Israel Railways Explained

Hebrew: רכבת ישראל בע"מ
Israel Railways Ltd.
Logo Alt:Israel Railways' current logo since January 2012
Type:State owned
Industry:Railways
Hq Location:Lod railway station
Hq Location City:Lod
Hq Location Country:Israel
Area Served:Israel
Key People:Michael Maixner (CEO)
Services:Rail transport, Cargo transport
Revenue: 940+ million[1]
Revenue Year:2015
Operating Income: 1 billion[2]
Income Year:2016
Net Income:1.5 billion[3]
Net Income Year:2014
Owner:Government of Israel
Num Employees:4,366
Num Employees Year:2022
Railroad Name:Hebrew: רכבת ישראל
Israel Railways
Start Year:1948
End Year:present
Electrification:In the process of conversion to electric; 25 kV, 50 Hz overhead wire (60% complete)
Length:1,138 km
Stations:66

Israel Railways Ltd. (Hebrew: רַכֶּבֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Rakevet Yisra'el) is the state-owned principal railway company responsible for all inter-city, commuter, and freight rail transport in Israel. Israel Railways network consists of 1138km (707miles) of track. All its lines are standard gauge but some were originally built to other gauges and later regauged. Electrification began in 2018 with the new line to Jerusalem and there are ambitious plans to electrify the entire network at 25 kV 50 Hz supplied via overhead line. The network is centered in Israel's densely populated coastal plain, from which lines radiate out in many directions. In 2018, Israel Railways carried 68 million passengers.

Unlike road vehicles and city trams, Israeli heavy rail trains run on the left hand tracks, matching neighboring Egypt and other Middle Eastern countries, whose formerly connected rail networks were constructed by British engineers. Those lines that formerly crossed Israel's borders were severed during the Israeli War of Independence and there are no international train lines or services to or from Israel.

Until 1980, the company's head office was located at Haifa Center HaShmona railway station. Tzvi Tzafriri, the general manager of Israel Railways, decided to move the head office to Tel Aviv Savidor Central Railway Station. In 2017, the company's head office was moved to a new campus built on the grounds of the Lod railway station.

Stations

There are 66 stations on the Israel Railways network, with almost all of the stations being accessible to disabled persons, with public announcement and passenger information systems, vending machines and parking.

Bicycle policy

Bicycles are permitted on trains in designated coaches.

Israel Railways encourages people to use bicycles by building a double-deck parking for bicycles in every railway station and by allowing people to take bicycles with them on trains to minimise the need for private cars.

Smoking

In Israel, smoking is prohibited in public enclosed places and in commercial areas. Although smoking in railway stations is allowed in designated areas, the sale of tobacco from automated vending machines is prohibited.

List of stations

Station Passengers City District
2019[4] 2020[5] 2021[6] 2022[7]
3,076,039 1,241,173 1,915,761 2,529,474 Northern District
2,043,343 732,180 1,067,444 1,471,117 Acre
776,477 268,214 495,069 722,153 Afula
442,417 162,902 295,790 427,176 Beit She'an
259,977 85,531 138,467 210,073 Kfar Baruch
339,789 122,210 224,054 327,172 Kfar Yehoshua
276,018 102,243 148,278 199,027 Ahihud
1,923,674 675,621 1,119,308 1,468,695 Karmiel
2,376,278 844,709 1,317,716 1,766,157 Haifa District
480,814 171,289 257,428 350,175 Haifa
626,017 245,094 419,471 567,226
2,984,821 1,113,062 1,642,487 2,774,923
2,242,279 773,862 1,066,835 1,662,346
2,282,213 874,919 1,480,565 1,906,404
4,648,766 1,630,110 2,425,278 3,304,744
363,614 143,931 254,038 346,930 Atlit
3,336,093 1,206,294 1,954,827 2,659,029 Binyamina-Giv'at Ada
1,339,506 477,264 749,923 998,446 Pardes Hanna-Karkur + Caesarea
2,430,825 879,112 1,424,860 1,990,340 Hadera
3,563,026 1,212,729 1,596,659 2,508,795 Central District
1,155,205 407,584 630,966 958,546
2,056,937 675,390 1,052,922 1,469,031 Beit Yehoshua
3,004,648 1,008,077 1,795,033 3,287,493 Tel Aviv District
265,006 58,882 120,302 379,791 Central District
233,114 50,494 68,938 149,799 Ra'anana + Kfar Saba
926,654 185,951 247,703 513,615 Hod HaSharon + Kfar Saba
1,373,963 286,105 398,644 817,390
1,573,945 475,460 519,834 1,111,224 Rosh HaAyin
905,440 237,701 221,772 477,782 Petah Tikva
1,943,818 528,942 477,782 1,145,391
1,271,141 320,820 282,841 604,381 Tel Aviv District
6,499,857 1,883,810 3,132,561 4,931,804 Tel Aviv
13,426,398 4,980,537 6,476,362 9,384,612 Tel Aviv + Ramat Gan
15,352,944 5,635,092 8,425,111 13,220,102 Tel Aviv
6,596,080 2,516,573 3,659,147 5,309,215
629,715 182,892 162,413 376,879 Holon + Tel Aviv
823,403 281,062 256,297 615,392
1,810,003 584,714 685,830 1,199,082 Holon + Bat Yam
934,648 288,396 274,700 611,642
Ben Gurion Airport
(closed March 2020–April 2021; alighting only November 2021–January 2022)
4,383,073 788,867 881,276 2,948,403 Central District
416,411 163,848 267,515 393,541 Kfar Chabad
525,198 215,892 305,990 386,895 Lod
2,489,889 965,369 1,283,229 1,735,282
861,166 336,700 452,460 668,712 Ramla
391,832 120,963 225,461 515,597 Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut
1,711,198 594,652 957,050 1,762,050
930,014 316,171 482,584 629,960 Jerusalem District
2,674,840 1,651,659 3,598,443 6,536,393 Jerusalem
Biblical Zoo
(closed from March 2020)
26,445 1,403
Jerusalem Malha
(closed from March 2020)
115,118 17,744
2,217,849 596,198 670,612 1,296,274 Central District
Rishon LeZion HaRishonim
(was closed from December 2021 to September 2022)
360,136 111,024 137,386 36,809
777,819 294,761 444,211 569,267 Be'er Ya'akov
3,855,766 1,395,040 1,654,749 2,199,938 Rehovot
1,465,638 483,214 647,974 1,188,447 Yavne
470,468 154,927 169,294 284,367
243,989 177,890 315,499 457,064 Mazkeret Batya
3,765,864 1,273,176 1,590,702 2,727,842 Southern District
3,005,131 1,026,198 1,220,611 2,290,614 Ashkelon
1,025,670 359,793 398,278 635,242 Sderot
970,450 382,667 480,892 710,581 Netivot
864,528 331,842 415,333 575,277 Ofakim
360,569 135,497 233,242 320,860 Kfar Menahem
1,175,058 479,342 714,533 1,018,644 Kiryat Gat
438,867 158,862 246,747 316,435 Lehavim+Rahat
2,308,782 890,926 1,244,946 1,822,170 Beersheba
3,562,792 1,331,920 2,030,811 2,650,516
14,745 5,278 7,969 6,397 Dimona

Lines

Israel Railways currently operates 15 passenger service lines.[8] These can be broadly subdivided into inter-city lines, which connect two or more of Israel's major metropolitan centres (Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, Haifa, and Beersheba), usually skipping some of the intermediate stations, and commuter lines, centered on one metropolitan area and serving all stations on the line. However, Israel Railways no longer officially uses this classification.

Some services were partially or fully suspended as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and electrification works.

Inter-city lines

CorridorServiceTerminus (start)Intermediate stopsTerminus (end)Infrastructure
Haifa–
Tel Aviv–
Beersheba
Nahariya–Beersheba
(partially commuter) ‡
NahariyaBe'er Sheva CenterCoastal railway
Ayalon railway
Old Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway
South railway
Karmiel–Beersheba ‡KarmielKarmiel–Acre railway
Coastal railway
Ayalon railway
Old Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway
South railway
Haifa–
Tel Aviv
Nahariya–Modi'in
(partially commuter) ‡
NahariyaModi'in CenterCoastal railway
Ayalon railway
New Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway
Anava–Modi'in railway
Nahariya–Ben Gurion Airport
(night train, suspended, resuming Feb. 2023)
NahariyaBen Gurion AirportCoastal railway
Ayalon railway
New Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway
Tel Aviv–
Jerusalem
Herzliya–Jerusalem †HerzliyaJerusalem Yitzhak NavonCoastal railway
Ayalon railway
New Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway
Tel Aviv–
Jerusalem
Tel Aviv Center–Jerusalem (night train) †Ben Gurion AirportJerusalem Yitzhak Navon (closed on Wednesday for maintenance)Ayalon railway
New Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway
Tel Aviv–
Beersheba
Tel Aviv–Beersheba
(night train, suspended) ‡
Tel Aviv CenterBe'er Sheva CenterAyalon railway
New Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway
Old Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway
South railway

Commuter lines

Metropolitan coreServiceTerminus (start)Intermediate stopsTerminus (end)Infrastructure
HaifaNahariya–Binyamina
(inter-city connection)
NahariyaBinyamina
inter-city to Modi'in
Coastal railway
Karmiel–HaifaKarmielHaifa Hof HaCarmelKarmiel–Acre railway
Coastal railway
Beit She'an–AtlitBeit She'anAtlitJezreel Valley railway
Coastal railway
Tel AvivBinyamina–Ashkelon
(commuter connection) †
BinyaminaAshkelon
commuter to Beersheba
Coastal railway
Ayalon railway
Old Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway
Lod–Ashkelon railway
Herzliya–Ashkelon †HerzliyaAshkelonSharon railway
Eastern railway
Yarkon railway
Ayalon railway
Tel Aviv–Bnei Darom railway
Lod–Ashkelon railway
Netanya–Beit Shemesh ‡NetanyaBeit ShemeshCoastal railway
Ayalon railway
Old Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway
Netanya–Rehovot †NetanyaRehovotCoastal railway
Ayalon railway
Old Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway
Tel Aviv–Modi'in
(inter-city connection)
Tel Aviv University
← inter-city to Nahariya
Modi'in CenterAyalon railway
New Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway
Anava–Modi'in railway
Lod–Rishon LeZionLodLodRishon LeZion HaRishonimLod–Ashkelon railway
JerusalemBeit Shemesh–Jerusalem (suspended)Beit ShemeshBiblical ZooJerusalem MalhaOld Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway
Modi'in–Jerusalem †Modi'in CenterPa'atei Modi'inJerusalem Yitzhak NavonNew Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway
Anava–Modi'in railway
BeershebaLod–Beersheba
(inter-city connection) ‡
Lod
← inter-city to Nahariya
Be'er Sheva CenterOld Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway
South railway
Ashkelon–Beersheba
(commuter connection) ‡
Ashkelon
← commuter to Binyamina
Ashkelon–Beersheba railway
Ashkelon–Beersheba ‡AshkelonAshkelon–Beersheba railway
Beersheba–DimonaBe'er Sheva NorthDimonaBeersheba–Dimona railway
† Fully electrified line
‡ Line electrification in progress

Future

See also: Rail transport in Israel. The flagship project of Israel Railways is the construction of an improved rail line from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. The line began as an extension of the current railway to Ben Gurion Airport and Modi'in, and terminates in a new underground station beside the Jerusalem Central Bus Station. An additional proposal will connect Modi'in to Jerusalem if built by connecting to the aforementioned line.[9] The project of electrification, starting with the new Jerusalem-Tel Aviv line is ongoing with plans to eventually electrify all or most of the network.

A 23.5km (14.6miles) line from the city of Acre, on the Mediterranean coast, to Karmiel was completed in March 2017. However, this tract bypasses Acre and does not make a stop there; it is planned to be extended north to the north-eastern town of Qiryat Shemona, with future stations also planned for Jadeidi-Makr and Majd al-Krum, though there is no timetable for construction. This line will be fully electrified.[10] [11]

There were plans to build a high-speed railway to Eilat but in 2019 the project was frozen indefinitely.[12]

In 2011 the reconstruction and expansion of the 60km (40miles) long, formerly abandoned Jezreel Valley railway line connecting Haifa and Beit Shean (near the Jordanian border) started. This was completed in 2016. There has been talk of further extending the line to Irbid, in Jordan (to allow a direct freight connection from Jordan to the Mediterranean Sea); however, no decision has yet been made on this matter. Another proposed extension under discussion would connect the reconstructed Jezreel Valley railway at Afula to Tiberias.[13]

In May 2017, an extension of the railway from Arad via Kuseife was approved. The line would connect to the existing BeershebaDimona rail line at the proposed new station at Nevatim.[14]

Rolling stock

Israel Railways currently owns a total of 193 locomotives, 717 passenger cars, and 110 MU trainsets.

Current

Locomotives

ClassImageTypeTop speedNumberRemarksBuiltEntered service[15]
mphkm/h
EMD G12Diesel-Electric locomotive10Bo-Bo.[16] Israel imported 23 from EMD 1954–62 and captured four more from Egyptian National Railways in the 1967 Six-Day War. Some have been withdrawn and one (No. 107) is now in the Israel Railway Museum in Haifa.[17] No. 106 was withdrawn after sabotage. Nos. 119 & 123 withdrawn after incidents. No. 130 never in service due to Six-Day War.1954–621961
EMD G2614[18] 1971–821971
EMD GT26CW-213Number 701 is an original EMD unit delivered in 1989. In the mid-2010s Israel Railways purchased thirteen units from NRE which were completely rebuilt by TŽV Gredelj from 11 Croatian Railways HŽ series 2063 GT26 units plus 2 new frames and designated as NGT26CW-3 variants. They were delivered to Israel Railways between August 2015 and December 2017 and numbered 710–722.1989, 2015–172015
Alstom Prima JT 42CW681107Series 702–709. EMD prime mover.19961997
Alstom Prima JT 42BW8714048Series 731–778. EMD prime mover.1996–20061997
Vossloh Euro 320010016024Series 1301–1324. With modifications capable of 200 km/h. EMD prime mover.2011–132015
Vossloh Euro 40008013014Series 1401–1414. EMD prime mover.20112014
Bombardier TRAXX P160 AC3Electric locomotive10016063 (32 options)Ordered in 2015. 25 kV 50 Hz AC operation. 6 MW electric output. Initial delivery began in 2017.20172018

Carriages

Israel Railways owns a total of 717 passenger cars.

ClassImageTypeTop speedNumberRemarksBuilt
mphkm/h
Bombardier Double-deck Coachdouble deck push-pull (DDPP)[21] 10016024Driving- and generator trailer (PC-103) series 401–424. Two trailers out of operation[22] 2001–04
68Coaches (TC-101) series 425–490. Four trailers out of operation2001–04
7Driving- and generator trailer (PC-103) series 501–507.2005–06
18Coaches (TC-101) series 521–538.2005–06
82Coaches (TC-101) series 2201–2394.2005–06
Siemens Viaggio Lightsingle deck push-pull[23] [24] 87Three types: standard coach (901-953[25]), standard coach with wheelchair accessible toilets (825-849) and DVT with diesel generator (801-814).[26] First stock in service on 8 March 2009[27] 2008
single deck push-pull[28] 312011
Bombardier Double-deck Coachdouble deck push-pull[29] 78Further coaches were ordered from Bombardier in 2010.2011
72Ordered in 2012 and delivered from the end of March 2014. Similar in overall appearance to previous DDPP sets but capable of higher speeds and advanced safety measures (although previous Bombardier DDPP sets were later upgraded to these standards). First rolling stock capable of operating on Israel Railways' 25 kV 50 Hz electrified lines.2014
93Twindexx. Similar in overall appearance to previous DDPP sets. Sixty Ordered in 2016 and a further 33 in mid-2017.2018
48Twindexx. Similar in overall appearance to previous DDPP sets. Electric operation only (no diesel generator installed in control car). Ordered in late 2017.2019
74Twindexx. Similar in overall appearance to previous DDPP sets. Ordered in May 2019.2020

Retired

Locomotives

Steam Locomotives
ClassImageTop speedNumberRemarksBuilt
mphkm/h
Baldwin H class6Series 7-12 (H2), 13-17 (H3), 33 of series 871–920. Taken over from Palestine Railways. Last went out of service in 1959 and scrapped in '60.1918
NBL/Borsig Egyptian 545 class45 captured during 1956 Israeli invasion of Sinai on the former Palestine Railways main line between El Kantara East and Gaza: numbers 546, 550 and 557 (NBL) and numbers 607 and 613 (Borsig). 4 taken into stock and used them around Lod in central Israel for 1–2 years. Withdrawn and scrapped in 1959.1928, 1931
NBL P class 4-6-06Series 60–65. Taken over from Palestine Railways. Last went out of service in 1959 and scrapped in '60. Tender of 62 preserved at Israel Railway Museum.1935
LMS Stanier Class 8F23Series around 70513. Taken over from Palestine Railways. Last went out of service in 1958. One (the 24th) stranded 8F, 70372 (NBL works no. 24680), on a small section of the main line near Tulkarm on the West Bank side of the 1949 Armistice line.It remained there, increasingly derelict, until after the 1967 Israeli 6 day war. The Israelis finally removed and scrapped it in about 1973. A similar 8F (a Turkish TCDD 45151 Class locomotive) preserved at Be'er Sheva Turkish railway station and numbered 70414.1935–46
USATC S100 Class2Number 21 &22 (class 957?). Transported from Europe to Suez in September 1942. To Palestine Railways, later Army. Later to Israel Railways.[30] 11942
Diesel Locomotives
ClassImageTop speedNumberRemarksBuilt
mphkm/h
SAFB (GM-EMD)681103BoBo locomotives series 101-103, fitted with EMD 3RSW engines. In service until 1998.[31] First diesel locomotive in IR's service. 102 locomotive is preserved.1952
Esslingen18Series 211–228. Similar to DB Class V 60. In the mid-1960s, the Esslingen factory was closed. As a result, some almost-new locomotives were cannibalised for parts.[32] One example preserved at the Railway Museum and another at the Jezreel Valley railway heritage site in Elro'i.1955–56
Deutz3Series 201-203 shunting locomotives. 203 is preserved under the 201 number1958
EMD G163Co-Co. During the Six-Day War Israel captured Egyptian Railways 3304, 3329 and 3361 which were appropriated into Israel Railways stock as numbers 301–303, later 161–163.[33] All have now been withdrawn from service but 163 (formerly ER 3361) is preserved at the Israel Railway Museum.1960–61
GA DE90050803Series 261–263. Primarily used for shunting. Withdrawn from service in the early 2020s. One placed on static display near the historic Petah Tikva railway station.1997

Multiple Units

ClassImageTypeTop speedNumberRemarksBuilt
mphkm/h
EsslingenDMU12Similar to German VT08. 3-car sets (powered coaches 1-12, intermediate coaches 1-12, driving coaches 1-12), some later extended to 4-unit sets (with intermediate coaches 13-22).[34] In the early sixties converted to non-powered coaches in push-pull service because of high maintenance costs. Withdrawn in 1979. Some carriages continued in regular services from 1992 until nineties as 111–117. One trailer should be preserved by the Country Museum in Tel Aviv1956
FIAT 7225Railcar80128010 ordered. After 8 were finished, the order was cancelled for unclear reasons. Italian literature wrote because of the Yom Kippur War. All ten units were sold to Ferrocarril del Pacifico and Ferrocarril Chihuahua al Pacífico in Mexico,[35] [36] where they entered service in 1975.1970/1973[37]
ABB Scandia IC3DMU112[38] 1809 sets (42-50)The introduction of IC3-trains in the early 1990s marked the beginning of a political recommitment to major improvements in the services of Israel Railways.Each IC3 set is composed of 3 cars and multiple sets may be joined together. Sets 42-50 purchased from SJ in 2005. 31 was scrapped after an incident near Revadim on 10 August 2006.[39] 19, 21, 25 possibly out of service. 01 is now in the Israel Railway Museum.1990
10016010 sets (01-10)1992
31 sets (11-41)1994–96

Carriages

ClassImageNumberRemarksBuilt
O&K83rd class coaches similar to German Eilzugwagen series 51-58. Seating however different with 2+3 seat arrangement and 96 seats.[40] 1955
CarF14Picture: first carriage. Series 71-841961
Boris Kidrič/Metalka "Yugo"43Series 601–643, delivered in several batches between 1964 and 1972. 601-615 in 1964, series 616-625 in 1965, 626-633 in 1966, 634-637 in 1971 and 638-643 in 1972. Coaches 631, 632 and 633 were fitted with buffets. 610 converted to half passenger carriage, half generator car. Some other were converted to full generator carriages.[41] [42] 621 in 2009 used as office in red colors in Bnei Brak.[43] 1964–72
DEV-Inox Carel et Fouché
8Bought from SNCF in 1994 (Series 91-98) to create superfuous coaches for refurbishment by HaArgaz.[44] Original 1st class A9TJ-mainline carriage U64. Declassified to B10 1/2TJ in eighties. Scrapped in 2006.[45] 1 preserved in Railway Museum.1965
British Railways Mark 2c TSO
8 (13)Bought from British Rail in 1977 (Series 681-688 (ex BR 5567, 5570, 5575, 5580, 5588, 5593, 5606, 5612) and retro-fitted with air conditioning equipment at Wolverton Works.[46] 1 preserved at Railway Museum.[47] In 1989, restaurant chain Apropo bought 5 Mk1 (BR 3947, 7675, 18768, 84338) and 1 Mk2 (5250) and shipped these to Israel, never to be used.1970
Alstom MoDo35Assembled in Israel by Haargaz and were the first push-pull carriages operated by Israel railways. In August 2022 Israel Railways announced they were pulling the Alstom Modo from service starting September 2022.[48] Driving Coach 302 is preserved on display at Railway Museum.1996-1997

Organizational structure

The company is headed by a chief executive officer. It has two subsidiaries: a real estate development company, and a freight rail company. The main organization has five operational departments: freight, infrastructure, rolling stock, passengers and development.[49]

In 2017, Israel Railways founded a Tunnels Unit that is responsible for the daily operation of railway tunnels, including lighting, air circulation, etc. and managing emergencies.[50]

Performance

The passenger number history (in millions) is as follows:

Additional statistics[64] [65] [66]
199019952000200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020
Total Revenue (million NIS)1022004027768408429029971,0951,1581,1021,1591,1551,146518
Passenger-kilometers (million)1702677812,0111,9861,9272,1332,3762,4852,6082,6452,7653,0323,5801,253
Train-kilometers (passenger, million)3.8129.3758.9058.7678.34810.03511.1712.10112.9213.76714.13714.79610.158
Train-kilometers (cargo, thousand)1,4981,5711,6091,5081,5561,5841,7821,8172,0632,1411,9341,9341,791
Ton-kilometers (cargo, million)1,0481,1761,1737991,0621,0991,0111,0581,1651,1551,4041,3811,2351,2411,250
Network length (km)9408589261,0011,0351,0791,1381,1531,1941,2771,3371,3841,4621,4621,486
In contemporary shekels – not adjusted for inflation

Notable accidents

On 11 June 1985 a train collided with a bus carrying school children, killing 19 children and 3 adults, near moshav HaBonim.[70]

See also

Ottoman Palestine railways
Mandate Palestine & Israel railways

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Jeremaya Goldberg: Israel reports 9% passenger increase in International Railway Journal, 2016-03-30, retrieved 4 April 2016
  2. Web site: Israel Railways – About Israel Railways. 23 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20110715200355/http://www.rail.co.il/EN/About/Pages/about.aspx. 15 July 2011. dead.
  3. Web site: רכבת ישראל - הודעות דוברות - 2015–2016.
  4. Web site: 2019 Freedom of Information Law Annual Report . Israel Railways.
  5. Web site: 2020 Freedom of Information Law Annual Report . Israel Railways.
  6. Web site: 2021 Freedom of Information Law Annual Report . Israel Railways.
  7. Web site: 2022 Freedom of Information Law Annual Report . Israel Railways.
  8. https://www.rail.co.il/en/pages/stationsnlines.aspx Stations and lines
  9. News: Israel Railways to build Modi'in-Jerusalem rail link . . 6 July 2016 . 12 August 2016.
  10. Web site: Israel starts mainline electrification, orders Bombardier electric locomotives . Trains Magazine . 28 August 2015 . 29 August 2015.
  11. News: Karmiel - Akko railway line completed . . 16 March 2017. 21 March 2017.
  12. News: Millions squandered on unrealistic projects. Globes. 28 January 2019.
  13. News: New train from Tiberias to Tel Aviv in 1 hour. . 22 July 2016 . 12 August 2016. Petersburg. Ofer.
  14. News: Arad railway extension approved. . 16 May 2017 . 16 May 2017.
  15. Web site: Annual Report, 2022. Weissman, Shahar. Israel Railways. 2022. 29. September 5, 2023. he.
  16. Cotterell, 1984, page 136
  17. Web site: Gallery. Israel Railways. 25 May 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120619041704/http://rail.co.il/EN/Fun/Museum/Pages/gallery.aspx . 19 June 2012 .
  18. Cotterell, 1984, page 137
  19. News: Siemens selected for Israel Railways EMU order. 4 October 2017. Railway Gazette. 28 September 2017.
  20. News: Goldberg. Jeremaya. Siemens chosen for $US 1bn Israeli EMU order. 4 October 2017. International Railway Journal. 28 September 2017. 5 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171005001852/http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/middle-east/siemens-selected-for-dolus-1bn-israeli-emu-contract.html. dead.
  21. Web site: ISR orders more double-deckers. 12 October 2010 . Railway Gazette .
  22. Web site: Tender Israel Railwaays 2013. 22 June 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140812112152/http://www.rail.co.il/HE/ISRTenders/Tenders/Documents/Rfi-Vinyl/rfi.pdf. 12 August 2014. dead.
  23. Web site: Viaggio. Siemens. 20 February 2011. 14 March 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100314041754/http://www.mobility.siemens.com/mobility/en/pub/urban_mobility/rail_solutions/commuter_and_intercity/viaggio.htm. dead.
  24. Web site: Siemens Israel / Mobility in Israel. Siemens. 19 October 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20130729142458/http://www.siemens.com/answers/il/he/. 29 July 2013. dead.
  25. HaRakevet: Rothschild PhD, Rabbi Walter (juni 2009), Siemens Coach number. Series 22:1 issue 84
  26. HaRakevet: Rothschild PhD, Rabbi Walter (September 2009), XXI Siemens Coaches in operation. Inititial impressions. Series 22:3 issue 86
  27. HaRakevet: Rothschild PhD, Rabbi Walter (juni 2009), Siemens stock into service. Series 22:2 issue 85
  28. Web site: Israel Railways orders second batch of Siemens coaches. railwaygazette.com. 12 June 2014.
  29. Web site: ISR orders more double-deckers. 12 June 2014 . Railway Gazette .
  30. HaRakevet: Rothschild PhD, Rabbi Walter (September 1992), WD/USA 0-6-0Ts in Palestina, 1942–46. Issue 18
  31. Web site: Israel Railways Modern Passenger Trains – English . Angelfire.
  32. HaRakevet: Rothschild PhD, Rabbi Walter (June 1992), The Esslingen shunters. Issue 17
  33. Book: Cotterell, Paul . 0-905878-04-3 . 1984 . The Railways of Palestine and Israel . Abingdon . Tourret Publishing. 103.
  34. HaRakevet: Rothschild PhD, Rabbi Walter (July 1990). Issue 9
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