Church of the Immaculate Conception, Farm Street explained

Farm Street Church
Fullname:Church of the Immaculate Conception,
Farm Street
Pushpin Map:United Kingdom London Westminster
Pushpin Mapsize:257x240
Map Caption:Location of church within Westminster, London
Coordinates:51.5095°N -0.1491°W
Osgraw:TQ2854580577
Location:Mayfair, London
Country:United Kingdom
Denomination:Roman Catholic
Religious Order:Society of Jesus
Website:farmstreet.org.uk
Founder:Randal Lythgoe SJ
Dedication:Immaculate Conception of Mary
Consecrated Date:31 July 1849
Status:Active
Functional Status:Parish church
Heritage Designation:Grade II*
Designated Date:24 February 1958[1]
Architect:Joseph John Scoles
Style:Gothic Revival
Groundbreaking:1844
Completed Date:1849
Deanery:Marylebone[2]
Archdiocese:Westminster
Province:Westminster
Archbishop:Vincent Nichols
Priest:Dominic Robinson SJ
Director:David Graham
Organist:Duncan Aspden

The Church of the Immaculate Conception, Farm Street, also known as Farm Street Church, is a Catholic parish church run by the Society of Jesus in Mayfair, Central London, England.[3]

Its main entrance is in Farm Street, though it can also be accessed from the adjacent Mount Street Gardens. Sir Simon Jenkins, in his book England's Thousand Best Churches, describes the church as "Gothic Revival at its most sumptuous".[4]

History

Foundation

In the 1840s, when the Jesuits first began looking for a location for their London church, they found the site in the mews of a back street. The name 'Farm Street' derives from 'Hay Hill Farm' which, in the eighteenth century, extended from Hill Street eastward beyond Berkeley Square.[5] In 1843, Pope Gregory XVI received a petition from English Catholics for permission to erect a Jesuit Church in London and plans were accepted.[6]

Construction

The original intention of the Superior of the English Jesuits, Fr Randal Lythgoe, was for the church to have a capacity for 900 people. When this was found too expensive the church was built for a capacity of 475. The cost was £5,800 which came from multiple private benefactors.[6] [5]

In 1844 the foundation stone was laid by Fr Lythgoe. Because of the limited size of the plot, the church was orientated north-south. The architect was Joseph John Scoles, who also designed the Church of St Francis Xavier in Liverpool, St Ignatius Church in Preston, and was father of Ignatius Scoles SJ, another architect, who designed St Wilfrid's Church also in Preston. Five years later on 31 July 1849, the feast of the Jesuit founder St Ignatius, the church was officially opened.[6]

The style is decorated gothic and the front of the church, towards Farm Street, is inspired by that of Beauvais Cathedral. The high altar was designed by Augustus Pugin.[4] [6] Above Pugin's high altar are two mosaic panels depicting the Annunciation and the Coronation of the Virgin by Salviati.[7] [8]

In 1912, the original stained glass window of the choir, which was the tarnished by pollution, was replaced a new one from the John Hardman Trading Company of Birmingham. Tho old window was cleaned, repaired and then sold to St Agnes Church in Lac-Mégantic, in Quebec, Canada.[9]

The church was remodelled in 1951 by Adrian Gilbert Scott, following damage sustained by the building during the Second World War.[6] In 1966, it became the parish church of Mayfair. [10]

In his 1999 book England's Thousand Best Churches, Sir Simon Jenkins awards the church two stars but says "Not an inch of wall surface is without decoration, and this in the austere 1840s, not the colourful late-Victorian era. The right aisle carries large panels portraying the Stations of the Cross. The left aisle has side chapels and confessionals, ingeniously carved within the piers. In the west window above the gallery is excellent modern glass by Evie Hone of 1953, with the richness of colour of a Burne-Jones."[4]

Developments

In March 2013 the church opened its doors to LGBT Catholics as such, upon the so-called "Soho Masses" at the nearby Church of Our Lady of the Assumption and St Gregory coming to an end after six years.[11] Archbishop Vincent Nichols attended their first mass there in 2013.[12] Commentators noted that the church had previously declined to accommodate Oscar Wilde when, in 1897, on his release from prison after serving a two-year sentence for gross indecency, he had petitioned Farm Street to request a six-month retreat.[13] [14]

Choir

In the nineteenth century, the choir consisted only of men and boys drawn from the local Roman Catholic schools.

Between 1881 and 1916, the organist was John Francis Brewer, son of the architectural illustrator Henry William Brewer, who was just 18 when appointed.[15] Brewer was also a novelist and journalist, best known today for his 1888 thriller, 'The Curse Upon Mitre Square', inspired by the Whitechapel Murders.[16] [17]

After the First World War, the choir came under the direction of Fr John Driscoll SJ, who was later succeeded by Fernand Laloux, and the organist was Guy Weitz, a Belgian who had been a pupil of Charles-Marie Widor and Alexandre Guilmant. One of Weitz's most notable students was Nicholas Danby (1935–1997) who succeeded him as the church organist in 1967. Danby was also a tutor and taught John Keys, Paul Hale, and Robert Costin. His main achievement at Farm Street was re-establishing the choir in the early 1970s, following a period of change in the late 1960s, as a fully professional ensemble.

Following Nicholas Danby's death in 1997, two of his students, Martyn Parry and David Graham, were appointed Joint Directors of Music. Martyn Parry was formerly Director of Music at the Sacred Heart Church in Wimbledon. David Graham had studied music with Nicholas Danby at the Royal College of Music. In December 2004 and following the death of Martyn Parry earlier that year, the music was reorganised and Duncan Aspden was appointed Associate Director of Music, to assist David Graham in directing the professional choir and playing the organ.

During the 1990s a number of recordings were made of the music at the Farm Street church. In 2000 a CD of organ music, recorded by David Graham and including the music of Guy Weitz, was recorded on the church organ in Farm Street.[18]

In the twenty-first century, the repertoire consists of sixteenth century polyphony, the Viennese classical composers, nineteenth century romantics, twentieth century and contemporary music as well as Gregorian chant.[18]

London Jesuit Centre

In September 2004, the Mount Street Jesuit Centre was launched. Its intention was to provide adult Christian formation through prayer, worship, theological education and social justice. To do this it gave non-residential retreats and courses in spirituality as well as providing a full-time General Practitioner for homeless people at the Doctor Hickey Surgery in central London, and working with the London Jesuit Volunteers programme.[19] [20]

In 2019, Heythrop College formally closed. The London Jesuit Centre was launched the same year in the same location as the Mount Street Jesuit Centre. It includes a reading room of the Heythrop Library, which provides access to about 8,000 books, plus indirect access (via off-site requests) to most of the collection of the Heythrop College, making it available again after its closure. The London Jesuit Centre provides teaching courses, spirituality, retreats and research. In conjunction with the University of Roehampton, a master's degree in theology, ecology and ethics, is taught in the centre. The degree is also linked to the research done in the Laudato Si' Research Institute in Campion Hall, Oxford. The centre continues the work of the Mount Street Jesuit Centre by offering spirituality courses as well as residential and non-residential retreats.[21] [22]

Thinking Faith

Thinking Faith is an online journal that publishes theological articles as well as perspectives on politics, philosophy, spirituality, poetry and culture.

In 2001, The Month, a monthly review publication, was closed. It had run from 1864 and was founded by Frances Margaret Taylor. It was owned by the Jesuits and edited by its members. After its closure a new effort was made to publish articles on matters of faith. On 18 January 2008, Thinking Faith was launched. It was founded with the aim to publish its articles online, and more frequently than the monthly schedule of its predecessor.[23] It regularly posts articles on matters of faith that go through an editorial board. It covers topics such as biblical analysis, spirituality, political and social issues as well as the current trends and recents works in the arts, poetry and culture, including regular book and film reviews. Its online format allows its articles to be distributed by other sites such as America,[24] and Catholic Outlook, the journal of the Diocese of Parramatta.[25] [26] It is free to access and subscribe.

See also

References

  1. http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-209714-church-of-the-immaculate-conception-grea British Listed Buildings
  2. Parishes, Archdiocese of Westminster Retrieved 22 January 2013
  3. Farm Street, Jesuits in Britain Retrieved 22 January 2013
  4. Book: Jenkins, Simon . Simon Jenkins . England's Thousand Best Churches . 1999 . London . Penguin Books . 978-0-14-103930-5 . 480–481.
  5. History, Farm Street site Retrieved 22 January 2013
  6. 160 Years of Farm Street, Thinking Faith Retrieved 23 January 2013
  7. Web site: Church of the Immaculate Conception, Farm Street. 14 March 2013. The Salviati Architectural Mosaic Database.
  8. Book: Evinson, Dennis. Catholic Churches of London. A&C Black. 1998. 48. 9781850758198.
  9. Web site: Ministère de la Culture et des Communications du Québec . Verrière de l'église de Sainte-Agnès (L'arbre de Jessé et scènes de la vie de la Vierge Marie) . www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca . 2021-02-10 . fr.
  10. About Us, Farm Street church diocesan site Retrieved 22 January 2013
  11. News: Shea. Matt. Getting Emotional with London's Gay Catholics. 6 September 2017. Vice. 8 January 2013.
  12. Web site: Cameron-Mowat. Andrew. LGBT Catholics Westminster. farmstreet.org.uk. 6 September 2017. In December 2012 Archbishop Vincent Nichols asked the Provincial of the Jesuits in Britain and myself to offer meeting spaces on Farm Street Parish premises for the LGBT Catholic Community which had previously met at Our Lady of The Assumption and St Gregory, Warwick Street. In March 2013, LGBT Catholics joined the regular congregation at the evening Mass, followed by a reception and meeting with the Archbishop and members of the parish. Over the following weeks, on every 2nd and 4th Sunday of the month, the group has gathered to celebrate Mass together with regular parishioners at the new time of 5.30pm, and to meet for tea and coffee afterwards in the parish hall.. https://web.archive.org/web/20170627213224/http://www.farmstreet.org.uk/LGBTCatholicsWestminster.php. 27 June 2017. dead.
  13. Web site: Fiona Keating . London Church that Rejected Oscar Wilde Opens its Doors to Gay Catholics . Ibtimes.co.uk . 3 March 2013 . 4 May 2016.
  14. Web site: Benjamin. Smith . Reflecting and recalling our history: LGBT Catholics from Oscar Wilde to Farm Street Jesuit Church. The Tablet. 2 May 2019 . 23 February 2024.
  15. Web site: John Francis Brewer . Biographical Dictionary of the Organ . 19 December 2021.
  16. Book: Brewer, John Francis . The curse upon Mitre square. A.D. 1530-1888 . 1889 . J.W. Lovell Company . New York . 43935642.
  17. Book: Dunham . Benjamin . Etched in Memory: The Elevated Art of J. Alphege Brewer . 2021 . Peacock Press . 978-1914934131. 19 .
  18. Music, Farm Street Site Retrieved 22 January 2013
  19. https://www.indcatholicnews.com/news/12040 London: Jesuits launch major lay spirituality course
  20. https://www.jesuit.org.uk/mount-street-centres-10-years Mount Street Centre's 10 Years
  21. https://london.ac.uk/senate-house-library/about-us/library-news/heythrop-collection-now-available-senate-house-library Heythrop Collection now available at Senate House Library
  22. https://www.indcatholicnews.com/news/36793 Integral Ecology MA launched
  23. https://jesuits.eu/news/587-a-decade-thinking-faith A decade Thinking Faith
  24. https://www.americamagazine.org/arts-culture/2021/01/29/pro-life-streaming-guide-netflix-amazon-prime-239852 Arts and Culture
  25. https://catholicoutlook.org/why-are-you-grateful-for-pope-benedict/ Why are you grateful for Pope Benedict?
  26. https://catholicoutlook.org/the-world-after-covid-19-a-christian-contribution/ The world after COVID-19: a Christian contribution

External links