Igor Sergun Explained

Honorific-Prefix:Colonel General
Igor Sergun
Native Name Lang:ru
Birth Name:Igor Dmitrievich Sergun
Birth Date:1957 3, df=y
Birth Place:Podolsk, Moscow Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Death Place:Moscow, Russia
Office:Director of Russian Military Intelligence
Term Start:26 December 2011
Term End:3 January 2016
Defenceminister:Anatoliy Serdyukov
Sergey Shoygu
Predecessor:Alexander Shlyakhturov
Successor:Igor Korobov
Allegiance: (before 1991)
Russia (1991–2016)
Branch:Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Serviceyears:1973–2016
Rank:Colonel general
Battles:Cold War
First Chechen War
Kosovo War
Second Chechen War
Annexation of Crimea
Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War
Awards:
Order of Military Merit
Order of Honour
Medal for Battle Merit
Medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow"
Jubilee Medal "60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
Jubilee Medal "70 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
Medal "For Impeccable Service"

Igor Dmitrievich Sergun (Russian: И́горь Дми́триевич Сергу́н|p=ˈiɡərʲ ˈdmʲitrʲɪjɪvʲɪtɕ sʲɪrˈɡun; 28 March 1957 – 3 January 2016) was Director of GRU, Russia's military intelligence service, from 2011 until his death in January 2016. He was promoted to colonel general on 21 February 2015.

Biography

Igor Sergun was born on 28 March 1957 in Podolsk, Moscow Oblast. He completed the Moscow Suvorov Military School and the Moscow Higher Military Command School. He was in active military service from 1973, in the GRU from 1984.

There is no information in the public domain on him participating in the Soviet military campaign in Afghanistan in the 1980s, or in the Chechen Wars in the 1990s, or any other actual combat.

In 1998, Sergun had a rank of colonel and served as military attaché in Tirana, Albania.[1]

On 26 December 2011, Sergun was appointed Director of GRU, which had in 2010 received a new official name, the Main Directorate of the General Staff. He also became Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

He was promoted to Lieutenant-General by a presidential decree on 31 August 2012 and Colonel General on 21 February 2015.[2]

In 2014, Sergun was put on the sanction lists of the EU and the U.S. as a person ″responsible for the activity of GRU officers in Eastern Ukraine″.[3]

He was last spotted by media at Bocharov Ruchey, as one of the Russian delegation for negotiations with King Abdullah II of Jordan, on 24 November 2015.[4]

GRU Director

Background

Perceived poor performance of the GRU in the Russo-Georgian War, the rivalry amongst Russia's intelligence services as well as the overall reform of the Russian Armed Forces initiated in the late 2000s under the Defence Minister Anatoliy Serdyukov led to the downsizing and reduced standing of the GRU and eventual dismissal of the GRU chief Valentin Korabelnikov in April 2009 over his publicly voiced disagreement with the reforms.[5] [6] In October 2010, the Defence Ministry announced that the GRU Spetsnaz would be subordinated to the operational-strategic commands, in other words it would be transferred from the General Staff to the Ground Forces[7] [8] [9] Russia's internal security service, the FSB, which Vladimir Putin as former head thereof had a special interest in, along with the external service, the SVR, were encroaching on the GRU's turf.

The dismissal of Serdyukov as Minister of Defense in November 2012, after he was exposed as having used the army to build a private road, boosted morale and signaled a return to high military spending; Spetnaz units are believed to have been given priority in making improvements.[10] [11]

Political turmoil in Russia and Ukraine and inter-agency rivalry

The beginning of Sergun's tenure as the GRU chief coincided with the start of mass protests in December 2011, which were being promoted in online social media and which Vladimir Putin accused the U.S. secretary of state Hillary Clinton of inciting.[12] [13] The FSB's inability to comprehend high tempo social-media agitation cost it some of the favour with Putin. Although the former head of GRU cyberwarfare was responsible for revealing FSB technical support of Shaltai Boltai (supposed anti-establishment hacking group that exposed the Internet Research Agency) as far as is known the IRA, which dates from the Snow Revolution and disrupts social media comment threads critical of Putin, had never been run by the GRU.[14] [15] [16] [17] So called "Psychographics" and data mined targeting of advertisements as used by Cambridge Analytica was not practiced by the IRA, and its output in English has been characterized as the stilted product of a "troll farm" although that term has been criticized as failing to convey sophisticated manipulation by a foreign state.[18] [19] [20]

With the annexation of Crimea and the speed and efficiency of the "little green men" took control, it was taken as evidence that Main Directorate operations, technology, signals, and security had drastically improved.[21] Under the previous GRU Director, Valentin Korabelnikov, there was criticism of a focus on kinetic operations rather than gathering intelligence, but as the political situation deteriorated for Russia in Ukraine, and the FSB analysis that rebellion across the Donbas region could be autarkical proved faulty, the Main Directorate Spetsnaz troops became an indispensable cadre for the insurgency. Apart from the use of drones for real time reconnaissance and artillery strike, Unit 26165 is thought to have interfered with Ukrainian communications.[22] [23] Sergun supervised the deniable undercover units that America struggled to find an effective response to.[24] The local partisan-proxies and Russian artillery were utilized in a combination of low intensity and siege warfare "to transfer military power into political progress, while obfuscating the associated cost" as in the Second Battle of Donetsk Airport.[25] [26]

Sergun and his U.S. counterparts

In the opinion of Peter Zwack, who from 2012 until 2014 served as the United States Senior Defense Official and Attache to the Russian Federation,[27] before U.S.–Russia relations deteriorated drastically in early 2014, Sergun made efforts to promote MI to MI contacts between Russia and the U.S., which during 2012 and 2013 included meetings between U.S. and Russian intelligence chiefs from strategic regional and global commands that took place in cities across Russia.

In June 2013, Sergun hosted Michael Flynn, then the Director of the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency, at GRU headquarters, where Flynn gave a lecture to GRU officers and took questions and was entertained at a formal dinner.[28] [29]

Death and tributes

On 4 January 2016, the web site of the Russian president released a short excerpt of President Vladimir Putin's telegram[30] [31] that expressed condolences to Sergun's relatives; the telegram was published by the Interfax news agency, which, citing the Kremlin's press service, also said that Sergun had "died unexpectedly on 3 January 2016, aged 59", without citing place and cause of death.[32] BBC's report on his death said that "circumstances of his death [were] not clear" and quoted experts who credited him with the GRU having "recovered some of its former prestige", which had been reduced by drastic cuts to the service shortly before he took over.[33] Two publications by the Russian tabloid Komsomolskaya Pravda posted on 4 January, without reference to sources, in their subtitles, cited Moscow and heart attack for place and cause of death.[34] [35]

A source in the General Staff cited by the Russian daily Kommersant credited Sergun with leaving behind an "exceedingly effective and balanced directorate".[36]

In May 2016, he was posthumously awarded the title of the Hero of the Russian Federation.[37]

Questions over location of death

Two days after his death, the U.S.-based global intelligence company Stratfor questioned the official version of Sergun's death citing an unattributed report that alleged he had died on New Year's Day in Lebanon.[38] In early March 2016, a similar theory was suggested by the Lebanese daily Al Akhbar that alleged Sergun was killed when on a visit to Beirut in a "complicated secret mission" carried out by unnamed Arab and Middle Eastern intelligence agencies.[39] [40] His death was cited as one in a series of "dozens of high-profile" Russian officials' (as well as Putin critics') sudden deaths, such as Vitaly Churkin's (February 2017), in "the past three years in Russia and abroad in suspicious circumstances" in a publication by USA Today of 2 May 2017.[41] The Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov dismissed such media reports as rumours.[42]

During a 24 January 2017 questioning by FBI agents at the White House, then-U.S. National Security Advisor Michael Flynn said "he called Ambassador Kislyak following Sergun's death in Lebanon".[43] After Flynn's FBI interview summary was released on 17 December 2018,[44] the Russian Defense Ministry issued a denial that Sergun had died in Lebanon, calling the story "conspiracy nonsense".[45]

State awards

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. http://lib.fedpress.ru/person/sergun-igor-dmitrievich Сергун Игорь Дмитриевич: Начальник ГРУ Генерального штаба ВС РФ—заместитель начальника Генерального штаба ВС РФ с 26.12.2011
  2. https://www.rbc.ru/politics/04/01/2016/568a76239a794784c88b6ac1 Умер начальник ГРУ Игорь Сергун
  3. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32014R0433 COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 433/2014 of 28 April 2014
  4. https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2888962 Начальнику ГРУ хотели изменить место смерти с Подмосковья на Ливан: В Генштабе опровергают сообщение Stratfor
  5. https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2009/04/24_a_2978667.shtml Минобороны потопило Корабельникова: Начальник ГРУ ушел со скандалом
  6. https://www.svoboda.org/a/1615633.html Валентин Корабельников уволен с поста начальника ГРУ Генштаба
  7. News: McDermott . Roger . Bat or Mouse? The Strange Case of Reforming Spetsnaz . Jamestown . Jamestown.org. 2 November 2010. 19 August 2014.
  8. https://www.nato.int/docu/review/2017/also-in-2017/russian-intelligence-political-war-security/EN/index.htm Russian intelligence is at (political) war
  9. SPETSNAZ: Russia’s Special Forces. By Mark Galeotti (2015) OSPREY.ISBN 978-1-4728-0722- 9. Chapter: The GRU Embattled
  10. https://www.thedailybeast.com/germany-helped-prep-russia-for-war-us-sources-say https://www.thedailybeast.com/germany-helped-prep-russia-for-war-us-sources-say Germany Helped Prep Russia for War, U.S. Sources Say Germany Helped Prep Russia for War, U.S. Sources Say
  11. Obama White House archive June 24, 2010 U.S.-Russia Relations: “Reset” Fact Sheet
  12. News: Putin Contends Clinton Incited Unrest Over Vote . Herszenhorn . David M. . Ellen Barry . The New York Times . 8 December 2011 . 14 December 2016.
  13. [Julia Ioffe]
  14. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-38930627 Russia's 'Humpty Dumpty' hackers: What were they trying to do?
  15. http://eng.majalla.com/2018/06/article55256794/putins-secret-services FROM INTERNET BRIGADES TO TROLL FACTORIES
  16. NYT G.R.U., Russian Spy Agency Cited by Mueller, Casts a Long Shadow
  17. "Internet Troll Operation Uncovered in St. Petersburg", The St. Petersburg Times, by Sergey Chernov, 18, September,2013
  18. The Atlantic, Jan 2018 What Putin Really Wants by Julia Ioffe, Retrieved 8/17/2018
  19. CNN Stop calling them 'Russian troll farms' Joshua A. Geltzer, 18 August 2018.
  20. Spectator British data crucher who say they helped Donald Trump win
  21. https://www.thedailybeast.com/germany-helped-prep-russia-for-war-us-sources-say https://www.thedailybeast.com/germany-helped-prep-russia-for-war-us-sources-say Germany Helped Prep Russia for War, U.S. Sources Say
  22. http://www.dupuyinstitute.org/blog/2017/03/29/the-russian-artillery-strike-that-spooked-the-u-s-army/ March 29 2017 The Russian Artillery Strike That Spooked The U.S. Army
  23. News: Kuzmenko. Oleksiy. Cobus. Pete. Cyber Firm Rewrites Part of Disputed Russian Hacking Report . 26 March 2017. VOA.
  24. http://pbsinternational.org/programs/putins-revenge/ Putin’s Revenge
  25. https://www.ausa.org/sites/default/files/LPE-18-2-The-Reemergence-of-the-Siege-An-Assessment-of-Trends-in-Modern-Land-Warfare.pdf The Reemergence of the Siege: An Assessment of Trends in Modern Land Warfare by Major Amos C. Fox, U.S. Army
  26. Amos C. Fox. THE RUSSIAN–UKRAINIAN WAR: UNDERSTANDING THE DUST CLOUDS ON THE BATTLEFIELD Modern War institute, 17 January 2017.
  27. https://network2020.org/the-russian-enigma-understanding-moscows-military-might/ Peter Zwack
  28. Peter Zwack.Death of the GRU Commander Defense One, 1 February 2016.
  29. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/31/michael-flynn-new-evidence-spy-chiefs-had-concerns-about-russian-ties Michael Flynn: new evidence spy chiefs had concerns about Russian ties: US and UK officials were troubled by Moscow contacts and encounter with woman linked to Russian spy agency records
  30. News: Sonne. Paul . Russia's Director of Military Intelligence Dies Unexpectedly. 4 January 2016 . . 8 March 2016.
  31. http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/51138 Соболезнования родным и близким Игоря Сергуна
  32. http://www.interfax.ru/russia/488417 Путин выразил соболезнования в связи с кончиной главы ГРУ Игоря Сергуна
  33. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-35226131 Russian GRU military spy chief Igor Sergun dies
  34. https://www.kp.ru/daily/26476.5/3347577/ Офицеры России прощаются с главным военным разведчиком Игорем Сергуном: Он ушёл из жизни в 58 лет после инфаркта
  35. https://www.kp.ru/daily/26476.5/3347566/ Сергей Степашин, экс-премьер России - об Игоре Сергуне
  36. https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2890274 Разведка среди своих: Кто может заменить Игоря Сергуна на посту начальника ГРУ
  37. https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2978950 Сирия добавила России героев: Два заместителя Сергея Шойгу награждены за операцию на Ближнем Востоке
  38. News: Diary. Geopolitical. A Mysterious Death Raises Questions in Russia. 6 January 2016 . . 8 March 2016.
  39. News: Russian military intelligence chief killed in secret operation in Lebanon, report. 4 March 2016 . . 8 March 2016.
  40. News: Groisman. Maayan. Report: Russia's military intelligence chief killed in secret operation in Lebanon. 3 March 2016. .
  41. "Suspicious Russian deaths: Sacrificial pawns or coincidence?", USA Today, 2 May 2017.
  42. News: Diplomacy. Politics. Kremlin gives no comment to Lebanese media version of death of Russian intelligence chief. 4 March 2016 . . 8 March 2016.
  43. https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-46600678 Начальник ГРУ Сергун умер в Ливане, сказал бывший советник Трампа на допросе в ФБР
  44. Web site: Jurecic . Quinta . Document: Special Counsel Releases Flynn 302 . Lawfare . 19 December 2018 . en . 17 December 2018.
  45. News: Russia's Defense Ministry refutes media reports on GRU chief's death in Lebanon . 19 December 2018 . TASS . 18 December 2018 . ru.