Gustav Eisen Explained

Gustav Eisen
Birth Date:2 August 1847
Birth Place:Stockholm, Sweden
Death Date:1940
Field:Zoology Horticulture
Work Institutions:California Academy of Sciences
Alma Mater:University of Uppsala
Known For:Studies of worms; Cultivation of raisins and figs

Gustavus Augustus Eisen (August 2, 1847 − October 29, 1940) was a Swedish-American polymath. He became a member of California Academy of Sciences in 1874 and a Life Member in 1883. In 1893, he became the 'Curator of Archaeology, Ethnology, and Lower Animals' at the academy. He later changed titles to 'Curator of Marine Invertebrates'. In 1938, he was appointed as an 'Honorary Member', which is considered the highest honor from the academy.[1]

Biography

Eisen was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on August 2, 1847. He attended school at Visby and later graduated from the University of Uppsala in 1873. He came to California that same year to participate in a biotic survey sponsored by the Swedish Academy of Sciences. He decided to make California his home and joined the California Academy of Sciences the following year.[2]

He was known to have diverse interests, including "art and art history, archeology and anthropology, agronomy and horticulture, history of science, geography and cartography, cytology, and protozoology, as well as marine invertebrate zoology" [1]

A 2012 article in the San Francisco Chronicle describes him as, "One of those 19th century polymaths, Eisen also studied malaria-vector mosquitoes, founded a vineyard in Fresno, introduced avocados and Smyrna figs to California, campaigned to save the giant sequoias, and wrote a multivolume book about the Holy Grail." [3]

He is perhaps best known for his studies of oligochete worms and many species were named after him including those in the genus Eisenia. In addition, he is considered to have been responsible for the introduction of the avocado and the smyrna fig to California and he wrote a detailed history of figs.[4]

He was a correspondent of Charles Darwin and his work was referenced twice by Darwin in The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms.[5]

Mt. Eisen, in the Sierra Nevada in California, was named after him.[6]

World renown

Eisen's opinions were sought on the practicalities of new horticulture crops in Australia. His advice was valued in fig cultivation[7] and in processing grapes into raisins.[8]

Organisms named after him

Earthworms

Brown algae

Vascular Plants

Mosquitoes

Ant

Bee

Grasshopper

Copepods

Zygoptera

Tipulidae

Diptera

Spider

Snake

Fish

Publications

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Gary C.. Williams. 2007. History of Invertebrate Zoology at the California Academy of Sciences. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 58. 12. 197–239.
  2. Web site: Radcliffe . Jane . Fidler . Christina V. . Gustavus Augustus (Gustav) Eisen (1847-1940) . Illinois Natural History Survey . 2019-02-12 . 2019-05-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190515133822/https://www.inhs.illinois.edu/files/5013/8921/2402/Gustav_Eisen_biov4.pdf . dead .
  3. News: Native worms outnumbered by worldly brethren. Joe Eaton . Ron Sullivan . March 18, 2012. San Francisco Chronicle.
  4. Eisen, G. A. 1901. The fig: its history, culture, and curing, with a descriptive catalogue of the known varieties of figs.
  5. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1357&pageseq=1 The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms: by Charles Darwin
  6. Ann-Lisa Måneskjöld-Lower. "Mount Eisen," Sequoia National Park, California: Final resting place of Dr. Gustavus Augustus Eisen
  7. News: THE CALIMYRNA FIG. . . Vic. . 14 March 1903 . 11 April 2012 . 4 . National Library of Australia.
  8. News: HOW THE GRAPES ARE DIPPED IN DENIA. . . Vic. . 8 December 1894 . 11 April 2012 . 9 Edition: TWELVE-PAGE EDITION . National Library of Australia.