assembly and welding workshop was capable of manufacturing flat and volumetric sections up to 180t.[16]

According to their public website, the shipyard also included:

As of 2008 the shipyard was a major enterprise consisting of shipbuilding, machine-building, and metallurgy. The shipyard had its own design center with a qualified engineering staff and modern computer equipment. Their integrated shipbuilding system (FORAN) included computer-aided design (CAD), engineering (CAE), and manufacturing (CAM) of vessels.[17]

Vessels

Vessels constructed in this shipyard were numerous. The table below lists many of these vessels to include when they were laid and launched.

Notable vessels[18]
Imperial Russian Navy (1696–1917) • Soviet Navy (1917–1991)
NameLaid downLaunchedClass (NATO)Type
Krabalign=center 1908?align=center 1912-
Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikayaalign=center 1911align=center 1914Imperatritsa MariyaBattleship
Bespokoinyalign=center 1912align=center 1913DerzkyDestroyer
Gnevnyalign=center 1912align=center 1913
Derzkyalign=center 1913align=center 1914
Pronzitelnyalign=center 1913align=center 1914
Imperator Nikolai Ialign=center 1915align=center 1916Imperator Nikolai IBattleship
Fidonisyalign=center 1915align=center 1916FidonisyDestroyer
Gadzhibeyalign=center 1915align=center 1916
Kaliakriaalign=center 1915align=center 1916
Kerchalign=center 1915align=center 1916
Korfualign=center 1916align=center 1917
Levkasalign=center 1916align=center 1917
Tserigoalign=center 1915align=center 1916
Zantealign=center 1916align=center 1917
Revolutsioneralign=center 1927align=center 1929DekabristSubmarine
Spartakovetsalign=center 1927align=center 1929
Yakobinetsalign=center 1927align=center 1929
Kharkovalign=center 1932align=center 1934Leningrad (Project 1)Destroyer Leader
Moskvaalign=center 1932align=center 1934
Bodryalign=center 1935align=center 1936Gnevnyy
Boykyalign=center 1935align=center 1936
Bystryalign=center 1936align=center 1936
Besposhchadnyalign=center 1936align=center 1936
Voroshilovalign=center 1936align=center 1939Kirov (Project 26)
Molotovalign=center 1937align=center 1939Kirov (Project 26bis)
Sovetskaya Ukrainaalign=center 1938align=center DestroyedSovetskiy Soyuz (Project 23)Battleship
Kievalign=center 1931align=center 1941Kiev (Project 48)Destroyer Leader
Erevanalign=center 1931align=center 1941
Kuybyshevalign=center 1939align=center 1950Light cruiser
Frunzealign=center 1939align=center 1950
Dzerzhinskyalign=center 1948align=center 1950Sverdlov (Project 68bis)Light cruiser
Stalingradalign=center 1949align=center CancelledStalingrad (Project 82)Battlecruiser
Admiral Nakhimovalign=center 1950align=center 1951Sverdlov (Project 68bis)Light cruiser
Mikhail Kutuzovalign=center 1951align=center 1952
Admiral Kornilovalign=center 1951align=center 1954
Moskvaalign=center 1962align=center 1965Moskva (CVHG)Helicopter carrier
Leningradalign=center 1962align=center 1965
Akademik Sergei Korolevalign=center ?align=center 1970KorolevSpace Control-Monitoring
Kievalign=center 1970align=center 1972KievAircraft carrier
Minskalign=center 1972align=center 1975
Novorossiyskalign=center 1975align=center 1978
Admiral Gorshkov[19] align=center 1978align=center 1982
Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union N.G. Kuznetsov[20] align=center 1983align=center 1985Kuznetsov
Varyag[21] align=center 1985align=center 1988
Ulyanovskalign=center 1988align=center CancelledUlyanovsk
Notes: NATO class only shown if applicable; classes of vessels launched before 1949 are provided as originally designated. Most vessel names provided is the name given when launched - some ships may have since been renamed.

See also

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: ru. Ликвидирован один из старейших судостроительных заводов Украины. sharij.net. 2021-07-05. 2023-12-24.
  2. Web site: ru. На Украине ликвидирован завод, построивший все советские авианосцы. «Незалежная» разбазарила все судостроительное наследство СССР. mk.ru. 2021-07-05. 2023-12-24.
  3. Web site: ru. уникальный судостроительный завод на Украине довели до краха. ria.ru. 2021-10-11. 2023-12-24.
  4. Web site: ru. Ликвидирован один из старейших судостроительных заводов Украины. sharij.net. 2021-07-05. 2023-12-24.
  5. Web site: ru. На Украине ликвидирован завод, построивший все советские авианосцы. «Незалежная» разбазарила все судостроительное наследство СССР. mk.ru. 2021-07-05. 2023-12-24.
  6. Web site: ru. уникальный судостроительный завод на Украине довели до краха. ria.ru. 2021-10-11. 2023-12-24.
  7. Web site: ru. Ликвидирован один из старейших судостроительных заводов Украины. sharij.net. 2021-07-05. 2023-12-24.
  8. Web site: ru. На Украине ликвидирован завод, построивший все советские авианосцы. «Незалежная» разбазарила все судостроительное наследство СССР. mk.ru. 2021-07-05. 2023-12-24.
  9. Web site: ru. уникальный судостроительный завод на Украине довели до краха. ria.ru. 2021-10-11. 2023-12-24.
  10. Harrison, et al.
  11. Breyer, pp. 147–48
  12. Polmar & Noor, p. 326
  13. The Soviet Navy at the Outbreak and During the Great Patriotic War: Introduction, RusNavy.com Online (Retrieved 6/9/2008)
  14. Polmar, pp. 405–06
  15. Kuznetsov Class (Type 1143.5) Heavy Aircraft Carrying Cruiser, Russia, Naval-technology.com, (Accessed 6/4/2008), SPG Media PLC
  16. Chernomorsky Plant, GlobalSecurity.org Website, (Accessed 6/4/2008)
  17. http://www.chsz.mksat.net/index.html?locale=en Official Chernomorsky Shipbuilding Yard Website
  18. Web site: Warships of the Black Sea Fleet.
  19. Originally Baku, later sold to India as
  20. Originally Riga then renamed Leonid Brezhnev in 1990
  21. sold incomplete to the PRC, commissioned as Liaoning