Finnish alcohol culture explained

Finnish alcohol culture refers to the drinking culture regarding beverages containing ethyl alcohol in Finland and to the manners and habits connected to the drinking culture.

In 2023, the total consumption of alcoholic beverages in Finland was 8.7 litres of 100% alcohol per capita, which was 2.4 percent less than in 2022. Consumption of alcohol has decreased since 2007.[1] The consumption of alcohol in Finland is the highest in the Nordic countries.[2] Since the early 1960s, the total consumption of alcohol has quadrupled[3] and negative effects of alcohol have increased.[4]

In Finnish culture, the state of alcohol intoxication has not been seen as shameful. On the contrary, it is praised and seen as a sign of sociality.[5] [6] As consumption of alcohol has become more mundane, it has not led to a decrease in alcohol consumption or drinking to intoxication, but has instead had the opposite effect. However, the Finnish intoxication-seeking drinking culture is not an exception in the world. Not counting European wine cultures, alcohol is usually used in the world as an intoxicant, not as nourishment.[4]

History

Alcoholic beverages have been produced and consumed in Finland at least since the Iron Age (500 BCE).[7] However, consumption of alcohol in its current scale is a new phenomenon - for example, even though beer was consumed in the 15th century tens of times as much as nowadays, it was considerably milder than the beer of today.[8] Nowadays the consumption of alcohol in Finland is over four times as large than it was in the middle of the 20th century. The negative effects of alcohol in Finland are also historically large.

In the early 20th century, alcohol consumption in Finland was exceptionally small compared to other European countries. However, because of political reasons, many parties started to paint an image of alcohol consumption as a widespread problem in Finland and started seeking restrictions to the consumption of alcohol.[8]

The Finnish drinking culture was partly influenced by the Temperance movement and the prohibition from 1919 to 1932. On the other hand, smuggling and illegal sales of alcohol also increased. It has even been claimed that consumption of strong alcohol increased during prohibition. After prohibition ended, sales of alcohol were handled by the state-owned monopoly Alko, and so-called "alcohol cards" were used from 1944 to 1956, restricting the sale of alcohol.[9] The "alcohol cards" were finally discontinued at the end of the year 1970.[10]

Traditional Finnish unfiltered beer is called . is primarily made from barley malts.[11] [12] was registered as a traditional speciality in the European Union in 2002.[13] Beer expert Michael Jackson said that was "a missing link in the history of beer brewing between Mesopotamia and current times", like "a glass full of anthropology".[14]

Recordings of Finnish folklore include bear songs (poem 46, verses 547–606) and remembering of the dead. The bear songs tell of the celebration held in honour of the killed bear, the "wedding of the bear", at the end of which the skull of the bear was taken in a "wedding convoy" back to the forest. There it was filled with festive beer and held on a sacrificial tree to preserve luck in hunting. Ancient traditions related to funerals have been recorded in Tver Karelia up to 1958. A reminiscent feast was held on the grave, where the deceased was also thought to participate. If the deceased had liked alcohol, it was also served on the grave.[15]

Current alcohol consumption

Consumption of alcohol among women has increased in Finland. In the 1960s, almost half of women from 30 to 49 years old said they did not drink alcohol, but in 2000 this had decreased to only four percent. Increased consumption has made the image of alcohol consumption more mundane and obscured the dangers related to it. There have been suggestions to reformat the classic Finnish slogan "" ("If you're driving, you don't drink") invented to combat drunk driving into "" ("If you're expecting, you don't drink") and to add it to labels of alcoholic beverages to warn against alcohol use during pregnancy.[16]

Increased consumption of alcohol has also decreased the number of alcohol-free areas. This leads to pressure to start drinking alcohol among the youth.[17] However, not drinking alcohol has become more common among the youth. Unlike the viewpoint of the "wet generation" in the 1960s, consumption of alcohol can be connected with annoying pretense instead of freedom. Possibilities for hobbies have improved among the youth and peer pressure for intoxication has decreased.[5] Knowledge of consumption and food has improved, and the unhealthy effects of alcohol - fattening, effects on the brain and so on - are more widely known.[18] The so-called straight edge movement has spread to some parts of Finland, which was born in the punk subculture to combat the self-destroying way of life and indifference in the world.[18]

The significant increase in alcohol consumption has also been said to have resulted from the exceptionally low state of consumption in the 20th century. Although consumption of alcohol quadrupled from the 1960s to the 2010s, it was still only a little above the European average in the 2010s.[8]

See also

Literature

External links

Tutkittua tietoa nuorten alkoholinkäytöstä

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2024-06-17 . Alkoholijuomien kulutus 2023 . 2024-06-25 . Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare . fi.
  2. Web site: Global status report on alcohol and health 2018 . 2024-06-25 . World Health Organization . en.
  3. https://web.archive.org/web/20140110170603if_/http://www.ahts.fi/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=8. 10 January 2014. Alkoholin kulutuksen kasvu vuonna 2004. usurped. Österberg . Esa. Turmiolan Tommi: Mietteitä alkoholi- ja huumetutkimuksesta. Finnish society for alcohol and drug research. 2005 . 1458-9982. 7–18. fi.
  4. Jussila, Noora: Kännäyskulttuuri. Suomen kuvalehti #31/2013, p. 11.
  5. Based on interviews of Satu Apo, Jaana Lähteenmaa, Antti Maunu, Matti Peltonen, Mikko Salasuo and Pekka Sulkunen:
    26 April 2007. Rakas humala. Ylioppilaslehti. 1458-445X. Matti . Rämö. https://web.archive.org/web/20130205052217/https://ylioppilaslehti.fi/2007/04/rakas-humala/. 5 February 2013. live. 4 February 2023. fi.
  6. Kisnanen, Natalia: Suomalaiset erikoisuudet, Raitis.fi 4 August 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
  7. http://www.hs.fi/sunnuntai/Tuhansien+vuosien+humala/a1401514622886 Tuhansien vuosien humala
  8. Uschanov, Tommi: Miksi Suomi on Suomi, pp. 153-163. Teos, 2012.
  9. Tiede . 4 February 2023. Parhi-Riikola . Päivi. Suomalainen viinapää. 6 . 2003. https://web.archive.org/web/20160302032157/http://www.tiede.fi/artikkeli/jutut/artikkelit/suomalainen_viinapaa. 2 March 2016. dead. fi.
  10. Web site: Aikamatka arkeen: Alkoholinkäyttö .
  11. Rokka, Jussi: Sahti on jäänne, Helsingin Sanomat 13 May 2010. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
  12. Web site: https://web.archive.org/web/20141006080746/http://virtuaalibaari.fi/2012/07/19/mista-saisi-sahtia-aurinkoa-juoksevassa-muodossa/. 6 October 2014. Mistä saisi sahtia – aurinkoa juoksevassa muodossa. dead. 19 July 2012. Manninen . Ari. fi.
  13. http://www.mmm.fi/fi/index/etusivu/elintarvikkeet/laatujaturvallisuus/nimisuojajarjestelma/Suojatutsuomalaisettuotteet.html Suojatut suomalaiset tuotteet
  14. http://www.hs.fi/ulkomaat/artikkeli/Olutspesialisti+Michael+Jackson+on+kuollut/1135229927089 Olutspesialisti Michael Jackson on kuollut
  15. Seppälä, Anu; Virkkunen, Anu: Käytös- ja tapatieto, Helsinki, WSOY 1977. .
  16. Autti-Rämö . Ilona. Alkoholinkäyttö fertiili-ikäisillä naisilla lisääntyy – miten käy vielä syntymättömän sukupolven?. https://web.archive.org/web/20150908071941if_/http://www.ahts.fi/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=3. 8 September 2015. unfit. Turmiolan Tommi: Mietteitä alkoholi- ja huumetutkimuksesta. 43–52. Finnish society for alcohol and drug research. 2004. 1458-9982.
  17. Winter, Torsten: Nuorten raittius ja siihen vaikuttavat tekijät , p. 11. Doctorate thesis, University of Helsinki, publications of folk health science M 182, 2004. .
  18. Lähteenmaa . Jaana. Nuorisokulttuuri ja alkoholi 2000-luvun Suomessa: lievää käännettä humala- ja alkoholikielteisyyteen ja sen tulkintaa. https://web.archive.org/web/20150908071941if_/http://www.ahts.fi/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=3. 8 September 2015. unfit. Turmiolan Tommi: Mietteitä alkoholi- ja huumetutkimuksesta. 27–36. Finnish society for alcohol and drug research. 2004. 1458-9982.