Integrin alpha 9 explained
Integrin alpha-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA9 gene.[1] [2] [3] Cytogenetic location: 3p22.2 [4]
Function
This gene encodes an alpha integrin. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane glycoproteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain that mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. The protein encoded by this gene, when bound to the beta 1 chain, forms an integrin that is a receptor for tenascin-C, VCAM1 and osteopontin. Expression of this gene has been found to be upregulated in small cell lung cancers.[3]
Interactions
The α9 subunit forms a heterodimeric complex with a β1 subunit to form the α9β1 integrin. This integrin participates in cell adhesion with various ligands in the extracellular matrix (ECM), including extra domain A (EDA) fibronectin, tenascin-C, ADAMs, EMELIN1, osteopontin, and VEGF.[5] α9β1 binding is independent of the RGD peptide sequence.
Further reading
- Evans JP . Fertilin beta and other ADAMs as integrin ligands: insights into cell adhesion and fertilization. . BioEssays . 23 . 7 . 628–39 . 2001 . 11462216 . 10.1002/bies.1088 . 23712246 .
- Yamakawa K, Takahashi T, Horio Y, Murata Y, Takahashi E, Hibi K, Yokoyama S, Ueda R, Takahashi T, Nakamura Y . Frequent homozygous deletions in lung cancer cell lines detected by a DNA marker located at 3p21.3-p22. . Oncogene . 8 . 2 . 327–30 . 1993 . 8381220 .
- Yokosaki Y, Monis H, Chen J, Sheppard D . Differential effects of the integrins alpha9beta1, alphavbeta3, and alphavbeta6 on cell proliferative responses to tenascin. Roles of the beta subunit extracellular and cytoplasmic domains. . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 39 . 24144–50 . 1996 . 8798654 . 10.1074/jbc.271.39.24144 . free .
- Yokosaki Y, Matsuura N, Sasaki T, Murakami I, Schneider H, Higashiyama S, Saitoh Y, Yamakido M, Taooka Y, Sheppard D . The integrin alpha(9)beta(1) binds to a novel recognition sequence (SVVYGLR) in the thrombin-cleaved amino-terminal fragment of osteopontin. . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 51 . 36328–34 . 2000 . 10593924 . 10.1074/jbc.274.51.36328 . free .
- Young BA, Taooka Y, Liu S, Askins KJ, Yokosaki Y, Thomas SM, Sheppard D . The cytoplasmic domain of the integrin alpha9 subunit requires the adaptor protein paxillin to inhibit cell spreading but promotes cell migration in a paxillin-independent manner. . Mol. Biol. Cell . 12 . 10 . 3214–25 . 2002 . 11598204 . 60168 . 10.1091/mbc.12.10.3214 .
- Eto K, Huet C, Tarui T, Kupriyanov S, Liu HZ, Puzon-McLaughlin W, Zhang XP, Sheppard D, Engvall E, Takada Y . Functional classification of ADAMs based on a conserved motif for binding to integrin alpha 9beta 1: implications for sperm-egg binding and other cell interactions. . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 20 . 17804–10 . 2002 . 11882657 . 10.1074/jbc.M200086200 . free .
- Majumdar M, Tarui T, Shi B, Akakura N, Ruf W, Takada Y . Plasmin-induced migration requires signaling through protease-activated receptor 1 and integrin alpha(9)beta(1). . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 36 . 37528–34 . 2004 . 15247268 . 10.1074/jbc.M401372200 . free .
- Chen C, Young BA, Coleman CS, Pegg AE, Sheppard D . Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase specifically binds to the integrin alpha9 subunit cytoplasmic domain and enhances cell migration. . J. Cell Biol. . 167 . 1 . 161–70 . 2004 . 15479742 . 2172529 . 10.1083/jcb.200312166 .
- Vlahakis NE, Young BA, Atakilit A, Sheppard D . The lymphangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factors VEGF-C and -D are ligands for the integrin alpha9beta1. . J. Biol. Chem. . 280 . 6 . 4544–52 . 2005 . 15590642 . 1368959 . 10.1074/jbc.M412816200 . free .
- Yokosaki Y, Tanaka K, Higashikawa F, Yamashita K, Eboshida A . Distinct structural requirements for binding of the integrins alphavbeta6, alphavbeta3, alphavbeta5, alpha5beta1 and alpha9beta1 to osteopontin. . Matrix Biol. . 24 . 6 . 418–27 . 2005 . 16005200 . 10.1016/j.matbio.2005.05.005 .
- Gulubova M, Vlaykova T . Immunohistochemical assessment of fibronectin and tenascin and their integrin receptors alpha5beta1 and alpha9beta1 in gastric and colorectal cancers with lymph node and liver metastases. . Acta Histochem. . 108 . 1 . 25–35 . 2006 . 16430945 . 10.1016/j.acthis.2005.12.001 .
External links
Notes and References
- Palmer EL, Rüegg C, Ferrando R, Pytela R, Sheppard D . Sequence and tissue distribution of the integrin alpha 9 subunit, a novel partner of beta 1 that is widely distributed in epithelia and muscle . J Cell Biol . 123 . 5 . 1289–97 . Jan 1994 . 8245132 . 2119880 . 10.1083/jcb.123.5.1289 .
- Hibi K, Yamakawa K, Ueda R, Horio Y, Murata Y, Tamari M, Uchida K, Takahashi T, Nakamura Y, Takahashi T . Aberrant upregulation of a novel integrin alpha subunit gene at 3p21.3 in small cell lung cancer . Oncogene . 9 . 2 . 611–9 . Feb 1994 . 8290272 .
- Web site: Entrez Gene: ITGA9 integrin, alpha 9.
- Sulimova G, Kutsenko A, Rakhmanaliev E, Udina I, Kompaniytsev A, Protopopov A, Moisjak E, Klimov E, Muravenko O, Zelenin A, Braga E, Kashuba V, Zabarovsky E, Kisselev L . Human chromosome 3: integration of 60 NotI clones into a physical and gene map . Cytogenetic and Genome Research. 98 . 2–3. 177–183 . 2002. 12698000. 10.1159/000069814 . 41010053 .
- Høye AM, Couchman JR, Wewer UM, Fukami K, Yoneda A . The newcomer in the integrin family: integrin α9 in biology and cancer. . Advances in Biological Regulation . 52 . 2 . 326–39 . May 2012 . 22781746 . 10.1016/j.jbior.2012.03.004 .