List of Royal Academicians explained

This is a partial list of Royal Academicians (post-nominal: RA), academicians of the Royal Academy of Arts in London. A full list is available on the web pages of the Royal Academy Collections.

NameElectedNotesRef.
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member; Keeper 1783–90
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member; first Treasurer 1768–96
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member; Professor of Architecture 1798–1805
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member; first Academy librarian 1770–1776
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member; first Keeper 1768–83
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member; first Secretary 1768–88
1768 Foundation member; first Professor of Painting 1768–82
1768 Foundation member; President 1768–1792
1768 Foundation member; Secretary 1788–1810
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member; first Professor of Architecture 1768–98
1768 Foundation member; Librarian 1792–93
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member; first Professor of Perspective 1768–1786; Librarian 1782–86
1768 Foundation member; President 1792–1805 & 1806–20
1768 Foundation member; Librarian 1776–1782
1768 Foundation member; Librarian 1786–1790; Keeper 1790–1803
1768 Foundation member
1768 Foundation member
1769 Nominated member
1769 Nominated member
Edward Burch1771 Librarian 1794–1814
1771
1772
1773 Professor of Painting 1782–1799
1777 Honorary Chaplain 1784–1788
1779
1778
1781
1781
1783
1784
1785
1785
1785 President 1805–1806
1787
1787
1788 Professor of Painting 1805–1807
1788
1789
1790 Professor of Painting 1799–1805 & 1810–25; Keeper 1804–1825
1791
1791
1791 Treasurer 1796–1820
1791
1793
1793
1794 President 1820–30
1794
1794 Librarian 1814–1834
1795
1797
1798 Associate RA: 1793
1799
1799 Professor of Painting 1807–1809
1800 first Professor of Sculpture 1810–26
1800 President 1830–50
1802 Professor of Architecture 1806–37
1802 Professor of Perspective 1807–37
1804 Keeper 1825–27
1806
1807
1808 Secretary 1811–47; Professor of Painting 1833–1847
1808 Professor of Painting 1825–32
1810
1811
1811
1811
1811 Professor of Sculpture 1827–56
1811 Treasurer 1820–50
1812
1813
1814
1815
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819 Keeper 1827–39
1820 Librarian 1840–42
1820
1821
1822
1822
1823
1824 Librarian 1834–1840; Keeper 1840–50
1824
1826 Professor of Painting 1847–52
1826 Librarian 1856–64
1826 Professor of Architecture 1837–39
1828
1829
1830 Librarian 1842–44; President 1850–65
1831
1835
1835
1836 Professor of Architecture 1839–59
1836
1838
1838
1838 Librarian 1844–55
1840
1840 Professor of Painting 1854–63; Librarian 1864–81
1840
1841
1841 Treasurer 1850–61
1841
1842
1843
1844 Secretary 1847–1873; Professor of Perspective 1852–1860
1845 Keeper 1851–73
1846
1848 Professor of Painting 1866–75
1848
1849 Professor of Sculpture 1857–68
1851
1851 President 1866–78
1851
1853
1855
1857 Keeper 1873–1887
1858
1859 Treasurer 1861–1874; Professor of Architecture 1860–1865
1860
1860 Professor of Architecture 1866–1873
1863
1863
1863 President 1896
1863 Professor of Sculpture 1868–76
1864 Treasurer 1882–1897
1866
1866
1867 Keeper 1887–98
1867
1867
1868 President 1878–96
1869 Professor of Architecture 1873–80; Treasurer 1874–80
1869
1870
1871
1871
1871 Professor of Architecture 1880–81; Treasurer 1880–81
1871
1872 Professor of Painting 1875–82
1874 Professor of Sculpture 1877–78
1876
1876 President 1896–1918
1877
1877 Treasurer 1882
1878
1878 Librarian 1896–1911
1879
1879 Librarian 1882–95; Professor of Painting 1882–95
1880
1880
1880
1881
1881
1881
1882
1881
1883
1885 Treasurer 1897–1901
1887
1887
1888
1890 Professor of Painting 1899–1900 & 1906–1909
1891
1891 President 1924–1928
1891 Keeper 1911–1920; Librarian 1911–1920
1892 Professor of Sculpture 1900–1904
1894 Professor of Painting 1900–1903
1895
1895 Professor of Painting 1895–1899 & 1909–1911
1895
1896 Keeper 1898–1911
1896 Treasurer 1901–1912
1897
1897
1898
1898 Professor of Architecture 1887–1905
1898
1902
1902
1903 Treasurer 1912–1919; President 1919–24
1903
1905
1908 Professor of Painting 1903–1906
1907
1909
1909
1909
1910
1910
1911
1912
1914 Professor of Architecture 1907–11
1913
1914 Professor of Perspective 1914–19
1914
1915
1915 Keeper 1920–26
1917
1917 Professor of Sculpture 1907–1911
1919
1919
1919
1919
1920
1920 President 1928–1938
1920
1920 President 1938–1944
1922
1922
1924
1925 Keeper 1945–1949
1925
1925 President 1944–1949
1926 Keeper 1927–42
1928
1928
1930 Keeper 1943–1945; President 1949–1954
1930 Treasurer 1932–40
1932
1932
1932
1933 Associate RA: 1922
1933
1933
1933 Treasurer 1919–32
1934
1934
1934
1935
1935
1936
1936 Keeper 1949–1964
1937
1937 Treasurer 1940–42
1938
1938 President 1966–76
1940 President 1956–66
1942
1942
1942 Treasurer 1942–54
1942
1943
1943
1944 Professor of Architecture 1946–61; President 1954–56
1944
1947 Treasurer 1954–58
1948 Honorary Academician Extraordinary
1949
1949
1950
1951
1951
1952
1953
1953 Treasurer 1958–1962
1953
1955
1955
1958
1960 Keeper 1964–1985
1960 Professor of Architecture 1961–1967; Treasurer 1962–1964
1961 Treasurer 1964
1961
1962
1962
1962 Treasurer 1965
1963
1963 Treasurer 1965–70
1964
1965 Uncle of Peter Freeth
1965
1966
1966
1968
1968
1968
1968 Treasurer 1970–1975
1969 Treasurer 1976–1984; President 1984–1993
1969
1969
1969
1970 Treasurer 1975–1976; President 1976–1984
1970
1970
1971
1971
1972 Keeper 1986–1995; Professor of Painting 1986 & 1995–1999
1972
1972
1972 Professor of Architecture 1967–1975
1972
1972
1973
1973 Keeper 1985–1986
1974
1974 Professor of Sculpture 1985–1989
1974
1975
1975 Professor of Architecture 1975–88
1975
1976
1976
1977
1977
1977 Treasurer 1985–1995
1978
1979
1979
1979
1981 Eranda Professor of Drawing 2002–2004
1981
1982
1984
1983 Professor of Architecture 1988–1995
1983
1984
1985 President 1993–1999
1985
1985
1986
1986
1986 Treasurer 1995–1999
1986
1988
1988
1988
1988 Professor of Sculpture 1989–1999; President 1999–2004
1989
1989 Honorary Curator 1985–1991
1989
1989
1989
1990
1991 Professor of Sculpture 2007–2010
1991 Professor of Printmaking
1991
1991
1991
1991
Kenneth Draper1991
Peter Freeth26 June 1991Elected ARA: 30 May 1990 Nephew of Andrew Freeth[1]
1991
1991 Treasurer 2000–2014
1991
1991 Professor of Perspective 2004–2012
1991 Professor of Painting 1999–2010
Bill Jacklin1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991 Keeper 1995–98
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1992
1992
1992
1992
1992 Keeper 1998–2004
1993
1994
1994
1994
1994 President 2004–11
1995 Treasurer 2014–2018
1995
1996
1996 Eranda Professor of Drawing 2000 – 2002; President 2011–2019
1996
1996
1997
1998
1998
1998 Professor of Sculpture 2000–2007
1998 Professor of Architecture 2004–2012
1999
1999 Eranda Professor of Drawing 2018–Present
1999 Keeper 2004–2011
1999
2000
2000
2001
2001 First female Keeper, 2011 – 2017
2001 Professor of Architecture 2013–2017
2001 Eranda Professor of Drawing 2004–2006
2001
2002 Professor of Painting 2011–2015
2002 Professor of Painting 2011–2015
2003
2003
2003
2003
2004
2004 Professor of Perspective 2012–2020
2005
2005
2005
2005
2006
2006
2006
2006 Eranda Professor of Drawing 2016–18
2006 Treasurer 2018–Present
2006 Professor of Sculpture 2011–15
2007
2007 Eranda Professor of Drawing 2011–13
2007
John Carter2007
2007
2007
2008
2008
2008 Eranda Professor of Drawing 2014–16
2009
2009
2009
2009
2010
2010 Professor of Painting 2019–2020
2010
2011
2011
2011
2011
2012
2012
2012
2013
2013 Professor of Painting 2018–2019
2013 Professor of Sculpture 2019–Present
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2013
2014
2014 Professor of Sculpture 2015–2019; Keeper 2020-Present
2014
2014
2014
2014 Keeper 2017–2019; President 2019–Present
2015
2015 Professor of Architecture 2017–Present
2015
2015
2015 Honorary Surveyor
2016
2016
2017
2017 Professor of Perspective 2020–Present
2017
2017 Left the RA in 2020[2]
2018
2018 Professor of Painting 2020–Present
2018
2019
2019
Rana Begum2019
2021
2021
2021
2021
2022
2022
2022
2022
2022
2022
2022
2022
2022
28 March 2023[3]
Stephanie Macdonald and Tom Emerson (6a architects) 28 March 2023[4]
31 May 2023[5]
31 May 2023[6]
14 December 2023[7]
14 December 2023[8]
19 March 2024[9]
19 March 2024[10]
6 June 2024[11]
6 June 2024[12]

Honorary Royal Academicians

This is a partial list of Honorary Royal Academicians (Post-nominal: HonRA), academicians of the Royal Academy of Arts in London. A full list is available on the web pages of the Royal Academy Collections.

!Name!ElectedHonRA!Preferred Media!Notes!Ref.
Louis Gallait15 December 1869Painting[13]
Jean-Léon Gérôme15 December 1869Painting, Sculpture, and Printmaking[14]
Jean-Baptiste Claude Eugène Guillaume15 December 1869Sculpture[15]
Louis Pierre Henriquel-Dupont15 December 1869Painting and Printmaking[16]
Ernest Meissonier15 December 1869Painting, Sculpture, and Printmaking[17]
Eugène Viollet-le-Duc15 December 1869Architecture[18]
Ludwig Knaus29 December 1882Painting[19]
Adolph Menzel12 February 1896Painting, Printmaking, and Illustration[20]
Jules Breton31 January 1899Painting[21]
Léon Bonnat27 January 1904Painting[22]
Emmanuel Frémiet27 January 1904Sculpture[23]
Jozef Israëls9 January 1906Painting and Printmaking[24]
Augustus Saint-Gaudens9 January 1906Sculpture[25]
Antonin Mercié23 January 1908Sculpture and Painting[26]
Jean-Paul Laurens27 January 1909Painting[27]
Albert Bartholomé1 March 1921Sculpture and Painting[28]
Paul-Albert Besnard1 March 1921Painting[29]
Ragnar Östberg10 June 1930Architecture[30]
Cass Gilbert5 December 1930Architecture[31]
Lucien Simon5 December 1930Painting[32]
Pierre Bonnard26 April 1940Painting, Printmaking, and Lithography[33]
Carl Milles26 April 1940Sculpture[34]
André Dunoyer de Segonzac24 April 1947Painting, Book illustration, and Printmaking[35]
Ivar Tengbom24 April 1947Architecture[36]
Walter Gropius20 April 1967Architecture[37]
Oskar Kokoschka24 April 1970Painting[38]
Giacomo Manzù24 April 1970Sculpture and Painting
Marc Chagall9 May 1979Painting
Joan Miró22 May 1980Painting and Sculpture
Josep Lluís Sert22 May 1980Architecture[39]
Balthus17 December 1981Painting
Stanley William Hayter17 December 1981Printmaking, Etching, Line engraving, and Painting
Eduardo Chillida18 May 1983Sculpture
Willem de Kooning18 May 1983Painting
Jean Dubuffet17 January 1985Painting
Ralph Erskine (architect)17 January 1985Architecture and Town-planning
Rufino Tamayo20 May 1985Painting[40]
Jørn Utzon20 May 1985Architecture
Nikos Hadjikyriakos-Ghikas11 December 1986Painting, Sculpture, Printmaking, Theatre design, and Book illustration[41]
Maria Helena Vieira da Silva4 May 1988Painting
Jasper Johns7 December 1989Painting and Printmaking
Richard Diebenkorn27 May 1992Painting
Antoni Tàpies27 May 1992Painting
I. M. Pei10 December 1993Architecture
Frank Stella10 December 1993Painting
Roy Lichtenstein23 May 1994Painting
Arata Isozaki23 May 1994Architecture
Richard Serra22 May 1995Sculpture
Anselm Kiefer29 May 1996Painting, Sculpture, Installation art, and Artists' books
Andrew Wyeth29 May 1996Painting
Roberto Matta19 May 1997[42]
Frank Gehry21 May 1998Architecture
Cy Twombly21 May 1998Painting
Mimmo Paladino26 May 1999Sculpture, Painting, and Printmaking
Georg Baselitz26 May 1999Painting and Sculpture
Robert Rauschenberg18 May 2000Painting, Sculpture, and Printmaking
Ellsworth Kelly24 May 2001
Bruce Nauman24 May 2001Sculpture, Photography, Video art, Drawing, Printmaking, and Performance
Tadao Ando29 May 2002Architecture
James Turrell29 May 2002Sculpture and Installation art
Daniel Libeskind23 May 2003Architecture
Edward Ruscha26 May 2004Painting, Printmaking, Photography, Drawing, Film making, and Artists' books
Renzo Piano31 May 2007Architecture
Rebecca Horn10 March 2009Sculpture, Installation art, Performance, and Film making
Julian Schnabel8 December 2009Painting and Film making
Jeff Koons16 March 2010Painting and Sculpture
Cindy Sherman16 March 2010Photography
Ai Weiwei26 May 2011Sculpture, Installation art, Architecture, and Film making
Per Kirkeby28 May 2011Painting and Sculpture
Marina Abramović27 September 2011Performance
Helen Frankenthaler27 September 2011
Rosemarie Trockel13 March 2013Sculpture and Painting
Marlene Dumas13 March 2013Painting and Drawing
Peter Zumthor12 March 2014Architecture
El Anatsui12 March 2014Sculpture
William Kentridge10 December 2014Sculpture, Film making, Graphic design, Engraving, and Animation
Jim Dine10 December 2014Painting, Watercolour, Assemblage, Happenings, Lithography, Photography, Sculpture, and Performance art
Olafur Eliasson9 March 2016Sculpture and Installation art
Jenny Holzer9 March 2016Printmaking and Sculpture
Bill Viola1 June 2017Installation art, Video art, and Film making
Kiki Smith1 June 2017Sculpture, Printmaking, and Artists' books
Wim Wenders19 March 2018Film making and Photography
Laurie Anderson19 March 2018Performance and Film making
Carmen Herrera30 May 2019Painting
Kara Walker30 May 2019Painting, Printmaking, Illustration, Film making, and Silhouettist
Pipilotti Rist9 September 2021Video art and Installation art
Ellen Gallagher9 September 2021Painting, Video art, and Film making
13 December 2022[43]
14 December 2023[44]
14 December 2023[45]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Peter Freeth Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230605215747/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/peter-freeth-ra . 5 June 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  2. Web site: Gilbert and George quit Royal Academy over dashed hopes for major exhibition . 2020-07-13 . The Guardian. London. 12 July 2020 .
  3. Web site: Hurvin Anderson Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230519123932/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/hurvin-anderson-ra . 19 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  4. Web site: Tom Emerson and Stephanie Macdonald Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230519123735/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/tom-emerson-and-stephanie-macdonald-ra . 19 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  5. Web site: Nigel Coates Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230717205102/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/nigel-coates-ra . 17 July 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  6. Web site: Elsie Owusu Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230717205528/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/elsie-owusu-ra . 17 July 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  7. Web site: Oona Grimes Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20240207125838/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/oona-grimes-ra . 7 February 2024 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  8. Web site: Goshka Macuga Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20240207125212/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/goshka-macuga-ra . 7 February 2024 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  9. Web site: Claudette Johnson Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20240517120940/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/claudette-johnson-ra . 17 May 2024 . 17 May 2024 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  10. Web site: Helen Sear Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20240517120724/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/helen-sear-ra . 17 May 2024 . 17 May 2024 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  11. Web site: Sikelela Owen Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20240716122723/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/sikelela-owen-ra . 16 July 2024 . 16 July 2024 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  12. Web site: Caragh Thuring Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20240716122511/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/caragh-thuring-ra . 16 July 2024 . 16 July 2024 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  13. Web site: Louis Gallait Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230504124415/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/louis-gallait-hon-ra . 4 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  14. Web site: Jean Léon Gérôme Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230504124903/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/jean-leon-gerome-hon-ra . 4 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  15. Web site: Claude Guillaume Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230504130909/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/claude-guillaume-hon-ra . 4 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  16. Web site: Louis Pierre Henriquel-Dupont Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230504130105/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/louis-pierre-henriquel-dupont-hon-ra . 4 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  17. Web site: Ernest Meissonier Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230504131434/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/ernest-meissonier-hon-ra . 4 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  18. Web site: Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230504125248/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/eugene-emmanuel-viollet-le-duc-hon-ra . 4 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  19. Web site: Ludwig Knaus Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511115032/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/ludwig-knaus-hon-ra . 11 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  20. Web site: Adolph Menzel Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230509153334/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/adolph-menzel-hon-ra . 9 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  21. Web site: Jules Breton Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230509155511/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/jules-breton-hon-ra . 9 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  22. Web site: Léon Bonnat Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230509155108/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/leon-bonnat-hon-ra . 9 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  23. Web site: Emmanuel Frémiet Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511120520/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/emmanuel-fremiet-hon-ra . 11 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  24. Web site: Jozef Israels Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511115449/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/jozef-israels-hon-ra . 11 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  25. Web site: Augustus Saint-Gaudens Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511113257/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/augustus-saint-gaudens-hon-ra . 11 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  26. Web site: Antonin Mercié Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230509160034/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/antonin-mercie-hon-ra . 9 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  27. Web site: Jean Paul Laurens Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230509153907/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/jean-paul-laurens-hon-ra . 9 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  28. Web site: Albert Bartholomé Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230509154327/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/albert-bartholome-hon-ra . 9 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  29. Web site: Albert Besnard Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230509154718/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/albert-besnard-hon-ra . 9 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  30. Web site: Ragnar Östberg Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511112204/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/ragnar-ostberg-hon-ra . 11 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  31. Web site: Cass Gilbert Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511112519/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/cass-gilbert-hon-ra . 11 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  32. Web site: Lucien Simon Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511114618/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/lucien-simon-hon-ra . 11 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  33. Web site: Pierre Bonnard Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511112918/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/pierre-bonnard-hon-ra . 11 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  34. Web site: Carl Milles Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230504122836/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/carl-milles-hon-ra . 4 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  35. Web site: André Dunoyer de Segonzac Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511113531/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/andre-dunoyer-de-segonzac-hon-ra . 11 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  36. Web site: Ivar Tengbom Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230504123313/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/ivar-tengbom-hon-ra . 4 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  37. Web site: Walter Gropius Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511115955/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/walter-gropius-hon-ra . 11 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  38. Web site: Oskar Kokoschka Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230504131959/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/oskar-kokoschka-hon-ra . 4 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  39. Web site: Josep Lluís Sert Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511114145/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/josep-lluis-sert-hon-ra . 11 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  40. Web site: Rufino Tamayo Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230504133521/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/rufino-tamayo-hon-ra . 4 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  41. Web site: Ghika Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230504135049/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/ghika-hon-ra . 4 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  42. Web site: Matta Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20230504140846/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/matta-hon-ra . 4 May 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  43. Web site: Kerry James Marshall Artist Royal Academy of Arts . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230222120214/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/kerry-james-marshall-hon-ra . 22 February 2023 . 22 February 2023 . Royal Academy of Arts.
  44. Web site: Joan Jonas Artist Royal Academy of Arts . https://web.archive.org/web/20240517114242/https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/joan-jonas-hon-ra . 17 May 2024 . 17 May 2024 . Royal Academy of Arts.
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