List of Proton launches (2010–2019) explained

This is a list of launches made by the Proton rocket between 2010 and 2019. All launches were conducted from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Launch statistics

Launch outcomes

Launch history

2010

Flight No.Date / time (UTC)Rocket,
Configuration
Launch sitePayloadPayload massOrbitUsersLaunch
outcome
535-3528 January 2010
00:18:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Raduga 1M #2Geosynchronous
Communications
535-3212 February 2010
00:39:40
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Intelsat 16Geosynchronous transfer[1]
Communications. Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
535-401 March 2010
21:19:44
Proton-M/DM-2 8K82KM/11S861Site 81/24Kosmos 2459 (Uragan-M #731)
Kosmos 2460 (Uragan-M #732)
Kosmos 2461 (Uragan-M #735)
Medium Earth[2]
Navigation
935-1420 March 2010
18:26:57
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39EchoStar XIVGeosynchronous transfer[3]
Communications
935-1124 April 2010
11:19:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39SES-1[4] Geosynchronous transfer
Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services, Communications
935-123 June 2010
22:00:08
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Badr-5Geosynchronous transfer[5]
Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services, Communications
935-1510 July 2010
18:40:36
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39EchoStar XVGeosynchronous transfer[6]
Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services, Communications
535-302 September 2010
00:53:50
Proton-M/DM-2 8K82KM/11S861Site 81/24Kosmos 2464 (Uragan-M #736)
Kosmos 2465 (Uragan-M #737)
Kosmos 2466 (Uragan-M #738)
Medium Earth[7]
Navigation
935-1614 October 2010
18:53:21
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24XM-5Geosynchronous transfer[8]
Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services, Communications
935-1314 November 2010
17:29:20
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39SkyTerra-1Geosynchronous transfer[9]
Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services, Communications
535-375 December 2010
10:25:19
Proton-M/DM-03 8K82KM/11S861-03Site 81/24Uragan-M #739, 740, 741Medium Earth (intended)
First flight of the Blok-DM-03 upper stage. The upper stage and payloads failed to reach orbital velocity due to overloading of the upper stage with 1.5 tonnes of liquid oxygen, which was caused by communication error between engineers.[10]
935-1726 December 2010
21:51:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39KA-SATGeosynchronous transfer[11]
Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services, Communications

2011

Flight No.Date / time (UTC)Rocket,
Configuration
Launch sitePayloadPayload massOrbitUsersLaunch
outcome
935-1920 May 2011
19:15:19
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Telstar-14R (Estrela do Sul 2)Geosynchronous transfer[12]
Communications. Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-1815 July 2011
23:16:10
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39SES-3
KazSat-2
Geosynchronous[13]
Communication, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services (for SES-3)
935-2117 August 2011
21:25:01
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Ekspress AM4Geosynchronous transfer (intended)[14]
Communications. Briz-M upper stage suffered a failure of attitude control due to a too short programmed time interval for gyro platform manipulation while the operation timeline was being formalized.[15]
535-4220 September 2011
22:46:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Kosmos 2473 (Garpun #1)Geosynchronous
Communications
935-2229 September 2011
18:32:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Geosynchronous transfer[16]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-2019 October 2011
18:48:57
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Geosynchronous transfer[17]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
535-394 November 2011
12:51:41
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Kosmos 2475 (Uragan-M #743)
Kosmos 2476 (Uragan-M #744)
Kosmos 2477 (Uragan-M #745)
Medium Earth
Navigation
935-2525 November 2011
19:10:34
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39AsiaSat 7Geosynchronous transfer[18]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-2311 December 2011
11:17:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Luch-5A
Amos-5
Geosynchronous
Communication / Data Relay

2012

Flight No.Date / time (UTC)Rocket,
Configuration
Launch sitePayloadPayload massOrbitUsersLaunch
outcome
935-2414 February 2012
19:36:37
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Geosynchronous transfer[19]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-2825 March 2012
12:10:32
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Super-synchronous transfer[20]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
410-1830 March 2012
05:49:32
Proton-K/Blok-DM-2 8K82K/11S861Site 81/24Kosmos 2479 (US-KMO)Geosynchronous
Final flight of the Proton-K. Missile warning
935-2723 April 2012
22:18:13
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Geosynchronous transfer orbit[21]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-2917 May 2012
19:12:14
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Geosynchronous transfer orbit[22]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-309 July 2012
18:38:30
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Geosynchronous transfer orbit[23]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-316 August 2012
19:31:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Telkom 3
Ekspress MD2
Geosynchronous (intended)[24]
Communication, Briz-M upper stage failure 7 seconds into its third burn.
935-2614 October 2012
08:37:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Intelsat 23Geosynchronous[25]
Communication, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-322 November 2012
21:04:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Luch-5B
Yamal-300K
Geosynchronous
Communication / Data Relay
935-3320 November 2012
18:31:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39EchoStar XVIGeosynchronous transfer[26]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-348 December 2012
13:13:43
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Yamal-402Geosynchronous transfer (intended) (achieved)[27]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services. Briz-M upper stage shut down 4 minutes earlier than planned on its fourth burn due to oxidizer turbopump bearing damaged.[28] Satellite able to maneuver into its designated orbit by itself.[29]

2013

Flight No.Date / time (UTC)Rocket,
Configuration
Launch sitePayloadPayload massOrbitUsersLaunch
outcome
935-3626 March 2013
19:06:48
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Satmex 8Geosynchronous transfer[30]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-3715 April 2013
18:36:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Anik G1Geosynchronous transfer[31]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-3814 May 2013
16:02:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Eutelsat 3DGeosynchronous transfer[32]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-403 June 2013
09:18:31
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39SES-6Super-synchronous transfer[33]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
535-432 July 2013
02:38:22
Proton-M/DM-03 8K82KM/11S861-03Site 81/24Uragan-M #748
Uragan-M #749
Uragan-M #750
Medium Earth (intended)
Navigation, First stage control failure, rocket crashed near launch pad. Accident caused by angular velocity sensors of the rocket's control system wrongly installed backwards.
935-3929 September 2013
21:38:10
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Astra 2EGeosynchronous transfer[34]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-3525 October 2013
18:08:54
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Sirius FM-6Geosynchronous transfer[35]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
535-4111 November 2013
23:46:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Raduga 1M #3Geosynchronous
Communications
935-448 December 2013
12:12:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Inmarsat 5-F1Super-synchronous transfer[36]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-4126 December 2013
10:49:56
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Ekspress AM5Geosynchronous transfer
Communications

2014

Flight No.Date / time (UTC)Rocket,
Configuration
Launch sitePayloadPayload massOrbitUsersLaunch
outcome
935-4314 February 2014
21:09:03
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Türksat 4AGeosynchronous transfer[37]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-4215 March 2014
23:08:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Ekspress AT1
Ekspress AT2
Geosynchronous
Communications
935-4628 April 2014
04:25:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Luch 5V
KazSat-3
Geosynchronous transfer
Communication / Data Relay
935-4515 May 2014
21:42:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Ekspress AM4RGeosynchronous transfer (intended)
Communications, Proton third stage vernier engine failure at T+542 seconds due to failure of the turbopump structural support causing damage to the oxidizer inlet line.[38]
935-4727 September 2014
20:23:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Luch (Olimp-K)Geosynchronous
Communications
935-4821 October 2014
15:09:32
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Ekspress AM6Geosynchronous[39]
Communications, The Briz-M upper stage shut down prematurely on its final burn that caused the satellite reaching the slightly lower perigee than planned (31,307 km instead of the planned 33,799 km).[40] The satellite was able to manoeuvre itself into the planned operational geosynchronous orbit, with small loss of onboard propellant.
935-5015 December 2014
00:16:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Yamal-401Geosynchronous[41]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-4927 December 2014
21:37:49
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Astra 2GGeosynchronous transfer[42]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services

2015

Flight No.Date / time (UTC)Rocket,
Configuration
Launch sitePayloadPayload massOrbitUsersLaunch
outcome
935-511 February 2015
12:31:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Inmarsat 5-F2Super-synchronous transfer[43]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-5218 March 2015
22:05:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Ekspress AM7Geosynchronous transfer
Communications
935-5416 May 2015
05:47:39
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Mexsat-1Geosynchronous transfer (intended)[44] [45]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services [46] Proton third stage vernier engine failed at T+497 seconds due to excess vibration caused by inability to cope with uneven supply from a pump which had suffered shaft coating degradation.[47]
935-5528 August 2015
11:44:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Inmarsat 5-F3Super-synchronous transferInmarsat[48]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-5314 September 2015
19:00:00
Proton-M/DM-03 8K82KM/11S861-03Site 81/24Ekspress AM8Geosynchronous
Communications
935-5616 October 2015
20:40:11
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Türksat 4BGeosynchronous transfer[49]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
535-4413 December 2015
00:19:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Kosmos 2513 (Garpun #2)Geosynchronous
Communications
935-5724 December 2015
21:31:19
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Ekspress AMU1Geosynchronous transfer
Communications

2016

Flight No.Date / time (UTC)Rocket,
Configuration
Launch sitePayloadPayload massOrbitUsersLaunch
outcome
935-5829 January 2016
22:20:09
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Eutelsat 9BGeosynchronous transfer[50]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services
935-6014 March 2016
09:31:42
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
Schiaparelli EDM lander
HeliocentricESA
Mars orbiter/Mars lander, Briz-M upper stage reportedly exploded after separation,[51] but that was later denied by Roscosmos.[52]
937-019 June 2016
07:10:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Intelsat 31Super-synchronous transfer[53]
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services. Second stage under-performed but shortfall fully compensated by the upper stage.

2017

Flight No.Date / time (UTC)Rocket,
Configuration
Launch sitePayloadPayload massOrbitUsersLaunch
outcome
935-618 June 2017
03:45:47
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24EchoStar 21Geosynchronous transferEchoStar
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services.
935-5916 August 2017
22:07:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Kosmos 2520 (Blagovest 11L)GeosynchronousVKS
Communications
935-6511 September 2017
19:23:41
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Amazonas 5Geosynchronous transferHispasat
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services.
937-0228 September 2017
18:52:16
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39AsiaSat 9Geosynchronous transferAsiaSat
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services.

2018

Flight No.Date / time (UTC)Rocket,
Configuration
Launch sitePayloadPayload massOrbitUsersLaunch
outcome
935-6218 April 2018
22:12:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Kosmos 2526 (Blagovest 12L)GeosynchronousVKS
Communications
935-6321 December 2018
00:20:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 81/24Kosmos 2533 (Blagovest 13L)GeosynchronousVKS
Communications

2019

Flight No.Date / time (UTC)Rocket,
Configuration
Launch sitePayloadPayload massOrbitUsersLaunch
outcome
935-6930 May 2019
17:42:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43Site 200/39Yamal-601Geosynchronous transferGazprom Space Systems
Communications, Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services.
535-4713 July 2019
12:30:57
Proton-M/DM-03 8K82KM/11S861-03Site 81/24Spektr-RGSun–Earth Russian Space Research Institute & German Aerospace Center
High-energy astrophysics & X-ray astronomy observatory
935-645 August 2019
21:56:00
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43 Site 81/24Kosmos 2539 Blagovest-14LGeosynchronousVKS
Military communications; fourth Blagovest satellite launch, completing the initial Blagovest satellite constellation.
937-049 October 2019
10:17:56
Proton-M/Briz-M 8K82KM/11S43 Site 200/39 Eutelsat 5 West B / MEV-1GeosynchronousEutelsat / Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems
Communications satellite and a satellite servicing mission. Commercial launch conducted by International Launch Services.
935-6624 December 2019
12:03:02
Proton-M/DM-03 8K82KM/11S861-03Site 81/24Elektro-L No. 3GeosynchronousRoscosmos
Meteorology satellite

References

Notes and References

  1. February 12, 2010. ILS. ILS Proton Successfully Launches the Intelsat 16 Satellite for Intelsat; First ILS Proton Launch of 2010.
  2. March 2, 2010. Khrunichev. Third Proton Launch of 2010 Successful: Trio of GLONASS Satellites in Orbit.
  3. March 21, 2010. ILS. ILS Proton Successfully Launches EchoStar XIV for DISH Network; 2nd ILS Proton Mission of 2010; 4th Proton in 3 Months.
  4. ILS Proton Successfully Launches SES-1 for SES 3rd ILS Proton Mission of 2010; 5th Proton in 4 Months . April 24, 2010 . International Launch Services . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110107054744/http://www.ilslaunch.com/news-042410 . January 7, 2011 .
  5. ILS Proton Successfully Launches Badr-5 for ARABSAT 4th ILS Proton Mission of 2010; 6th Proton in 6 Months . June 3, 2010 . International Launch Services . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110107054744/http://www.ilslaunch.com/news-042410 . January 7, 2011 .
  6. ILS Proton Successfully Launches EchoStar XV for Echostar 5th ILS Proton Mission of 2010; 7th Proton in 7 Months . July 10, 2010 . International Launch Services . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110107054744/http://www.ilslaunch.com/news-042410 . January 7, 2011 .
  7. September 2, 2010. Khrunichev. Proton Successfully Launches Three GLONASS Satellites.
  8. ILS Proton Successfully Launches XM-5 Satellite . July 10, 2010 . International Launch Services.
  9. ILS Proton Successfully Launches LightSquared Satellite . November 14, 2010 . International Launch Services . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101116183610/http://www.ilslaunch.com/news-111410 . November 16, 2010 .
  10. Web site: Russia clears Proton to resume flying in December . December 10, 2010 . Spaceflight Now.
  11. ILS Proton Successfully Launches The KA-SAT Satellite for Eutelsat. December 27, 2010 . International Launch Services.
  12. ILS Proton Successfully Launches Telstar 14R/ Estrela do Sul 2 for Telesat. May 21, 2011 . International Launch Services.
  13. ILS Proton Successfully Launches the SES-3 Satellite for SES/First ILS Proton Shared Launch with the KazSat-2 Satellite. International Launch Services.
  14. August 18, 2011. Khrunichev. Concerning Express-AM4 SC Launch.
  15. August 30, 2011. Khrunichev. Express-AM4 Launch Failure Inter-Agency Commission Concludes Investigations.
  16. ILS PROTON SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES QUETZSAT-1 FOR SES. September 30, 2011 . International Launch Services.
  17. ILS Proton Successfully Launches ViaSat-1 for ViaSat Heaviest Satellite Launched on ILS Proton. October 20, 2011 . International Launch Services.
  18. ILS Proton Successfully Launches the AsiaSat 7 Satellite for AsiaSat. November 26, 2011 . International Launch Services.
  19. ILS Proton Successfully Launches SES-4 for SES. February 15, 2012 . International Launch Services.
  20. Intelsat's Global Broadband Maritime and Aeronautical Infrastructure Continues to Advance with ILS Proton Launch Success of Intelsat 22. March 26, 2012 . International Launch Services.
  21. ILS Proton Successfully Launches Y1B Satellite for Yahsat. April 24, 2012 . International Launch Services.
  22. ILS Proton Successfully Launches Telesat's Nimiq 6 Satellite. May 18, 2012 . International Launch Services.
  23. ILS Proton Successfully Launches SES-5 for SES. July 10, 2012 . International Launch Services.
  24. Russian Federal Mission with TELKOM 3 and EXPRESS MD2 Satellites Anomaly . August 7, 2012 . International Launch Services.
  25. ILS Proton Launch Success of Intelsat 23 . October 14, 2012 . International Launch Services.
  26. November 21, 2012. ILS. ILS Successfully Launches the EchoStar XVI Satellite.
  27. December 8, 2012. ILS. ILS Declares a Proton Launch Anomaly.
  28. Web site: ILS FROB Concludes the Yamal 402 Proton Launch Anomaly Investigation. International Launch Services. 12 February 2013. 30 May 2015.
  29. Web site: Krebs. Gunter D. . Yamal 402". Gunter's Space Page. May 6, 2023.
  30. March 27, 2013. ILS. ILS Proton Successfully Launches Satmex 8 Satellite for Satmex.
  31. April 16, 2013. ILS. ILS Proton Successfully Launches Anik G1 for Telesat.
  32. May 15, 2013. ILS. ILS Proton Successfully Launches Eutelsat 3D for Eutelsat.
  33. June 4, 2013. ILS. ILS Proton Successfully Launches SES-6 for SES.
  34. September 30, 2013. ILS. ILS Proton Successfully Launches ASTRA 2E for SES.
  35. October 26, 2013. ILS. ILS Proton Successfully Launches the Sirius FM-6 Satellite for Sirius XM Radio.
  36. December 9, 2013. ILS. ILS Proton Successfully Launches Inmarsat-5 F1.
  37. February 15, 2014. ILS. ILS Proton Successfully Launches TURKSAT-4A for TURKSAT.
  38. Web site: Failure Review Oversight Board (FROB) Concludes Express AM4R Investigation; Return to Flight Mission Success on September 28. International Launch Services. 9 October 2014.
  39. Web site: Krebs. Gunter. Ekspress-AM 6 (Eutelsat 53A). space.skyrocket.de. 22 April 2018.
  40. Web site: Zak. Anatoly. Russia launches a twin for its largest comsat. www.russianspaceweb.com. 22 April 2018.
  41. December 15, 2014. ILS. ILS Proton Successfully Launches the Yamal-401 Satellite Marking the 400th Proton Mission.
  42. December 28, 2014. ILS. ILS Proton Successfully Launches the ASTRA 2G Satellite for SES.
  43. February 1, 2015. ILS. ILS Proton Successfully Launches the Inmarsat-5 F2 Satellite For Inmarsat; Second Global Xpress®Satellite Launch in 3-constellation Series.
  44. Web site: ILS DECLARES PROTON LAUNCH ANOMALY. International Launch Services. 16 May 2015.
  45. http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/05/16/proton-crash-deals-another-blow-to-russian-space-sector/ spaceflightnow.com 2015-05-16 Proton crash deals another blow to Russian space sector
  46. Web site: Faulty Engine Caused Proton-M Failure; Next Launch Announcement Soon.
  47. Web site: РОСКОСМОС: НАЗВАНА ПРИЧИНА АВАРИИ РН "ПРОТОН-М" (ROSCOSMOS: Named cause of the accident "Proton-M"). Roscosmos. 30 May 2015. ru. 29 May 2015.
  48. August 29, 2015. ILS. ILS PROTON SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES INMARSAT-5 F3 SATELLITE.
  49. October 17, 2015. ILS. ILS PROTON SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES THE TURKSAT-4B SATELLITE FOR TURKSAT.
  50. January 30, 2016. ILS. ILS PROTON SUCCESSFULLY LAUNCHES THE EUTELSAT 9B SATELLITE.
  51. News: King . Bob . ExoMars Mission Narrowly Avoids Exploding Booster . Universe Today . 24 March 2016 . 2016-03-25 .
  52. News: de Selding. Peter B.. Roscosmos gives detailed rebuttal to reports of Proton ExoMars launch anomaly . Spacenews.com . 5 April 2016 . 2016-05-20.
  53. Web site: June 9, 2016. Spaceflight101.com. Proton suffers Second Stage Anomaly, Briz-M Stage lifts Intelsat 31 to target Orbit. Blau. Patrick.