FXR1 explained
Fragile X mental retardation syndrome-related protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FXR1 gene.[1] [2] [3]
The protein encoded by this gene is an RNA binding protein that interacts with the functionally similar proteins FMR1 and FXR2. These proteins shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm and associate with polyribosomes, predominantly with the 60S ribosomal subunit. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Interactions
FXR1 has been shown to interact with FXR2,[4] [5] FMR1[4] [5] and CYFIP2.[6]
Further reading
- Zhang Y, O'Connor JP, Siomi MC . The fragile X mental retardation syndrome protein interacts with novel homologs FXR1 and FXR2 . EMBO J. . 14 . 21 . 5358–66 . 1996 . 7489725 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00220.x. 394645 . etal.
- Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
- Coy JF, Sedlacek Z, Bächner D . Highly conserved 3' UTR and expression pattern of FXR1 points to a divergent gene regulation of FXR1 and FMR1 . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 4 . 12 . 2209–18 . 1996 . 8634689 . 10.1093/hmg/4.12.2209 . etal.
- Siomi MC, Zhang Y, Siomi H, Dreyfuss G . Specific sequences in the fragile X syndrome protein FMR1 and the FXR proteins mediate their binding to 60S ribosomal subunits and the interactions among them . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 16 . 7 . 3825–32 . 1996 . 8668200 . 10.1128/mcb.16.7.3825. 231379 .
- Tamanini F, Willemsen R, van Unen L . Differential expression of FMR1, FXR1 and FXR2 proteins in human brain and testis . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 6 . 8 . 1315–22 . 1997 . 9259278 . 10.1093/hmg/6.8.1315 . etal. free . 1765/8709 . free .
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 . etal.
- Khandjian EW, Bardoni B, Corbin F . Novel isoforms of the fragile X related protein FXR1P are expressed during myogenesis . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 7 . 13 . 2121–8 . 1999 . 9817930 . 10.1093/hmg/7.13.2121 . etal.
- Tamanini F, Bontekoe C, Bakker CE . Different targets for the fragile X-related proteins revealed by their distinct nuclear localizations . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 8 . 5 . 863–9 . 1999 . 10196376 . 10.1093/hmg/8.5.863 . etal. free . 1765/9073 . free .
- Tamanini F, Van Unen L, Bakker C . Oligomerization properties of fragile-X mental-retardation protein (FMRP) and the fragile-X-related proteins FXR1P and FXR2P . Biochem. J. . 343 . 3. 517–23 . 2000 . 10527928 . 10.1042/0264-6021:3430517. 1220581 . etal.
- Bardoni B, Schenck A, Mandel JL . A novel RNA-binding nuclear protein that interacts with the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) protein . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 8 . 13 . 2557–66 . 2000 . 10556305 . 10.1093/hmg/8.13.2557 . free .
- Ceman S, Brown V, Warren ST . Isolation of an FMRP-Associated Messenger Ribonucleoprotein Particle and Identification of Nucleolin and the Fragile X-Related Proteins as Components of the Complex . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 19 . 12 . 7925–32 . 2000 . 10567518 . 10.1128/mcb.19.12.7925. 84877 .
- Tamanini F, Kirkpatrick LL, Schonkeren J . The fragile X-related proteins FXR1P and FXR2P contain a functional nucleolar-targeting signal equivalent to the HIV-1 regulatory proteins . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 9 . 10 . 1487–93 . 2000 . 10888599 . 10.1093/hmg/9.10.1487 . etal. free . 1765/9408 . free .
- Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA . DNA Cloning Using In Vitro Site-Specific Recombination . Genome Res. . 10 . 11 . 1788–95 . 2001 . 11076863 . 10.1101/gr.143000 . 310948 .
- Schenck A, Bardoni B, Moro A . A highly conserved protein family interacting with the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and displaying selective interactions with FMRP-related proteins FXR1P and FXR2P . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 98 . 15 . 8844–9 . 2001 . 11438699 . 10.1073/pnas.151231598 . 37523 . etal. 2001PNAS...98.8844S . free .
- Kirkpatrick LL, McIlwain KA, Nelson DL . Comparative genomic sequence analysis of the FXR gene family: FMR1, FXR1, and FXR2 . Genomics . 78 . 3 . 169–77 . 2002 . 11735223 . 10.1006/geno.2001.6667 .
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . etal. 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
- Imabayashi H, Mori T, Gojo S . Redifferentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes and chondrogenesis of human bone marrow stromal cells via chondrosphere formation with expression profiling by large-scale cDNA analysis . Exp. Cell Res. . 288 . 1 . 35–50 . 2003 . 12878157 . 10.1016/S0014-4827(03)00130-7 . etal.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
Notes and References
- Siomi MC, Siomi H, Sauer WH, Srinivasan S, Nussbaum RL, Dreyfuss G . FXR1, an autosomal homolog of the fragile X mental retardation gene . EMBO J . 14 . 11 . 2401–8 . July 1995 . 7781595 . 398353 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07237.x.
- Bolivar J, Guelman S, Iglesias C, Ortiz M, Valdivia MM . The fragile-X-related gene FXR1 is a human autoantigen processed during apoptosis . J Biol Chem . 273 . 27 . 17122–7 . August 1998 . 9642279 . 10.1074/jbc.273.27.17122 . free .
- Web site: Entrez Gene: FXR1 fragile X mental retardation, autosomal homolog 1.
- Siomi . M C . Zhang Y . Siomi H . Dreyfuss G . July 1996 . Specific sequences in the fragile X syndrome protein FMR1 and the FXR proteins mediate their binding to 60S ribosomal subunits and the interactions among them . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 16 . 7 . 3825–32 . 0270-7306. 8668200 . 231379 . 10.1128/mcb.16.7.3825.
- Zhang . Y . O'Connor J P . Siomi M C . Srinivasan S . Dutra A . Nussbaum R L . Dreyfuss G . November 1995 . The fragile X mental retardation syndrome protein interacts with novel homologs FXR1 and FXR2 . EMBO J. . 14 . 21 . 5358–66 . 0261-4189. 7489725 . 394645 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00220.x .
- Schenck A, Bardoni B, Moro A, Bagni C, Mandel JL . A highly conserved protein family interacting with the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and displaying selective interactions with FMRP-related proteins FXR1P and FXR2P . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 98 . 15 . 8844–9 . Jul 2001 . 11438699 . 37523 . 10.1073/pnas.151231598 . 2001PNAS...98.8844S . free .