Huang Zongxi's Law Explained
Huang Zongxi's Law |
Label1: | Named after |
Data1: | Huang Zongxi |
Label2: | Summarized by |
Data2: | Qin Hui[1] |
Label3: | Definition |
Data3: | "A vicious cycle in which attempts to alleviate rural taxes have led paradoxically to their growth"[2] |
Huang Zongxi's Law |
S: | 黄宗羲定律 |
T: | 黃宗羲定律 |
Order: | st |
P: | Huángzōngxī dìng lǜ |
Huang Zongxi's Law[3], or Theory of Huang Zongxi,[4] is an observation made by Huang Zongxi (1610–1695) on how the burden of the peasants often increased rather than decreased during the various dynasties in Chinese history when attempts were made to reduce it.[5] This theorem was summarized[6] and named by the Chinese historian Qin Hui.[7]
Qin Hui summarized Huang Zongxi's criticism of China's tax reforms of the past dynasties, exposing their shortcomings of "the ill of steady accumulation" (积累莫返之害) as the "Huang Zongxi's Law".[8]
Definition
All the previous reforms aimed at reducing the tax burden on the peasants eventually pushed up the tax burden on the peasants, which is known as "Huang Zongxi's Law".[9]
See also
Notes and References
- Book: Yunhua Zhang. Insights into Chinese Agriculture. 29 June 2018. Springer. 9789811310508. 62–.
- Book: The Chinese Economy: Translations and Studies. 2005. M.E. Sharpe. 4–.
- Book: Shouwen Zhang. The New Horizon of China's Economic Law Theory. 26 October 2020. Springer. 9789811588242. 171–.
- Book: Yi Pan. Rural Welfare in China. 14 June 2017. Springer. 978-3-319-56627-6. 212–.
- Web site: A letter about the early Qing thinker Huang Zongxi. 2005-08-25. Radio Free Asia.
- Book: Jin Xu. Empire of Silver: A New Monetary History of China. 23 February 2021. Yale University Press. 978-0-300-25827-1. 180–.
- Book: Xiaobo Zhang. Arjan De Haan. Shenggen Fan. Narratives Of Chinese Economic Reforms: How Does China Cross The River?. 4 June 2010. World Scientific. 978-981-4465-87-8. 167–.
- Book: From People-based to Democracy: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Huang Zongxi's People-based Thought. 2006. Zhejiang Ancient Books Publishing House. 978-7-80715-199-9. 471–.
- Web site: The root causes of the downward pressure on China's economy. Feb 1, 2019. Financial Times.