GALNT3 explained
Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GALNT3 gene.[1] [2] [3]
This gene encodes UDP-GalNAc transferase 3, a member of the polypeptide GalNAc transferase (GalNAc-T) family. This family transfers an N-acetyl galactosamine to the hydroxyl group of a serine or threonine residue in the first step of O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis. Individual GalNAc-transferases have distinct activities and initiation of O-glycosylation is regulated by a repertoire of GalNAc-transferases. The protein encoded by this gene is highly homologous to other family members; however, the enzymes have different substrate specificities.
Further reading
- Bennett EP, Hassan H, Clausen H . cDNA cloning and expression of a novel human UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine. Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, GalNAc-t3 . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 29 . 17006–12 . 1996 . 8663203 . 10.1074/jbc.271.29.17006 . free .
- Wandall HH . Substrate specificities of three members of the human UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family, GalNAc-T1, -T2, and -T3 . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 38 . 23503–14 . 1997 . 9295285 . 10.1074/jbc.272.38.23503 . vanc. Hassan H . Mirgorodskaya E . 3 . Kristensen . AK . Roepstorff . P . Bennett . EP . Nielsen . PA . Hollingsworth . MA . Burchell . J . free .
- Röttger S . Localization of three human polypeptide GalNAc-transferases in HeLa cells suggests initiation of O-linked glycosylation throughout the Golgi apparatus . J. Cell Sci. . 111 . 1. 45–60 . 1998 . 9394011 . vanc. White J . Wandall HH . 3 . Olivo . JC . Stark . A . Bennett . EP . Whitehouse . C . Berger . EG . Clausen . H . 10.1242/jcs.111.1.45 .
- Mandel U . Expression of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases in stratified epithelia and squamous cell carcinomas: immunohistological evaluation using monoclonal antibodies to three members of the GalNAc-transferase family . Glycobiology . 9 . 1 . 43–52 . 1999 . 9884405 . 10.1093/glycob/9.1.43 . vanc. Hassan H . Therkildsen MH . 3 . Rygaard . J . Jakobsen . MH . Juhl . BR . Dabelsteen . E . Clausen . H . free .
- Dosaka-Akita H . N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase-3 is a potential new marker for non-small cell lung cancers . Br. J. Cancer . 87 . 7 . 751–5 . 2002 . 12232759 . 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600536 . 2364253 . vanc. Kinoshita I . Yamazaki K . 3 . Izumi . H . Itoh . T . Katoh . H . Nishimura . M . Matsuo . K . Yamada . Y .
- Strausberg RL . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . vanc. Feingold EA . Grouse LH . 3 . Derge . JG . Klausner . RD . Collins . FS . Wagner . L . Shenmen . CM . Schuler . GD . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
- Argüeso P . The cell-layer- and cell-type-specific distribution of GalNAc-transferases in the ocular surface epithelia is altered during keratinization . Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. . 44 . 1 . 86–92 . 2003 . 12506059 . 10.1167/iovs.02-0181 . vanc. Tisdale A . Mandel U . 3 . Letko . E . Foster . CS . Gipson . IK . free .
- Onitsuka K . Prognostic significance of UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-3 (GalNAc-T3) expression in patients with gastric carcinoma . Cancer Sci. . 94 . 1 . 32–6 . 2003 . 12708471 . 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2003.tb01348.x . vanc. Shibao K . Nakayama Y . 3 . Minagawa . Noritaka . Hirata . Keiji . Izumi . Hiroto . Matsuo . Ken-Ichi . Nagata . Naoki . Kitazato . Kenji . 42340701 . free . 11160290 .
- Yamamoto S . Expression of uridine diphosphate N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase 3 in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas . Pathobiology . 71 . 1 . 12–8 . 2004 . 14555840 . 10.1159/000072957 . vanc. Nakamori S . Tsujie M . 3 . Takahashi . Yuji . Nagano . Hiroaki . Dono . Keizo . Umeshita . Koji . Sakon . Masato . Tomita . Yasuhiko . 20321446 .
- Gu C . Low expression of polypeptide GalNAc N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase-3 in lung adenocarcinoma: impact on poor prognosis and early recurrence . Br. J. Cancer . 90 . 2 . 436–42 . 2004 . 14735190 . 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601531 . 2409559 . vanc. Oyama T . Osaki T . 3 . Li . J . Takenoyama . M . Izumi . H . Sugio . K . Kohno . K . Yasumoto . K .
- Miyahara N . Expression of UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine-polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase isozyme 3 in the subserosal layer correlates with postsurgical survival of pathological tumor stage 2 carcinoma of the gallbladder . Clin. Cancer Res. . 10 . 6 . 2090–9 . 2004 . 15041730 . 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-1024-03 . vanc. Shoda J . Kawamoto T . 3 . Furukawa . M . Ueda . T . Todoroki . T . Tanaka . N . Matsuo . K . Yamada . Y . free .
- Gerhard DS . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . vanc. Wagner L . Feingold EA . 3 . Shenmen . CM . Grouse . LH . Schuler . G . Klein . SL . Old . S . Rasooly . R .
- Ishikawa M, Kitayama J, Kohno K, Nagawa H . The expression pattern of UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine-polypeptide N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase-3 in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus . Pathobiology . 72 . 3 . 139–45 . 2005 . 15860931 . 10.1159/000084117 . 33360750 .
- Kimura K . Diversification of transcriptional modulation: Large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes . Genome Res. . 16 . 1 . 55–65 . 2006 . 16344560 . 10.1101/gr.4039406 . 1356129 . vanc. Wakamatsu A . Suzuki Y . 3 . Ota . T . Nishikawa . T . Yamashita . R . Yamamoto . J . Sekine . M . Tsuritani . K .
- Kato K . Polypeptide GalNAc-transferase T3 and familial tumoral calcinosis. Secretion of fibroblast growth factor 23 requires O-glycosylation . J. Biol. Chem. . 281 . 27 . 18370–7 . 2006 . 16638743 . 10.1074/jbc.M602469200 . vanc. Jeanneau C . Tarp MA . 3 . Benet-Pagès . A . Lorenz-Depiereux . B . Bennett . EP . Mandel . U . Strom . TM . Clausen . H . free .
- Ichikawa S . Tumoral calcinosis presenting with eyelid calcifications due to novel missense mutations in the glycosyl transferase domain of the GALNT3 gene . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. . 91 . 11 . 4472–5 . 2007 . 16940445 . 10.1210/jc.2006-1247 . vanc. Imel EA . Sorenson AH . 3 . Severe . R. . Knudson . P. . Harris . G. J. . Shaker . J. L. . Econs . M. J. . free .
- Barbieri AM, Filopanti M, Bua G, Beck-Peccoz P . Two novel nonsense mutations in GALNT3 gene are responsible for familial tumoral calcinosis . J. Hum. Genet. . 52 . 5 . 464–8 . 2007 . 17351710 . 10.1007/s10038-007-0126-5 . free .
- Inoue T . Expression of GalNAc-T3 and its relationships with clinicopathological factors in 61 extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas analyzed using stepwise sections - special reference to its association with lymph node metastases- . Mod. Pathol. . 20 . 2 . 267–76 . 2007 . 17361208 . 10.1038/modpathol.3800700 . vanc. Eguchi T . Oda Y . 3 . Nishiyama . Kenichi . Fujii . Kei . Izumi . Hiroto . Kohno . Kimitoshi . Yamaguchi . Koji . Tanaka . Masao . free .
Notes and References
- Bennett EP, Weghuis DO, Merkx G, van Kessel AG, Eiberg H, Clausen H . Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of three members of the UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family . Glycobiology . 8 . 6 . 547–55 . Jul 1998 . 9592121 . 10.1093/glycob/8.6.547 . free .
- Topaz O, Shurman DL, Bergman R, Indelman M, Ratajczak P, Mizrachi M, Khamaysi Z, Behar D, Petronius D, Friedman V, Zelikovic I, Raimer S, Metzker A, Richard G, Sprecher E . Mutations in GALNT3, encoding a protein involved in O-linked glycosylation, cause familial tumoral calcinosis . Nat Genet . 36 . 6 . 579–81 . May 2004 . 15133511 . 10.1038/ng1358 . free .
- Web site: Entrez Gene: GALNT3 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GalNAc-T3).