Since the 1970s, over 90 banks in the United States with billion or more in assets have failed. The list below is based on assets at the time of failure of banks insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.[1] [2]
Bank | City | State | Year | Assets at time of failure | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominal | Inflation-adjusted | ||||||
Washington Mutual | Seattle | Washington | 2008 | $307 billion | $ billion | [3] | |
First Republic Bank | San Francisco | California | 2023 | $229 billion | $229 billion | [4] [5] | |
Silicon Valley Bank | Santa Clara | California | 2023 | $209 billion | $209 billion | [6] | |
Signature Bank | New York | New York | 2023 | $118 billion | $118 billion | [7] | |
Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust | Chicago | Illinois | 1984 | $40.0 billion | $ billion | [8] | |
First Republic Bank Corporation | Dallas | Texas | 1988 | $32.5 billion | $ billion | [9] | |
American Savings and Loan | Stockton | California | 1988 | $30.2 billion | $ billion | ||
Bank of New England | Boston | Massachusetts | 1991 | $21.7 billion | $ billion | ||
IndyMac | Pasadena | California | 2008 | $32.0 billion | $ billion | [10] | |
MCorp | Dallas | Texas | 1989 | $18.5 billion | $ billion | ||
Gibraltar Savings and Loan | Simi Valley | California | 1989 | $15.1 billion | $ billion | ||
Colonial Bank | Montgomery | Alabama | 2009 | $25.0 billion | $ billion | [11] | |
First City National Bank | Houston | Texas | 1988 | $13.0 billion | $ billion | ||
HomeFed Bank | San Diego | California | 1992 | $12.2 billion | $ billion | ||
FBOP Corp banking subsidiaries | Oak Park | Illinois | 2009 | $18.4 billion | $ billion | ||
Southeast Bank | Miami | Florida | 1991 | $10.5 billion | $ billion | ||
City Federal Savings and Loan | Elizabeth | New Jersey | 1989 | $9.8 billion | $ billion | ||
Goldome | Buffalo | New York | 1991 | $9.9 billion | $ billion | ||
Imperial Federal Savings Assoc. | San Diego | California | 1990 | $9.6 billion | $ billion | ||
New York | 1974 | $3.7 billion | $ billion | ||||
Great American Bank | San Diego | California | 1991 | $9.5 billion | $ billion | ||
CenTrust Bank | Miami | Florida | 1990 | $8.2 billion | $ billion | ||
Empire of America Savings | Buffalo | New York | 1990 | $8.2 billion | $ billion | ||
Guaranty Bank | Austin | Texas | 2009 | $13.0 billion | $ billion | [12] | |
Downey Savings and Loan | Newport Beach | California | 2008 | $12.8 billion | $ billion | ||
BankUnited FSB | Coral Gables | Florida | 2009 | $12.8 billion | $ billion | ||
AmTrust Bank | Cleveland | Ohio | 2009 | $12.0 billion | $ billion | ||
WesternBank | Mayagüez | Puerto Rico | 2010 | $11.9 billion | $ billion | ||
Gibraltar Savings Association | Houston | Texas | 1988 | $6.5 billion | $ billion | ||
United Commercial Bank | San Francisco | California | 2009 | $11.2 billion | $ billion | ||
Crossland Savings Bank | Brooklyn | New York | 1992 | $7.4 billion | $ billion | ||
The Connecticut Bank & Trust Co. | Hartford | Connecticut | 1991 | $7.2 billion | $ billion | ||
MeraBank | Phoenix | Arizona | 1990 | $6.3 billion | $ billion | ||
Sunbelt Savings | Irving | Texas | 1991 | $6.0 billion | $ billion | ||
Western Savings and Loan | Phoenix | Arizona | 1989 | $5.7 billion | $ billion | ||
Columbia Savings & Loan Assn. | Beverly Hills | California | 1991 | $5.4 billion | $ billion | ||
Lincoln Savings and Loan Association | Irvine | California | 1989 | $4.9 billion | $ billion | ||
California National Bank | Los Angeles | California | 2009 | $7.8 billion | $ billion | ||
Corus Bank | Chicago | Illinois | 2009 | $7.0 billion | $ billion | ||
United States National Bank | San Diego | California | 1973 | $1.3 billion | $ billion | [13] | |
First Federal Bank of California | Santa Monica | California | 2009 | $6.1 billion | $ billion | ||
R-G Premier Bank of Puerto Rico | Hato Rey | Puerto Rico | 2010 | $5.9 billion | $ billion | ||
Doral Bank | San Juan | Puerto Rico | 2015 | $5.9 billion | $ billion | [14] | |
Franklin Bank | Houston | Texas | 2008 | $5.1 billion | $ billion | ||
Silverton Bank | Atlanta | Georgia | 2009 | $4.1 billion | $ billion | ||
Imperial Capital Bank | La Jolla | California | 2009 | $4.0 billion | $ billion | ||
PFF Bank & Trust | Pomona | California | 2008 | $3.7 billion | $ billion | ||
La Jolla Bank | La Jolla | California | 2010 | $3.6 billion | $ billion | ||
Frontier Bank | Everett | Washington | 2010 | $3.5 billion | $ billion | ||
First National Bank of Nevada | Reno | Nevada | 2008 | $3.4 billion | $ billion | ||
Amcore Bank | Rockford | Illinois | 2010 | $3.4 billion | $ billion | ||
Riverside National Bank of Florida | Fort Pierce | Florida | 2010 | $3.4 billion | $ billion | ||
Midwest Bank and Trust Company | Elmwood Park | Illinois | 2010 | $3.2 billion | $ billion | ||
First National Bank, also operating as The National Bank of El Paso | Edinburg | Texas | 2013 | $3.1 billion | $ billion | [15] | |
Superior Bank | Birmingham | Alabama | 2011 | $3.0 billion | $ billion | [16] | |
TierOne Bank | 2010 | $2.8 billion | $ billion | ||||
Irwin Union Bank and Trust Company | Columbus | Indiana | 2009 | $2.7 billion | $ billion | ||
Orion Bank | Naples | Florida | 2009 | $2.7 billion | $ billion | ||
EuroBank | San Juan | Puerto Rico | 2010 | $2.6 billion | $ billion | ||
First Community Bank | Taos | New Mexico | 2011 | $2.3 billion | $ billion | ||
Integra Bank, N.A. | Evansville | Indiana | 2011 | $2.2 billion | $ billion | ||
ANB Financial | Bentonville | Arkansas | 2008 | $2.1 billion | $ billion | ||
First Regional Bank | Los Angeles | California | 2010 | $2.1 billion | $ billion | ||
ShoreBank | Chicago | Illinois | 2010 | $2.1 billion | $ billion | ||
Silver State Bank | Henderson | Nevada | 2008 | $2.0 billion | $ billion | ||
New Frontier Bank | Greeley | Colorado | 2009 | $2.0 billion | $ billion | ||
Georgian Bank | Atlanta | Georgia | 2009 | $2.0 billion | $ billion | ||
Vineyard Bank | Rancho Cucamonga | California | 2009 | $1.9 billion | $ billion | ||
Peoples First Community Bank | Panama City | Florida | 2009 | $1.8 billion | $ billion | ||
County Bank | Merced | California | 2009 | $1.7 billion | $ billion | ||
Hillcrest Bank | Overland Park | Kansas | 2010 | $1.6 billion | $ billion | ||
Advanta Bank Corp. | Draper | Utah | 2010 | $1.6 billion | $ billion | ||
CF Bancorp | Port Huron | Michigan | 2010 | $1.6 billion | $ billion | ||
Mutual Bank | Harvey | Illinois | 2009 | $1.6 billion | $ billion | ||
Hamilton Bank | Miami | Florida | 2002 | $1.3 billion | $ billion | ||
Community Bank of Nevada | Las Vegas | Nevada | 2009 | $1.5 billion | $ billion | ||
First Bank of Beverly Hills | Calabasas | California | 2009 | $1.5 billion | $ billion | ||
Temecula Valley Bank | Temecula | California | 2009 | $1.5 billion | $ billion | ||
New South Federal Savings Bank | Irondale | Alabama | 2009 | $1.5 billion | $ billion | ||
Community Banks of Colorado | Greenwood Village | Colorado | 2011 | $1.4 billion | $ billion | ||
Horizon Bank | Bellingham | Washington | 2010 | $1.3 billion | $ billion | ||
Premier Bank | Jefferson City | Missouri | 2010 | $1.2 billion | $ billion | ||
Broadway Bank | Chicago | Illinois | 2010 | $1.2 billion | $ billion | ||
Security Bank of Bibb County | Macon | Georgia | 2009 | $1.2 billion | $ billion | ||
Charter Bank | Santa Fe | New Mexico | 2010 | $1.2 billion | $ billion | ||
Alliance Bank | Culver City | California | 2009 | $1.1 billion | $ billion | ||
City Bank | Lynnwood | Washington | 2010 | $1.1 billion | $ billion | ||
Columbia River Bank | The Dalles | Oregon | 2010 | $1.1 billion | $ billion | ||
Community Bank and Trust | Cornelia | Georgia | 2010 | $1.1 billion | $ billion | ||
Integrity Bank | Alpharetta | Georgia | 2008 | $1.1 billion | $ billion | ||
Affinity Bank | Ventura | California | 2009 | $1.0 billion | $ billion | ||
Appalachian Community Bank | Ellijay | Georgia | 2010 | $1.0 billion | $ billion |