List of former equipment of the Finnish Army explained

This is an (incomplete) list of former equipment used by the Finnish Army. For current equipment, see here.

Tanks and other armoured vehicles

Cold War era tanks

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
PT-76
PT-A
Amphibious light tank
Driver training tank
12 units
8 units
In use between 1963 and 1994. Some PT-76s were converted into the PT-A training tanks (for the BTR-50) after they stopped being used as light tanks.
T-72M1
T-72M1K
T-72M1K1
Main battle tank
Command tank
Command tank
157 units
3 units
2 units
In use between 1984 and 2006, 63 T-72M1 and T-72M1K from the Soviet Union in 1984–86, and 97 from ex-East Germany in 1992 (of these 66 were made in Czechoslovakia, and 33 were made in Poland). 162 units total.
T-55,
after modernization T-55M
T-55K,
after modernization T-55MK
Main battle tank
Command tank
64 units
10 units
In use since 1966, modernized in 1989, total 74 units, 9 still in use 2021.
T-54Main battle tank43 unitsThe variant is the T-54-3, also known as M1951. It was in use between 1959 and 1969 (and removed from storage in 2005), 43 units.[3]
Comet Mk I Model BCruiser tank41 unitsIn use between 1960 and 1971.
Charioteer Mk VII Model BMedium tank38 unitsIn use between 1958 and 1980.
MTU-20Bridge laying tank4 units

World War II tanks

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
ISU-152
ISU-152V
Self-propelled gun
Armoured recovery vehicle
1 unit
1 unit
The standard ISU-152 was captured, operated and abandoned in 1944. Another was captured in 1944 and rebuilt into an armoured recovery vehicle and was used between 1944 and 1959.
Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf. JMedium tank15 unitsIn use between 1944 and 1962.
Sturmgeschütz 40G (Stu-40)
Sturmgeschütz III Ausf. G (StuG III)
Assault gun30 units
29 units
In use between 1943 and 1966.
In use between 1944 and 1966.
KV-1E m 1941
KV-1 m 1942
Heavy tank1 unit
1 unit
In use between 1943 and 1954.
In use between 1942 and 1954.
T-50Light infantry tank1 unitModified in Finland with additional armour. In use between 1942 and 1954.
T-34-76
T-34-85
Medium tank9 units
9 units
The short-barreled tanks were m 1941, m 1942 and m 1943 models. These were captured vehicles that were in use between 1941 and 1961.
The T34-85 were in use between 1944 and 1961. Two units were registered in the inventory, but were never in operational use.
BT-42Assault gun18 unitsModified Soviet BT-7 tank. In use between 1943 and 1956.
BT-43Armoured personnel carrier1 unitModified Soviet BT-7 tank. In use between 1944 and 1945.
BT-2
BT-5
BT-7
Cavalry tank15 units
62 units
53 units
Several captured in the Winter War and in 1941. The tank was in use only during 1941 and was soon replaced by the T-26 due to its poor reliability. The remaining tanks were either stored, rebuilt, dismantled (turrets being included into permanent casements), or scrapped.
T-28,
later modified to T-28E standard
T-28E
T-28V
Medium tank
Medium tank
Armoured recovery vehicle
6 units
1 unit
1 unit
Two m 1938 were captured in the Winter War and the remainder in 1941. In use from 1939 to 1950. The T-28V was a modified T-28E and was used from 1945 to 1950.
T-20 m 1937,
T-20 m 1938, 1939
Artillery tractor33 units
184 units
In use from 1939 to 1959.
T-38 and T-38M-2
T-38-34
T-38-KV
Amphibious light tank19 units
11 units
4 units
The -34 and -KV were driver training tanks for the T-34 and KV-series of tanks. In use 1939 to 1945.
In use 1944 to 1959.
In use 1944 to 1959.
T-37A tankAmphibious light tank29 unitsIn use 1939 to 1942.
T-26 m 1931
T-26 m 1933
T-26 m 1937 and T-26 m 1939
OT-26
OT-130
OT-133
T-26E
T-26T
Light tank
Light tank
Light tank
Flamethrower tank
Flamethrower tank
Flamethrower tank
Light tank
Artillery tractor
12 units
63 units
36 units
2 units
4 units
3 units
63 units
6 units
In use 1939 to 1945.
In use 1939 to 1959.
In use 1939 to 1959.
In use 1939 to 1945.
In use 1941 to 1942.
In use 1942
In use 1939 to 1959.
In use 1942 to 1959.

Pre-war tanks

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
Vickers 6-TonLight tank32 unitsIn use 1933 to 1959.
Vickers-Carden-Lloyd Model 1933
Vickers-Carden-Lloyd Mk VI
Tankette1 unit
1 unit
Only in use in 1933.
Saint-Charmond modèle 1921Light tank1 unitIn use 1923 to 1937.
Renault FT-17Light tank34 unitsIn use 1919 to 1942.

IFVs and APCs

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
Infantry fighting vehicles
BMP-1
BMP-1TJ
BMP-K1
BMP-PS
BMP-1K
Infantry fighting vehicle
Forward observation post vehicle
Command vehicle
_
Command vehicle
195 unitsIn use between 1982 and 2004. Bought in two batches (85 in 1981 from the Soviet Union and 110 from ex-East German stocks in the beginning of the 1990s).
Armoured personnel carriers (tracked)
BTR-50
BTR-50PK
BTR-50PU
after modernization:
BTR-50YVI
BTR-50YVI-EK
BTR-50PUM
BTR-50PUM1
BTR-50PUM2
Armoured personnel carrier
Armoured Personnel Carrier
Command vehicle
_
Command vehicle
HQ vehicle
Armoured Personnel Carrier
Armoured Personnel Carrier
Armoured Personnel Carrier
118 units
110 units
8 units
_
40 units
_
_
_
Few
In use between 1980s–2010s. The YVI came in 5 different versions.
Armoured personnel carriers (wheeled)
BTR-60
BTR-60PA
BTR-60PB
BTR-60PUM
BTR-60 R-145BM
BTR-60PBK
Armoured personnel carrier?
1 unit
83 units
Few
Few
Few
In use between 1980s–2000s. Total 112 units.
BTR-80Armoured personnel carrier2 unitsTest vehicles, later converted to command vehicles in BTR-60 units.
Valmet 1912-6Armoured Personnel Carrier1 unit1 prototype unit (lost competition to Sisu XA-180)
VKArmoured Personnel Carrier1 unit1 prototype unit (lost competition to Sisu XA-180)

Armoured cars

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
BA-10
BA-10N
Armoured car24 unitsIn use between 1939 and 1959.
BA-6
BA-3
Armoured car10 units
1 unit
In use between 1944 and 1956
In use between 1944 and 1954.
FAI-M
BA-20
BA-20M
Armoured car18 unitsIn use between 1939 and 1956.
FAIArmoured car3 unitsIn use between 1943 and 1950.
D-8Armoured car1 unitIn use between 1941 and 1942.
Landsverk 182Armoured car1 unitIn use between 1936 and 1941.
Armoured car1 unitIn use between 1918–early 1920s.
Austin Model 1917Armoured car? unitsIn use between 1918–early 1920s.
PeerlessArmoured car? units

Various vehicles

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
Sisu NasuTracked articulated vehicleIn use between 1980s–2017. 27 NA-122 self-propelled mortars and 12 NA-123 ammunition supply vehicles are still in use.
Bandvagn 202Tracked articulated vehicle15 units
MAZ-537GTank transporter6 units[4] Pulling the ChMZAP-5247G semi-trailer.
GT-SMTracked transport vehicle
ATS-59Artillery tractor28 unitsIn use between 1965 and 2002.
Artillery tractor50 unitsIn use between 1960 and 2002.
Raupenschlepper OstArtillery tractor20 unitsIn use between 1943–.
Sisu KB-45Off-road lorry83 unitsIn use between 1965 and 2008.
Sisu A-45Off-road lorryAbout 500 unitsIn use between 1970 and 2008.
Vanaja VAKSMilitary truck155 unitsIn use between 1960–.
Vanaja NS-47Military truck38 unitsIn use between 1962–.
Sd.Kfz. 9Half-track2 unitsIn use between 1943–. Recovery vehicle, arrived with the purchase of the StuG III assault guns.
Büssing-Nag 4500 ALorryIn use between 1943 and 1945.
M2 half-track carHalf-track213 unitsIn use between 1948 and 1964.
McCormick TD-14Artillery tractorIn use between 1940 until the 1950s.
Ford ThamesMilitary truck115 units
ZIL-157Military truck86 unitsIn use between 1962 until the 1990s.
KrAZ-255BMilitary truckIn use between 1962 until the 2010s.
ZIL-131Military truckAbout 400 unitsIn use between 1973 until the 2010s.
UAZ-452Off-road van170pxIn use between 1973 until the 2010s.
UAZ-469
UAZ-315126
Off-road military light utility vehicle250+ units170pxIn use between 1976 until the 2000s.
GAZ-51Military truck100 unitsIn use between 1962 until 1970s.
GAZ-66Off-road lorry440 units170pxIn use between 1972 until the 2000s.
GAZ-69Off-road military light utility vehicle170px
Unimog DMilitary truck99 unitsIn use between 1955 until ?.
Unimog GMilitary truck69 unitsIn use between 1955 until ?.
Valmet 702Tractor
Fabrique Nationale AS 24[5] Motorized tricycle

Railroad artillery

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
305/52 ORautRailway gun3 unitsSoviet TM-3-12 railroad guns. In use 1943–1944.
180/57 NRautRailway gun4 unitsSoviet TM-1-180 guns. In use 1941–1944.
152/45 ORautRailway gun4 unitsIn use 1924–1964.
130/50 ORautRailway gununitsIn use 1964–1972.
Armored trainArmored trainIn use 1918–.

Rocket launchers

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
122 RAKH 76Multiple rocket launcher34 unitsBM-21 Grad. In use between 1976–2000s.
280 RAKH 44Multiple rocket launcher15 unitsIn use between 1944–.
150 RAKH 44Multiple rocket launcher15 units15 cm Nebelwerfer 41. In use between 1944–.

Howitzers

Heavy howitzers (150–210 mm)

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
210 H 17
Heavy howitzer4 units21 cm Mörser 16. In use between 1939–1960s.
203 H 17Heavy howitzer32 units8 in Howitzer Mk 7 (Vickers Mk 6). In use between 1940–1960s.
155 H 17, 12 units later modified to 152 H 15-17Howitzer151 unitsCanon de 155 C modèle 1917 Schneider. 12 were rebarreled to 152mm in 1944 and thereafter known as 152 H 15-17. In use between 1920s–1980s
155 H 15Howitzer24 unitsIn use between 1939–1960s
152 H 88-40
Howitzer42 unitsA modernized German 15 cm sFH 18 howitzer fitted with a new 152 mm barrel. Original Finnish designation 150 H 40. In use between 1988 and 2007
152 H 88-37
Howitzer64 unitsA modernized Soviet 152 mm ML-20 howitzer fitted with a new barrel. Original Finnish designation 152 H 37. In use between 1988 and 2007
152 H 88-31
Howitzer21 unitsA modernized Soviet 122mm A-19 gun converted to a howitzer by fitting a new 152 mm L/32 barrel. Finnish Army designation for the original A-19 version was 122 K 31. In use between 1988 and 2007
152 H 55Howitzer126 unitsSoviet 152 mm towed D-20 howitzer bought from ex-East German stocks. In use between 1991 and 2017.
152 H 38Howitzer102 unitsFour were later modified into the 152 H 38M. In use between 1941–.
152 H 37-31<>HowitzerModernized 122 K 31 guns.
152 H 37Howitzer66 unitsLater modernized into the 152 H 37 A and 152 H 88-37A. In use between 1942 and 1988.
152 H 30Howitzer1 unitExperimental gun, captured in the Continuation War. In use between 1941 and 1944.
152 H 17Howitzer8 unitsIn use between 1924–.
152 H 15Howitzer4 unitsIn use between 1924–.
152 H 09-30Howitzer109 unitsIn use between 1939–1980s.
152 H 10Howitzer9 unitsIn use between 1918 and 1966.
150 H 40Howitzer48 units42 units were later modernized into the 152 H 88-40. In use between 1940 and 1988.
150 H 15Howitzer20 unitsIn use between 1940 and 1962.
155 H 15 and 155 H 10-30<>HowitzerAbout 232 unitsIn use between 1939–1960s
150 H 14 JHowitzer12 unitsIn use between 1918 and 1939.
150 H 06Howitzer12 unitsIn use between 1940 and 1944.

Medium howitzers (105–122 mm)

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
122 H 38Howitzer41 units[6] In use between 1942 and 1975
122 H 10-30
Howitzer247 units[7] In use between 1939–.
122 H 10
later modernized to 122 H 10-40
Howitzer39 unitsIn use between 1918–.
122 H 09-30
Howitzer25 units[8] In use between 1939–.
122 H 09
later modernized to 122 H 09-40
Howitzer31 units[9] In use between 1918–.
120 H 13Howitzer13 unitsIn use between 1940–.
120 H 05HowitzerIn use between 1918 and 1944.
120 MH 01Howitzer2 unitsIn use between 1918–.
114 H 18Howitzer54 unitsIn use between 1939–. Later used in the BT-42 assault gun.
105 H 41-18Howitzer1 unitIn use between 1941 and the 1960s.
105 H 41Howitzer27 units[10] In use between 1941 and the 1960s.
105 H 37Howitzer134 unitsLicense manufactured Swedish 10,5 cm fälthaubits L/22, 134 units, all modified into 105 H 37-40 in the 1960s, and into 105 H 61-37 in 1961. 40 were given to Estonia. In use between 1942–1990s.
105 H 33-40Howitzer8 unitsIn use between 1944–.
105 H 33Howitzer53 unitsIn use between 1944–.
105 H 36-09Howitzer
105 VH 10Mountain howitzer4 unitsIn use between 1940 and 1944.

Field guns

Heavy field guns (130–155 mm)

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
155 K (93)Field gun1 unitIn use between 1993–
155 K (91)Field gun1 unitIn use between 1991–
155 K (88)Field gun1 unitIn use between 1988–
155 K 74Field gunIn use between 1981–
155 K 68Field gun13 unitsIn use between 1970s–.
155 K 17Field gun12 units170pxIn use between 1941 and 1944
152 KH X 67Field gun2 unitsIn use between 1967–
130 K 90-60Field gun15 unitsModernized 122 K 60. In use between 1990–.
130 K 54Field gun322 units156 from the Soviet Union 1965–1973, and another 166 in 1993 from Germany after the unification. In use between 1965 and 2019.

Medium field guns (105–122 mm)

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
122 K 60Field gun15 unitsLater modernized into 130 K 90–60. In use between 1960 and 1990.
122 K 31Field gun29 unitsIn use between 1941 and the 1970s.
120 K 78-31Field gun24 unitsIn use between 1940 and the 1960s.
120 K 78-16Field gun72 unitsIn use between 1940 and the 1960s.
107 K 13Field gun2 unitsIn use between 1940 and the 1960s.
107 K 10Field gun9 unitsIn use between 1940 and the 1960s.
105 KH 36Field gun1 unitEquipped with a replacement barrel. In use between 1940 and the 1960s.
105 K 34Field gun12 unitsIn use between 1940 and the 1960s.
105 K 29Field gun54 unitsIn use between 1941–.
105 K 13Field gun22 unitsIn use between 1940–.
105 K 10Field gun4 unitsIn use between 1943–. Modified 107 K 10 guns.

Light field guns (63–84 mm)

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
84 K 18Field gun30 unitsIn use between 1940 and 1960
77 K 96Field gun8 units[11] In use between 1918 and 1926
76 K 42Field gun12 unitsIn use between 1944–.
76 K 39Field gun9 unitsIn use between 1939–.
76 VK 38Field gun9 units[12] In use between 1939 and 1951.
76 K 36Field gun76 unitsIn use between 1939 and 1994.
76 RekK 35 or 76 K/DRPField gun2 unitsIn use between 1939 and 1941
76 RK 27-38Field gun1 unitsIn use between 1941–.
76 K 27-kField gun13 unitsIn use between 19 and 19
76 RK 27 and 76 RK 27-39Field gun235 unitsIn use between 1939–.
76 K 23Field gun4 unitsIn use between 1924 and 1945.
76 LK 10-13Mountain gun72 units[13] In use between 1918–.
76 VK 09Mountain gun18 unitsIn use between 1918 and 1946.
76 VK 04Mountain gun11 unitsIn use between 19 and 19
76 K 02-38Field gun
76 K 02Field gun249 units[14] In use between 1918 and 1994.
76 K 02-30Field gun93 unitsIn use between 1941 and 1994.
76 K 02-30/40Field gun14 units[15] In use between 1941 and 1994.
76 K 02-34Field gun1 unitIn use between 1934 and 1941.
76 K 02-38Field gun2 unitsIn use between 1938 and 1942.
76 K 00Field gun34 unitsIn use between 1918–.
75 K 40 A, later 76 K 37Field gun8 unitsIn use between 1940–.
75 K 36Field gun1 unitIn use between 1939–.
75 K 17Field gun200 unitsIn use between 1940–1990s.
75 VK L14Mountain gun12 unitsIn use between 1918 and 1931.
75 K 11Field gun1 unitIn use between 1929–.
75 K 02Field gun36 unitsIn use between 1929–.
75 K 01
Field gun12 unitsIn use between 1940 and 1944.
75 VK 98Mountain gun44 unitsIn use between 1918 and 1937.
75 K 97Field gun48 unitsIn use between 1940 and 1962.
63 K 84Field gun4 unitsIn use between 1918–.

Siege artillery

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
279 M 77Coastal mortar5 units11-inch siege mortar, model 1877. In use between 1918 and 1951.
229 M 77Coastal mortar6 units9-inch siege mortar, model 1877. In use between 1919 and 1944.
155 K 77Siege artillery48 unitsIn use between 1940 and 1944.
152 K 04-200 pSiege artillery4 unitsIn use between 1918 and 1944.
152 K 77-190 pSiege artillery81 unitsIn storage only. In use between 1918–.
152 K 77-120 pSiege artillery102 units[16] In use between 1918 and 1944.
120 K 78Siege artillery102 unitsIn use between 1940 and 1944.
107 K 77-piirkSiege artillery57 units[17] In use between 1918–1940s.
107 K 77-ptrikField gun102 unitsIn use between 1918–.
90 K 77Field gun100 unitsIn use between 1940 and 1944.
87 K 95 and 87 K 95-RField gun87 unitsIn use between 1918 and 1941.
87 K 77Field gun144 units[18] In use between 1918–1930s.
80 K 77Field gun12 unitsIn use between 1940 and 1951.

Mortars

Heavy mortars (160–300 mm)

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
300 KRH 42Mortar6 unitsIn use between 1942 and 1945.
160 KRH 58CMortar60 unitsIn use between 1985–.

Heavy mortars (120 mm)

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
120 KRH 85Mortar60 unitsIn use between 1985 and 2015.
120 KRH 73MortarIn use between 1973–.
120 KRH 65 Y
120 KRH 65-73
Mortar15 units[19]
The 120 KRH 65-73 was in use from 1974. It was developed into the 120 KRH 85, which is still in use today.
120 KRH 62A-HMortarIn use between 1965–. Developed into the Israeli K6, US M120 and M121.
120 KRH 40Mortar377 unitsIn use between 1940 until about 2000. Modernized units are known as 120 KRH 40-76
120 KRH 38MortarAbout 250 unitsIn use between 1938 and 2004. Modernized units are known as 120 KRH 38-42, 120 KRH 38-77 and 120 KRH 38-42-77. These have also been retired.

Medium mortars (81–107 mm)

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
107mm M1938 mortarMortar1 unitSeveral were conquered during WW2 but only one in working condition. Only studied, never in operational use.
82 KRH 41Mortar478 unitsIn use between 1941–.
82 KRH 38Mortar
82 KRH 37MortarIn use between 1937–.
82 KRH 36Mortar
81 KRH 97Mortar4 unitsIn test use between 1997–2000s. Also known as 81 COM 97. Currently on display in museums.
81 KRH 90MortarIn use between 1990–.
81 KRH 71 RTMortar14 units (81 KRH 71 RT)There were a coastal fortress variant called 81 KRH 71 RT, which is no longer in service, while infantry variant 81 KRH 71 Y is still in use alongside its modernised counterpart 81 KRH 71 96. The 81 KRH 71 Y mortar is also installed on Bv 206 vehicles. In use between 1971–.
81 KRH 64 YMortar10 unitsIn use between 1964 and 1985.
81 KRH 56 Y
81 KRH 58P
Mortar20 unitsFirst Finnish 81 mm mortar with a circular baseplate. The 58P was a long-barreled version. In use between 1956 and 1985.
81 KRH 53Mortar
81 KRH 42Mortar24 unitsFinnish short-barreled 81 mm mortar model 1942. In use between 1942–.
81 KRH 39Mortar10 units10 units and 10,000 shells were given to Finland by the UK in 1940 but due to its different operation and small numbers it was never taken into use. They were sold in the 1960s.[20]
81 KRH 38Mortar231 unitsLater modernized and renamed 81 KRH 38 Y. In use between 1938 and 2007.
81 KRH 36Mortar9 units (m/30)
6 units (m/36)
Polish Brandt-type mortar. Later modernized and renamed 81 KRH 36 T 71 Y. In use between 1940 and 2015.
81 KRH 36Mortar227 unitsLater modernized and renamed 81 KRH 36 Y. In use between 1936–.
81 KRH 36Mortar109 unitsLater modernized and renamed 81 KRH 36 Y. In use between 1936–.
81 KRH 35Mortar68 unitsShort-barreled 81 mm mortar model 1935. In use between 1935–.
81 KRH 35Mortar187 unitsLong-barreled 81 mm mortar model 1935. In use between 1935 and 2015. It was modified several times, with new base plates, e.g. 81 KRH 35-60 and 81 KRH 35 T 71
81 KRH 34Mortar25 units[21] In use between 1939 and 1986. After WW2 they were altered to fire around the entire plate, and were given a "Y" designation (81 KRH 34Y)
81 KRH 33Mortar104 units[22] In use between 1933 and 1986.
81 KRH 32Mortar70 units[23] In use between 1932 and 1986.
81 KRH 31Mortar100 unitsIn use between 1940–.
81 KRH 30Mortar16 unitsIn use between 1930–.
81 KRH 26Mortar90 unitsIn use from 1926 until 1936.

Light mortars (47–60 mm)

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
60 KRH 97Mortar5 unitsIn test use between 1997–2000s. Also known as 60 COM 97. Currently on display in museums.
60 TAM 18MortarFew unitsSome sold for testing to Sweden.[24]
60 TAM 15Mortar4 unitsIn test use between 1970s–1980s.
60 KRH 39MortarOnly a few units[25] In use between 1939–.
50 KRH ss-I
50 KRH ss-IV
Mortar50 units
30 units
50 KRH 40
50 KRH 39
50 KRH 38
Mortar1,268 unitsIn use between 1939 and 1959.
47 KRH 41Mortar50 unitsIn use between 1941 and 1948.
47 KRH 40MortarOnly a few unitsIn use between 1940–.
47 KRH 39Mortar6 unitsIn use between 1939 and 1960.

Siege mortars

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
25 cm schwerer MinenwerferTrench mortar2 unitsSold in 1937
170 MH 12Trench mortar6 unitsIn use between 1918 and 1937.
91 MH 16Trench mortar26 unitsIn use between 1918 and 1937.
76 MH 16Trench mortar26 unitsIn use between 1918 and 1937.

Infantry weapons

Light machine guns

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
7.62 PK 26Light machine gun6,200 units
7.62 PK DLight machine gun9,000 units
7.62 PK D PSVLight machine gun650+ units
7.62 PK Lewis
7.70 PK Lewis
Light machine gun60 units
8.00 PK 15Light machine gun5,000 units
Hotchkiss M1909 Benét–Mercié machine gunLight machine gun
Kulsprutegevär m/40Automatic rifleUnits
ZB vz. 26Light machine gunUnits
7.62 KK 54 RPDLight machine gun1,000 units[26]
7.62 PK 20Light machine gun729 units
FM 24/29 light machine gunLight machine gun100 units
7.92 PK FN (FN Mle 30)Automatic rifle700 units
7.92 PK FN (Kg m/21)Automatic rifleunits

Machine guns

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
Hotchkiss M1914 machine gunMachine gun34 unitsUsed initially with Renault FT tanks, later replaced and used by infantry.
DS-39Machine gun200 units
Machine gun35 unitsOnly used for testing 1940–1942.
MG 42Machine gun6 unitsPlans were made to build 4,000 units but machining complications and the end of the war put and end to this.
MG 34Machine gun59 units
MG 08Machine gun1,098 units
MG 08/15Machine gun470 units[27]
MG 08/18
Schwarzlose machine gunMachine gun70 units
Vickers machine gunMachine gun100 units
Maxim M/09-21Machine gunAbout 4,000 unitsMany were obtained as war booty during WW2. In use from 1918 until the 1960s, mothballed until the 1990s.
Maxim M/32-33Machine gun1,200 units
M1895 Colt–Browning machine gunMachine gun100 unitsSaw usage during Finnish Civil War, retired in 1936.

Assault rifles

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
7.62 RK 54 TP
7.62 RK 54
Assault rifle26.000 units[29]
7.62 RK 72Assault rifleUnits

Submachine guns

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
Neuhausen MKMSSubmachine gun282 units
SIG Bergmann 1920 SwitzerlandSubmachine gun1,523 unitsIn use since 1922.
MP 28Submachine gun171 unitsAcquired from Belgium in the spring of 1940. Issued to rear echelon troops during the Continuation War[30]
MP 38Submachine gun160 UnitsDelivered alongside German vehicles
MP 40
Suomi KP/31Submachine gun80,000 units
PPD-34Submachine gunCaptured from Soviet troops; issued to some units in the Continuation War
PPD-34/38
PPD-40Submachine gun150 units
PPSh-41Submachine gun2,500 units
PPS-42
PPS-43
Submachine gunA few hundred units
KP m/44 submachine gunSubmachine gun10,000 units
9.00 kp Sten II
9.00 kp Sten III
Submachine gun76,115 units

Service rifles

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
Berdan M1870Service rifle3,100 units
Carcano M91/38Bolt action rifle74,000 unitsIn use 1940–1950s.
Type 30 rifleBolt action rifle10,500 units
Type 35 rifle
Type 38 rifle
Bolt action rifle7,000+ units
Mannlicher M1895Bolt action rifle2,300 units
Mannlicher M1888Bolt action rifleUnits
AVS-36Automatic rifleHundreds of units
SVT-38
SVT-40
Semi-automatic rifle20,000 units
7.62 KIV M/91
7.62 KIV M/91 RV
7.62 KIV M/07 Karab.
7.62 KIV M/91-24
7.62 KIV M/27
7.62 KIV M/27 RV
7.62 KIV M/28
7.62 KIV M/28-30
7.62 KIV M/39
7.62 KIV M/91-30
7.62 KIV M/38
7.62 KIV M/44











Bolt action rifle210,000 units
Few units
Few units
26,000 units
56,000 units
2,200 units
33,000 units
40,000 units
100,000 units
100,000+ units
2,291 units
see above
Winchester Model 1895Lever-action rifle
7.92 KIV/98 rvBolt action rifle8,000 units
7.92 KIV SAKSALBolt action rifle600 units
6.50 KIV/96Bolt action rifle77,000 units

Handguns

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
7.63 PIST SOVSemi-automatic pistol
11,5 mm Colt[31] Semi-automatic pistol134 units
7.65 PIST m/23
9.00 PIST m/08
Semi-automatic pistol8,000 units
9.00 PIST 35Semi-automatic pistol9,000 units
Mauser C96Semi-automatic pistol1,000+ units
Dreyse M/15Semi-automatic pistol55
Mauser M1914Semi-automatic pistol500 units
7.62 REV NagantRevolver1,400 units
Ruby pistolSemi-automatic pistol10,000 units
Semi-automatic pistol326 units
7.65 mm M/BehollaSemi-automatic pistol100 units
7.65 mm M/SauerSemi-automatic pistolUnitsThe image is of a M1913 6.35 mm while the M1914 was in 7.65 mm. The external resemblance is similar.
Astra 400Semi-automatic pistol100 units
7.65 mm Browning m/1900Semi-automatic pistol1,000 units
Semi-automatic pistol860+ units860 left behind by Swedish volunteers. A few FN 1903s were captured from Russia after independence[32]
Pistol M/07 Husqvarna
7.65 PIST 10 FN
7.65 PIST 22 FN
Semi-automatic pistol2,500 units
2,500 units
9.00 PIST FNSemi-automatic pistol2,400 units
7.65 PIST 15 BerettaSemi-automatic pistol1,500 units
7.65 PIST 19 BerettaSemi-automatic pistolSee above
9.00 PIST 34 BerettaSemi-automatic pistol1,500 units
7.65 PIST 35 BerettaSemi-automatic pistol4,090 units
9.00 PIST 23Semi-automatic pistol3,285 units
7.65 PIST 39Semi-automatic pistol
9.00 PIST 39Semi-automatic pistol1,700 units
7.65 Bayard M/1908Semi-automatic pistol
Ortgies Semi-Automatic PistolSemi-automatic pistolSeveral hundred units

Anti-aircraft weapons

Surface-to-air missiles

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
ITO 86 MMan-portable infrared homing surface-to-air missileSome 80-100 launchers, 912 missiles.Soviet SA-18 Grouse (9K38 Igla) man-portable SAM missiles, in use between 1994 and 2005.
ITO 86Man-portable infrared homing surface-to-air missileSome 160 launchers, 1558 missiles.Soviet SA-16 Gimlet (9K310 Igla-1) man-portable SAM missiles, in use between 1986 and 2005.
ITO 78Man-portable infrared homing surface-to-air missileSome 122 launchers, 1091 missiles.Soviet SA-7b Grail (9K32 Strela-2) man-portable SAM missiles, in use between 1978 until 2000.
ITO 96Surface-to-air missile system3 batteries totalling:
9 TELAR (9A310M1)
9 TEL reload vehicles (9M38M1)
3 target acquisition radars (TAR) (9S18M1)
3 command vehicles (9S470)
115 missiles (9M38M1)
Soviet SA-11 Gadfly (9K37 BUK-M1)
ITO 79Surface-to-air missile system3 batteries, 400 missilesSoviet SA-3 Goa (S-125 Pechora)
ThunderbirdSurface-to-air missile system1 missileBritish surface-to-air missile obtained for familiarization and training purposes.

Self-propelled anti-aircraft guns

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
ITPSV 90Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon6 unitsIn use between 1990 and 2015. British Marksman turret using two Oerlikon 35 mm autocannons mounted on a Polish T-55AM chassis. The turrets were moved to Leopard 2 chassis.[33]
57 ITPSV SU 57-2
Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon12 units
9 units
In use 1961–2006. 9 additional units were obtained from Hungary in the 1990s for upgrade purposes of the old wagons, but the entire programme was scrapped in 1999, when it was decided to end the modernization programmes of old Soviet equipment.[34] The Hungarian vehicles were modernized to the T-55A standard in and were given registration numbers starting with Ps 462, while the older Soviet ones had numbers starting with Ps 461.
Landsverk Anti IISelf-propelled anti-aircraft gun6 unitsIn use between 1942 and 1959.

Heavy anti-aircraft artillery

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
88 ITK 37Anti-aircraft gun90 unitsGerman 88mm Flak gun. In use 1943–1980.
76 ITK 34Anti-aircraft gun12 unitsIn use from 1936
76 ITK 27 BK
76 ITK 28 B
76 ITK 29 B
Anti-aircraft gun8 units
4 units
4 units


In use from 1928. The M27 was mounted on a fixed mount.
76 ITK 16Anti-aircraft gun24 unitsIn use from 1934. Breda 76 mm anti-aircraft gun.
76 ITK 02-34Anti-aircraft gun8 unitsIn use from the 1930s. Russian Obuhov anti-aircraft guns.
76 ITK 14Anti-aircraft gun2 unitsIn use from 1918.
75 ITK 30Anti-aircraft gun9 unitsSwedish 75mm Bofors anti-aircraft gun originally manufactured for Siam.
75 ITK 37Anti-aircraft gun20 unitsIn use from 1940.

Medium anti-aircraft artillery

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
57 ITK 60Anti-aircraft gun24 units[35] Soviet S-60 57 mm anti-aircraft gun. Nicknamed Nikolai. In use from 1960 until 2000.
40 ITK 38Anti-aircraft gun288 unitsSwedish 40 mm Bofors anti-aircraft gun. In use since 1938 until the 1980s.
40 ITK 15Anti-aircraft gun9 units40 mm Pom-Pom gun
37/30 MaAnti-aircraft gun16 units37 mm Pom-Pom gun, in use 1918–1944.
37 ITK 37Anti-aircraft gun4 unitsIn use 1944–1959.
37 ITK 39Anti-aircraft gun1 unitSeveral Soviet 61-K 37 mm anti-aircraft gun were captured but only little ammunition, so only one gun was operational for a short time. In use in 1941.
35 ITK 58Anti-aircraft gun16 unitsLater modernized to 35 ITK 88 standard
30 ITK 62
30 ITK 61 HS
Anti-aircraft gun27 units
3 units
Swiss Hispano-Suiza 30 mm anti-aircraft gun bought in 1962.

Anti-aircraft cannons and machine guns

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
20 ITK HSAnti-aircraft gun2 unitsSwiss Hispano-Suiza 20 mm anti-aircraft gun bought in 1963 and used until 1972 for testing purposes. The name used during the testing was "20 ItK/HS/HS 669/HS 820 L 85".
20 ITK OEAnti-aircraft gun2 unitsSwiss Oerlikon 20 mm anti-aircraft gun bought in 1963 and used until 1975 for testing purposes. The name used during the testing was "20 ItK/Oe/10 ILa/5 TG".
20 TorKK MG-151Anti-aircraft gun
20 ITKIV L-39/44Anti-aircraft gun325 unitsIn use 1944–1950s. Fully-automatic version of the Lahti L-39 anti-tank rifle.
20 ITK 30 M
20 ITK 36 M
20 ITK 36 M2
20 ITK 39 M
20 ITK 40 M
20 ITK 42 M
20 ITK 43 M
Anti-aircraft gun6 units
32 units
1 units
56 units
146 units
50 units
71 units
In total there were 362 cannons in use from 1930 until 1980s.
20 ITK 40 VKTAnti-aircraft gun180 unitsIn use from 1943 until the 1980s.
20 ITK 35Anti-aircraft gun88 unitsItalian Breda Model 35, in use from 1939.
20 ITK 30 BSW
20 ITK 38 BSW
Anti-aircraft gun50 units
113 units
In use from 1939 until the 1960s. In storage until the 1990s.
20 ITK 23Anti-aircraft gun4 unitsIn use from 1924.
8.00 ITKK 36Anti-aircraft machinegun4 units
7.62 ITKK 09-09Anti-aircraft machinegunIn use from 1925 until 1986.
7.62 ITKK 09-21Anti-aircraft machinegunIn use from 1925 until 1986.
7.62 ITKK 32-33Anti-aircraft machinegunIn use from 1925 until 1986.
7.62 ITKK 09-31Anti-aircraft machinegun80+ unitsSoviet quadruple 7.62 mm Maxim machinegun M1931
7.62 ITPK DA-2Anti-aircraft machinegunAircraft variant of the Soviet Degtyaryov machine gun. Many were taken into use as AA-rifles.
7.62 ITKK 31 VKT
7.62 ITKK 31-40 VKT
Anti-aircraft machinegun135 units
475 units
7.62 ITKK L33/39Anti-aircraft machinegun130 unitsMainly used on small craft in the Finnish Navy

Radars

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
Radioluotain (RL) m/40 Raija
GEMA FuMG 40 G Freya LZ-Stand (Freya radar)
Early warning radar4 unitsTwo in use from 30 March 1943, and two more 20–23 June 1944. Range approx. 100 km.
Radioluotain (RL) m/39 Würzburg T Irja
Telefunken FuSE 62 Würzburg T/D ("Dora")
Gun laying radar8 unitsMobile radar units. Range: 20–30 km. In operation 1943–1950s.
Radioluotain (RL) m/4? Riitta
Telefunken FuSE 65 Würzburg-Riese
Gun laying and tracking radar4 unitsIn use 1944-03-10
Liisa
FuG 202 Lichtenstein
Airborne radar8 unitsArrived on 1944-03-10 but were not taken into use during the war.
m/45 Maija
FuMO 1 Seetakt
Maritime surveillance radar4 units3 arrived in December 1943, and 1 in January 1944.
Vesa
Seeburg-Tisch
Mechanical Plotting table
AN/TPS-1EEarly warning radarBought as a gap-filler in 1954. Used until ca. 1988.
VRTTI VIIEarly warning radar6 unitsIn use between 1954–1970s.
Decca radarCounter-battery radarIn use from 1951 to ?.
SeveriCounter-battery radarIn use from 1955 to 1976. Some were modified to airport radars, and were called Faarao.
Cymbeline FA 15 MKLMortar locating radarIn use from 1976 to ca. 2000

Anti-tank weapons

Guided anti-tank weapons

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
PstOhj 83
PstOhj 83M
Anti-tank guided missileBGM-71C I-TOW
BGM-71 TOW 2
PstOhj 82Anti-tank guided missileAT-4 Spigot
PstOhj 82MAnti-tank guided missileAT-5 Spandrel.
RO-63Anti-ship missile200 missiles, (100 training, 52 anti-tank, 48 anti-ship), ? launchers.[36] French SS.11 anti-tank missiles used in coastal defense, obtained in 1963. In operation from 1964 until 1995.
Vickers VigilantAnti-tank guided missile250 missiles (of whom 100 for training), 10 launchers.[37] The army's first missile. In operation between 1962–.

Unguided anti-tank rockets

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
66 KES 75
66 KES 88
Anti-tank rocket-propelled grenade launcher77,000+ unitsM72A2 LAW. In operation from 1975 until 2014.
M72A5 LAW. In operation from 1988 until 2020.
SarpacAnti-tank rocket-propelled grenade launcherFrench Sarpac disposable anti-tank recoilless rifle.
74 KES 68Anti-tank rocket-propelled grenade launcherSwedish Miniman disposable anti-tank recoilless rifle.
55 S 55Anti-tank rocket-propelled grenade launcher10,000+ unitsIn operation between 1955–1990s. Kept in storage until 2005.
100 pshp/F1
142 pshp/F2
Anti-tank rocket-propelled grenade launcher25,812 units[38] Panzerfaust. In operation from 1944 to 1959.[39]
88 rakh/B 54Anti-tank rocket-propelled grenade launcher1,854 unitsPanzerschreck, in use from 1944 until 1959.[40]

Anti-tank guns and rifles

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
8 PSTKIVAnti-tank rifle30 unitsPolish Wz. 35 anti-tank rifle
14 PSTKIV 37Anti-tank rifle300 unitsBritish Boys anti-tank rifle
14.5 PSTKIV 41 SimonovAnti-tank rifleSoviet PTRS-41 anti-tank rifle
Madsen 20 mm cannonAnti-tank rifle12 units[41]
20 L 39
20 L 39-44
Anti-tank rifle2,078 unitsFinnish Lahti L-39 anti-tank rifle, "elephant gun".
25 PSTK 34
25 K 37
Anti-tank rifle133 units
104 units[42]
French 25 mm Hotchkiss, called Marianne. In use since 1940. Withdrawn from service in 1943. Sold in 1959.[43]
28 K 41Anti-tank rifle2 unitsIn use in 1944. Sold in 1959.[44]
37 K 14
37 K 15
Trench gun40 units[45] Russian trench gun
37 PSTK 34
37 PSTK 36


Anti-tank gun42 units
114 units
355 units
The Swedish Bofors 37mm anti-tank gun were procured both from Sweden, Finland and Poland. It was in use between 1938 until 1944. Sold in 1986.[46]
37 PSTK 40
37 PSTK 37
Anti-tank gun178 units[47] The German PaK 36 was in use from 1940 until 1944. Sold in 1979.[48]
45 PSTK 32
45 PSTK 32-38:
Anti-tank gun25 units
?
The Soviet 45 mm anti-tank gun 19-K, in use 1939–1944. Sold in 1993.[49]
45 PSTK 37
45 PSTK 38
45 PSTK 38-41
Anti-tank gunThe Soviet 45 mm anti-tank gun 53-K, in use 1939–1944. Sold in 1993.[50]
45 K 42Anti-tank gun2 unitsThe Soviet 45 mm anti-tank gun M-42, in use 1939–1944. Sold in 1993.[51]
47 PSTK 35
47 PSTK 39
Anti-tank gun22 unitsItalian Cannone de 47/32. In use 1940–1942. Sold in 1959.[52]
47 PSTK 40Anti-tank gun12 unitsFrench 47mm APX anti-tank gun. In use 1940–1942. Sold in 1959.[53]
50 PSTK 38Anti-tank gun27 unitsGerman 5 cm PaK 38 anti-tank gun. In operation from 1942 to 1944, sold in 1986.[54]
75 PSTK 40Anti-tank gun210 unitsGerman 7.5 cm PaK 40 anti-tank gun. In operation from 1943 to 1986.[55]
75 PSTK 97-38Anti-tank gun46 unitsBought in 1940 and upgraded in 1943 to 7.5 cm PaK 97/38 standard. In service until 1986.[56]
75 K 44Anti-tank gun1 unitFinnish prototype gun.
76 RK 27Infantry support gunSoviet 76mm regimental gun M1937, used as an anti-tank gun by the Finns.

Anti-ship missiles

ModelOriginTypeQuantityImageDetails
Meritorjuntaohjus 66Anti-ship missileSoviet P-15 Termit, used as an anti-ship missile by the Finns. It could be fired both from a separate gun carriage, but it was also transported on a rebuilt Comet tank.
Meritorjuntaohjus 85Anti-ship missileFour batteries, 3 in the gulf of Finland and 1 in the Archipelago Sea.[57] The first version RBS-15SF (known in Finland as MTO-85 (Meritorjuntaohjus 1985)) was a variant of the Swedish RSB-15 Mk.II. It was taken into use between 1987–1991. It was later modified into RBS-15SF-3 (a modernized Mk.II, known in Finland as MTO-85M). It was replaced by the Pintatorjuntaohjus 2020 system.

Sources

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Annual Exchange of Military Information (AEMI) 2023 . Finnish Defence Forces . fi . 1 January 2023 . 4 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230104102006/https://puolustusvoimat.fi/documents/1948673/2014902/CBMFI23.pdf . 4 January 2023 . live .
  2. Web site: Finland donates defence materiel assistance to Ukraine including more of mine-clearing Leopard 2 tanks. 2023-03-23. 2023-03-23. Ministry of Defence.
  3. Web site: Archived copy . 2009-08-02 . dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110720194538/http://yhdistykset-akaa.fi/reservilaiset/panssarihistoriaseminaari2009.pdf . 2011-07-20 .
  4. Panssarihistoriaseminaari 2009
  5. https://twitter.com/SgtBlitz_fi/status/1774138641519939921/photo/1
  6. Suomen armeijan venäläinen perintö: Tsaarin upseerit ja itänaapurin kalusto Suomen puolustusvoimissa 1918-1948
  7. Suomen armeijan venäläinen perintö: Tsaarin upseerit ja itänaapurin kalusto Suomen puolustusvoimissa 1918-1948
  8. Suomen armeijan venäläinen perintö: Tsaarin upseerit ja itänaapurin kalusto Suomen puolustusvoimissa 1918-1948
  9. Suomen armeijan venäläinen perintö: Tsaarin upseerit ja itänaapurin kalusto Suomen puolustusvoimissa 1918-1948
  10. Suomen armeijan venäläinen perintö: Tsaarin upseerit ja itänaapurin kalusto Suomen puolustusvoimissa 1918-1948
  11. Viacheslav Nikitin; Mirko Harjula: Suomen armeijan venäläinen perintö: Tsaarin upseerit ja itänaapuring kalusto suomen puolustusvoimassa 1918-1948
  12. Viacheslav Nikitin; Mirko Harjula: Suomen armeijan venäläinen perintö: Tsaarin upseerit ja itänaapuring kalusto suomen puolustusvoimassa 1918-1948
  13. Viacheslav Nikitin; Mirko Harjula: Suomen armeijan venäläinen perintö: Tsaarin upseerit ja itänaapuring kalusto suomen puolustusvoimassa 1918-1948
  14. Viacheslav Nikitin; Mirko Harjula: Suomen armeijan venäläinen perintö: Tsaarin upseerit ja itänaapuring kalusto suomen puolustusvoimassa 1918-1948
  15. Viacheslav Nikitin; Mirko Harjula: Suomen armeijan venäläinen perintö: Tsaarin upseerit ja itänaapuring kalusto suomen puolustusvoimassa 1918-1948
  16. Viacheslav Nikitin; Mirko Harjula: Suomen armeijan venäläinen perintö: Tsaarin upseerit ja itänaapuring kalusto suomen puolustusvoimassa 1918-1948
  17. Viacheslav Nikitin; Mirko Harjula: Suomen armeijan venäläinen perintö: Tsaarin upseerit ja itänaapuring kalusto suomen puolustusvoimassa 1918-1948
  18. Viacheslav Nikitin; Mirko Harjula: Suomen armeijan venäläinen perintö: Tsaarin upseerit ja itänaapuring kalusto suomen puolustusvoimassa 1918-1948
  19. Mikko Bäckström: Kranaatinheittimistön kehittämistyö Suomessa toisen maailmansodan jälkeen, p.47
  20. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.142
  21. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.178
  22. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet p.176
  23. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.174
  24. Mikko Bäckström: Kranaatinheittimistön kehittämistyö Suomessa toisen maailmansodan jälkeen, p.40
  25. Web site: Finnish Army 1918 - 1945: 47 Mm - 60 Mm Mortars.
  26. Majuri, Pekka: Vaikk' on synkeä yö, tykki leimua lyö, p.45
  27. Web site: FINNISH ARMY 1918 - 1945: MACHINEGUNS PART 2 . 2023-11-27 . www.jaegerplatoon.net.
  28. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.23
  29. Majuri, Pekka: Vaikk' on synkeä yö, tykki leimua lyö, p.45
  30. Web site: FINNISH ARMY 1918 - 1945: MACHINEPISTOLS PART 2 . 2023-11-22 . www.jaegerplatoon.net.
  31. Web site: FINNISH ARMY 1918 - 1945: REVOLVERS & PISTOLS PART 4 . 2023-11-24 . www.jaegerplatoon.net.
  32. Web site: 2023-04-04 . FINNISH ARMY 1918-1945: REVOLVERS & PISTOLS PART 3 . 2023-12-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230404070804/https://www.jaegerplatoon.net/PISTOLS3.htm . 2023-04-04 .
  33. Web site: MAAVOIMIEN LIIKKUVUUDEN JA TULIVOIMAN ROLL OUT PANSSARIPRIKAATISSA 5.8.2015 – Esiteltävä kalusto. https://web.archive.org/web/20151005155147/http://www.puolustusvoimat.fi/wcm/a2748e00495d6be1a9e0a98833fba23b/Toimintanaytoksen_materiaalitiedot_5+8+2015.pdf?MOD=AJPERES. Finnish Defence Forces. fi. 5 August 2015. 5 October 2015. 4 May 2016.
  34. Panssariseminaari 2009
  35. Web site: Suomen ja Venäjän väliset salaiset aseostosopimukset vuosina 1991–96. 15 July 2021.
  36. Puolustusvoimat 100 vuotta, p. 296
  37. Puolustusvoimat 100 vuotta, p. 296
  38. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.104
  39. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.37
  40. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.37
  41. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.42
  42. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.46
  43. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.39
  44. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.45
  45. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.49–52
  46. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.39
  47. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.35
  48. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.39
  49. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.39
  50. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.39
  51. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.39, 67
  52. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.39
  53. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.39
  54. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.39
  55. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.39
  56. Markku Palokangas: Jalkaväen raskaat aseet ja ryhmäaseet, p.39
  57. https://rannikkotykistomuseo.fi/aikajana/meritorjuntaohjus-85/