List of crinoid genera explained

This list of crinoid genera is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been considered to be crinoids, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomina dubia), or were not formally published (nomina nuda), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered crinoids.

Naming conventions and terminology

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). Technical terms used include:

A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.

Columnals

Stukalina proposed a classification of columnals.[1] [2] Most families in this classification are based on a single genus. It may also be that separate families have been erected for different parts of the stem of a single crinoid genus. No families have been added for columnal genera in the initial input of data in the following table. These genera may be identified by the use of "[columnal]" in the family column of the table. It should also be noted that, where the same generic name has been used for columnals and cups/crowns, there is often considerable uncertainty that they actually belong in the same genus. As studies of columnals continue, it is hoped that things will improve and a classification will emerge that is based on the whole animal.

Notes and References

  1. Stukalina, G. A., 1966. On the principles of classification of Paleozoic crinoid stems. Paleontological Journal(3), pp 94-102
  2. Stukalina, G. A., 1988. Studies in Paleozoic crinoid-columnals and stems. Palaeontographica, v. 204, pp 1-66
  3. Web site: Bowsher, A. L. . 1955 . New genera of Mississippian camerate crinoids, Echinodermata Article 1 . 0075-5044. The Paleontological Institute, The University of Kansas. 1–23 .
  4. Webster, G.D. Bibliography and index of paleozoic crinoids, coronates and hemistreptocrinoids, 1758-2012. https://crinoids.azurewebsites.net/
  5. Webster, G. D. . 1981 . New crinoids from the Naco Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian) of Arizona and a revision of the Family Cromyocrinidae . SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology . Journal of Paleontology . 55 . 6 . 1176–1199 . 1304548 .
  6. Web site: Moore, R. C.. Plummer, F. B.. 1940 . Crinoids from the Upper Carboniferous and Permian strata in Texas . University of Texas Publication 3945. 1–468 .
  7. Angelin, N. P., 1878. Iconographia Crinoideorum. in stratis Sueciae Siluricis fossilium. Samson and Wallin, Holmiae, 62pp
  8. Laudon, L. R. . Severson, J. L. . 1953 . New crinoid fauna, Mississippian, Lodgepole Formation, Montana . Journal of Paleontology . 27 . 4 . 505–536 . 1300177 .
  9. Strimple, H. L. . 1963 . Crinoids of the Hunton Group . Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin 100 . University of Oklahoma .
  10. Gary Lane, N. . 1963 . Two new Mississippian camerate (Batocrinidae) crinoid genera . Journal of Paleontology . 37 . 3 . 691–702 . University of California . Los Angeles. 1301386 .
  11. Bohatý, J. . 2005 . Doppellagige Kronenplaten: Ein neues anatomisches Merkmal paläozoischer Crinoiden und Revision der Familie Cupressocrinitidae (Devon) . Paläontologische Zeitschrift . 79 . 2 . 201–225 . 10.1007/BF02990185 . de . Double-layered crown plates: A new anatomical feature of Paleozoic crinoids and revision of the family Cupressocrinitidae (Devonian).
  12. Kolata, D. R. . 1982 . Sprinkle, J. . Echinoderm faunas from the Bromide Formation (Middle Ordovician) of Oklahoma . University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Monograph 1 . 170–205 . The University of Kansas Paleontological Institute. Lawrence, Kansas . 0278-9744.
  13. Wanner, J., 1920. Über Armlose Krinoiden aus dem jüngeren Palaeozoikum. Verhandelingen Geologie Mijnbouw Genootoch, Geologic Series, v. 5, p. 21-35
  14. Book: Alcide d'Orbigny, M. . 1850–1852 . Prodrome du paléontologie stratigraphique universelle des animaux mollusques et rayonnés faisant suite au cours élémentaire de plaéontologie et de géologie stratigraphique . v.1 . Paris . Victor Masson.
  15. Miller, S. A. . Gurley, W.F.E. . 1888 . Description of some new genera and species of Echinodermata from the Coal Measures and Subcarboniferous rocks of Indiana, Missouri, and Iowa . Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources, 16th Annual Report . 327–373 . registration . scholarworks.iu.edu.
  16. Wachsmuth, C.. Springer, F.. 1897 . The North American Crinoidea Camerata . Harvard College Museum of Comparative Zoology . Memoirs . 21 . 360–897 .
  17. Roemer, F. A. . 1850. Acanthocrinus, ein neues Krinoiden-Genus . Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie . 679–680 . de . Acanthocrinus, a new Crinoid genus.
  18. Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1979. Стебли Палеозойских лилий Прибалтики (Верхний Ордовик) [Stems of Paleozoic crinoids from the Pribaltic (Upper Ordovician)]. Вопросы палеонтологии, v. 8, pp 94-106 In Russian
  19. Biese, Walter. 1935–1937. Crinoidea jurassica. In W. Quenstedt, ed., Fossilium Catalogus, I. Animalia, pt. 70, 73, 76. W. Junk. s’Gravenhage. 739 p.
  20. Hess, H. & Messing, C. 2011. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part T. Echinodermata 2 Revised. Crinoidea Volume 3. The University of Kansas Paleontological Institute Lawrence, Kansas. 291 + xxx pp. url=https://journals.ku.edu/InvertebratePaleo/issue/view/486
  21. Wanner, J., 1924. Die permischen Krinoiden von Timor. Jaarbook van net Mijnwezen Nederlandes Oost-Indie, Verhandlungen (1921), Gedeelte, v. 3, pp 1-348
  22. Sisova, E. N., 1979. Флорициклиди позднего девона Восточного Казахстана и Средней Азии [Floricyclids of the Late Devonian of eastern Kazakhstan and central Asia]. Ежегодник Всесоюзного Палеонтологического Общества, v. 22, pp 166-172 In Russian
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  30. Kirk, E. . 1947 . Three new genera of inadunate crinoids from the Lower Mississippian. . American Journal of Science . 245 . 5 . 287–303 . 10.2475/ajs.245.5.287 .
  31. Pabian, R. K., and Strimple, H. L., 1985. Classification, paleoecology and biostratigraphy of crinoids from the Stull Shale (Late Pennsylvanian) of Nebraska, Kansas, and Iowa. University of Nebraska State Museum Bulletin, v. 11, pp 1-81
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  38. Strimple, H. L. . 1973 . Aenigmocrinus, a new Chesteran crinoid genus . Fossil Crinoid Studies, University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 66 . 3 . 15–18 . 0075-5052.
  39. Ubaghs, G. . 1969 . Aethocrinus moorei Ubaghs N. Gen., N. sp., le Plus ancien Crinoide dicyclique Connu . University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 38 . 1–25 .
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  42. Knapp, W.D. . 1969 . Declinida, a new order of late Paleozoic inadunate crinoids . Journal of Paleontology . 43 . 2 . 340–391 . 1302315 .
  43. Hall, J. . 1858 . Chapter 8. Palaeontology of Iowa . Report of the Geological Survey of the State of Iowa. Embracing the Results of Investigations Made During Portions of the Years 1855, 56 &. 57 . 1 . part II; Palaeontology. 473–724 .
  44. Owen, D. D. . Shumard, B. F. . 1852 . Descriptions of seven new species of crinoidea from the subcarboniferous of Iowa and Illinois . Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 2 . 2 . 89–94 .
  45. Schewtschenko, T. W., 1967. Раннедевонские морские лилии семейства Parahexacrinidae fam. nov. Servschanskogo hrebta. Палеонтологический журнал, no. 3, pp 76-88 in Russian
  46. Schewtschenko, T. W., 1968. Early Devonian sea lilies of the family Parahexacrinidae fam. nov. from the Zeravshan stage. Paleontological Journal. no. 3, pp 76-88
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  48. Clark A.H. . 1913 . Notes on the recent crinoids in the British Museum . Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections . 61 . 15 . 1–89 .
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