List of museums focused on African Americans explained

This is a list of museums in the United States whose primary focus is on African American culture and history. Such museums are commonly known as African American museums. According to scholar Raymond Doswell, an African American museum is "an institution established for the preservation of African-derived culture."

Museums have a mission of "collecting and preserving material on history and cultural heritage." African American museums share these goals with archives, genealogy groups, historical societies, and research libraries. Museums differ from archives, genealogy groups, historical societies, memorials, and research libraries because they have as a basic educational or aesthetic purpose the collection and display of objects, and regular exhibitions for the public. Being open to the public (not just researchers or by appointment) and having regular hours sets museums apart from historical sites or other facilities that may call themselves museums.

History of African American museums in the United States

The first African American museum was the College Museum in Hampton, Virginia, established in 1868. Prior to 1950, there were about 30 museums devoted to African American culture and history in the United States. These were located primarily at historically black colleges and universities or at libraries that had significant African American culture and history collections.

Important collections were developed at Bennett College in Greensboro, North Carolina; Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee; Howard University in Washington, D.C.; Lincoln University in Chester County, Pennsylvania; Morgan State University in Baltimore, Maryland; Talladega College in Talladega, Alabama; and Tuskegee University in Tuskegee, Alabama. Additionally, local historical societies, history clubs, and reading groups in African American communities also collected and displayed African American cultural artifacts.

The first independent, nonprofit African American museums in the United States were The African American Museum in Cleveland, Ohio (founded in 1956), the DuSable Museum of African American History in Chicago, Illinois (founded in 1960), and the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History in Detroit, Michigan (founded in 1965). Throughout the 1960s, the energy of the American Civil Rights Movement led to numerous local African American museums being founded. Between 1868 and 1991, there were about 150 African American museums established in 37 states.

Since its opening in 2016, the largest African American museum in the United States is the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of African American History and Culture. The previous record holder was the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History in Detroit, Michigan.

List of museums

This is a sortable table. Click on the column you wish it sorted by.

NameCityStateFoundedReferencesImage
A. Philip Randolph Pullman Porter MuseumChicagoIllinois1995[1]
Africa Center, TheNew York City (Manhattan)New York1984[2]
African American Civil War Memorial MuseumWashingtonD.C.1999
African-American Research Library and Cultural CenterFort LauderdaleFlorida2002[3]
African American Firefighter MuseumLos AngelesCalifornia1997[4]
African American Military History MuseumHattiesburgMississippi2000[5]
African American Multicultural MuseumScottsdaleArizona2005
African American MuseumDallasTexas1974
African American Museum and Library at OaklandOaklandCalifornia1994
African American Museum in Cleveland, TheClevelandOhio1956
African American Museum in PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania1976
African American Museum of IowaCedar RapidsIowa2003
African American Museum of Nassau CountyHempsteadNew York1970[6]
African American Museum of the ArtsDeLandFlorida1994[7]
African American Museum of Southern IllinoisCarbondaleIllinois1997[8]
Afro-American Historical and Cultural Society MuseumJersey CityNew Jersey1984
Alabama State Black Archives Research Center and MuseumHuntsvilleAlabama1990[9]
Alexandria Black History MuseumAlexandriaVirginia1987
America's Black Holocaust MuseumMilwaukeeWisconsin1988
Anacostia MuseumWashingtonD.C.1967
Anne Spencer House and Garden MuseumLynchburgVirginia1977[10]
APEX (African American Panoramic Experience) MuseumAtlantaGeorgia1978
Armstead T. Johnson High SchoolMontrossVirginia2000[11]
Backstreet Cultural MuseumNew OrleansLouisiana1999[12]
Banneker-Douglass MuseumAnnapolisMaryland1984
Benjamin Banneker Historical Park and MuseumOellaMaryland1998[13]
Beck Cultural Exchange CenterKnoxville, TennesseeTennessee1975[14]
Bertha Lee Strickland Cultural MuseumSenecaSouth Carolina2015[15]
Birmingham Civil Rights InstituteBirminghamAlabama1992
Black American West Museum and Heritage CenterDenverColorado1971[16]
Black Cowboy MuseumRosenbergTexas2017[17]
Black History 101 Mobile MuseumDetroitMichigan1995[18]
Black History Museum and Cultural Center of VirginiaRichmondVirginia1981
Blanchard House MuseumPunta GordaFlorida2004[19]
Bontemps African American MuseumAlexandriaLouisiana1988
Brazos Valley African American MuseumBryanTexas2006[20]
Bronzeville Children's MuseumChicagoIllinois1998[21]
Buffalo Soldiers National MuseumHoustonTexas2000[22]
California African American MuseumLos AngelesCalifornia1981
Charles H. Wright Museum of African American HistoryDetroitMichigan1965
Charlotte Hawkins Brown MuseumSedaliaNorth Carolina1987[23]
Clemson Area African American MuseumClemsonSouth Carolina2010[24]
Crispus Attucks MuseumIndianapolisIndiana1998[25]
Delta Cultural CenterHelenaArkansas1991[26]
Destination CrenshawLos AngelesCalifornia2019[27]
Dorchester Academy and MuseumMidwayGeorgia2004[28]
Dr. Carter G. Woodson African American History MuseumSt. PetersburgFlorida2006[29]
DuSable Museum of African American HistoryChicagoIllinois1960
Eddie Mae Herron Center and MuseumPocahontasArkansas2001[30]
Ely Educational MuseumPompano BeachFlorida2000[31]
Evansville African American Museum EvansvilleIndiana2007[32]
Finding Our Roots African American MuseumHoumaLouisiana2017[33]
Frederick Douglass National Historic SiteWashingtonD.C.1962[34]
Freedom House MuseumAlexandriaVirginia2008[35]
Freedom Rides MuseumMontgomeryAlabama1962[36]
George Washington Carver Museum, TheTuskegeeAlabama1941[37]
George Washington Carver MuseumPhoenixArizona1980[38]
George Washington Carver Museum and Cultural CenterAustinTexas1980
George Washington Carver National MonumentNewton CountyMissouri1960[39]
Great Blacks in Wax MuseumBaltimoreMaryland1983[40]
Great Plains Black History MuseumOmahaNebraska1975[41]
Griot Museum of Black History, TheSt. LouisMissouri1997[42]
Hammonds House MuseumAtlantaGeorgia1988[43]
Hampton University MuseumHamptonVirginia1988[44]
Harriet Tubman MuseumCape MayNew Jersey2020[45]
Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Visitor CenterChurch CreekMaryland2017[46]
Harvey B. Gantt CenterCharlotteNorth Carolina1974[47]
Henderson Institute Historical MuseumHendersonNorth Carolina1986[48]
Hotel Metropolitan MuseumPaducahKentucky[49]
Houston Museum of African American CultureHoustonTexas2012[50]
Howard County Center of African American CultureColumbiaMaryland1987[51]
Idaho Black History MuseumBoiseIdaho1995[52]
International African American MuseumCharlestonSouth Carolina2023[53] [54]
International Civil Rights Center and MuseumGreensboroNorth Carolina2010[55]
Jacob Fontaine Religious MuseumAustinTexas2004[56]
Jim Crow Museum of Racist MemorabiliaBig RapidsMichigan1996[57]
John Johnson HousePhiladelphiaPennsylvania1997[58]
John E. Rogers African American Cultural CenterHartfordConnecticut1991[59]
John G. Riley Center/Museum of African American History and CultureTallahasseeFlorida1996[60]
Josephine School Community MuseumBerryvilleVirginia2003[61]
Kansas African-American MuseumWichitaKansas1997[62]
L.E. Coleman African-American MuseumHalifax County, VirginiaVirginia2005[63]
LaVilla MuseumJacksonvilleFlorida1999[64]
Legacy Museum, TheMontgomeryAlabama2018[65]
Legacy Museum of African American HistoryLynchburgVirginia2000[66]
Lewis H. Latimer HouseNew York City (Queens)New York2004[67]
Lincolnville Museum and Cultural CenterSt. AugustineFlorida2005[68]
Louis Armstrong HouseNew York City (Queens)New York2003[69]
Mariposa Museum & World Cultural CenterPeterboroughNew Hampshire2002[70]
Mariposa Museum in Oak Bluffs (Mariposa Museum & World Cultural Center)Oak BluffsMassachusetts2019[71]
Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site Visitors CenterAtlantaGeorgia1996[72]
Mary McLeod Bethune Council House National Historic SiteWashingtonD.C.1979[73]
Mary McLeod Bethune HomeDaytona BeachFlorida1956
Mary S. Harrell Black Heritage MuseumNew Smyrna BeachFlorida1999[74]
Mayme A. Clayton Library and MuseumCulver CityCalifornia2010[75]
McLemore House African-American MuseumFranklinTennessee2002[76]
Mississippi Civil Rights MuseumJacksonMississippi2017[77] [78]
MoCADANew York City (Brooklyn)New York1999[79]
Mosaic Templars Cultural CenterLittle RockArkansas2008[80]
Muhammad Ali CenterLouisvilleKentucky2005[81]
Museum of African American History & Abiel Smith SchoolBostonMassachusetts1964[82]
Museum of the African DiasporaSan FranciscoCalifornia2005[83]
Nash House MuseumBuffaloNew York2003[84]
Natchez Museum of African American History and CultureNatchezMississippi1991[85]
National African American Archives and MuseumMobileAlabama1992[86]
National Afro-American Museum and Cultural CenterWilberforceOhio1987[87]
National Center for Civil and Human RightsAtlantaGeorgia2014
National Center of Afro-American ArtistsRoxburyMassachusetts1969[88]
National Civil Rights MuseumMemphisTennessee1991[89]
National Museum of African American History and CultureWashingtonD.C.2016[90]
National Museum of African American MusicNashvilleTennessee2013[91]
National Underground Railroad Freedom CenterCincinnatiOhio2004[92]
National Voting Rights MuseumSelmaAlabama1991[93]
Negro Leagues Baseball MuseumKansas CityMissouri1990[94]
Negro Southern League MuseumBirminghamAlabama2014[95]
New Orleans African American MuseumNew OrleansLouisiana1988[96]
Newsome House Museum and Cultural CenterNewport NewsVirginia1991[97]
Niagara Falls Underground Railroad Heritage CenterNiagara FallsNew York2018[98]
Northeast Louisiana Delta African American Heritage MuseumMonroeLouisiana1994[99]
Northwest African American MuseumSeattleWashington2008[100]
Odell S. Williams Now And Then African-American MuseumBaton RougeLouisiana2001[101]
Old Dillard MuseumFort LauderdaleFlorida1995[102]
Omenala Griot Afrocentric Teaching MuseumAtlantaGeorgia1992[103]
Oran Z's Black Facts and Wax MuseumLos AngelesCalifornia2000[104]
Paul R. Jones Collection of African American ArtNewarkDelaware2004[105]
Philadelphia Doll MuseumPhiladelphiaPennsylvania1988[106]
Poindexter Village Museum and Cultural CenterColumbusOhioPlanned[107]
Pope House MuseumRaleighNorth Carolina2011[108]
Portsmouth Colored Community Library MuseumPortsmouthVirginia2013[109]
Prince George's African American Museum and Cultural CenterNorth BrentwoodMaryland2010[110]
Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights MuseumSavannahGeorgia1996[111]
Reginald F. Lewis Museum of Maryland African American History & CultureBaltimoreMaryland2005[112]
River Road African American MuseumDonaldsonvilleLouisiana1994[113]
Rosa Parks MuseumMontgomeryAlabama2000[114]
Rural African American MuseumOpelousasLouisiana2018[115]
Sandy Ground Historical MuseumNew York City (Staten Island)New York1994[116]
Scott Joplin House State Historic SiteSt. LouisMissouri1983[117]
Scottsboro Boys Museum and Cultural CenterScottsboroAlabama2010[118]
Slave Haven Underground Railroad MuseumMemphisTennessee1997[119]
Slave Mart MuseumCharlestonSouth Carolina1938[120]
Smith-Robertson Museum and Cultural CenterJacksonMississippi1984[121]
Southeastern Regional Black Archives Research Center and MuseumTallahasseeFlorida1976[122]
Spady Cultural Heritage MuseumDelray BeachFlorida2001[123]
Spelman College Museum of Fine ArtAtlantaGeorgia1996[124]
Springfield and Central Illinois African-American History MuseumSpringfieldIllinois2012[125]
Studio Museum in HarlemNew York City (Manhattan)New York1968[126]
Swift MuseumRogersvilleTennessee2008[127]
Tangipahoa African American Heritage MuseumHammondLouisiana2007[128]
Taylor House Museum of Historic FrenchtownTallahasseeFlorida2011[129]
Tubman African American MuseumMaconGeorgia1981[130]
Tuskegee Airmen National Historic SiteTuskegeeAlabama2008[131]
Tuskegee Airmen National MuseumDetroitMichigan1987[132]
Underground Railroad Museum at Belmont MansionPhiladelphiaPennsylvania2007[133]
Weeksville Heritage CenterNew York City (Brooklyn)New York2005[134]
Wells' Built MuseumOrlandoFlorida2001[135]
Whitney PlantationSt. John the Baptist ParishLouisiana2014[136]
Willam V. Banks Broadcast MuseumDetroitMichigan2017[137]
Zion Union Heritage MuseumHyannisMassachusetts2008[138]
Zora Neale Hurston Museum of Fine ArtsEatonvilleFlorida2017[139]
Minnesota African American Heritage Museum and GalleryMinneapolisMinnesota2018[140]
Seek MuseumRussellvilleKentucky2016[141]

See also

References

Notes
Citations

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Petrosino. Frankie J.. Museum and Online Registry Preserve Story of Black Railroad Porters. The Crisis. September–October 2003. 10.
  2. News: Glueck. Grace. Show From France Opens New Center for African Art. The New York Times. September 21, 1984. C1.
  3. Smith. Henrietta M.. The African-American Research Library and Cultural Center of the Broward County Library: Building Bridges and Beyond. Reference and User Services Quarterly. Fall 2002. 21.
  4. News: Watch 'Visiting with Huell Howser': 'Fire Museum'. KCET. February 20, 2008. May 13, 2015.
  5. News: Lowrey. Eric. Hattiesburg's African-American Military History Museum re-opens. WDAM. February 6, 2014. March 11, 2021.
  6. News: Rumsey. Spencer. Rhythm and Roots: Nassau's African American Museum Brings History to Life. Long Island Press. January 19, 2014. February 26, 2014.
  7. News: Thomas. Ashley D.. DeLand Museum Celebrates 20th Year. Daytona Times. March 12, 2015. June 15, 2019.
  8. News: Esch. Janis. African American Museum of Southern Illinois celebrates 20th anniversary. The Southern. September 10, 2017. June 12, 2018.
  9. News: Faulk. Kent. Budget Cuts Threaten Goals of Black Archives. Gadsden Times. March 4, 2002. September 7, 2013.
  10. News: Faulconer. Justin. Area around Anne Spencer House and Garden Museum added to national historic register. Lynchburg News and Advance. September 8, 2014. August 10, 2015. none.
    News: Higgins. Adrian. A Virginia Haven of the Harlem Renaissance. The Washington Post. July 29, 2014. C1.
  11. News: Johnson. Steven. Segregation to Preservation: Northern Neck school made a big difference. Cooperative Living. February 2020. 14–15. March 13, 2021.
  12. News: Reckdahl. Katy. With founder ailing, fundraiser will seek to aid Treme's Backstreet Cultural Museum. The Advocate. December 2, 2015. March 11, 2021.
  13. News: Levine. Susan. A Banneker plan: Museums named for scientist to be lent artifacts. The Washington Post. January 4, 1997. B1. none.
    News: Dianne. Burch. Picture This: Vintage Poster Promotes a Nearby National Treasure: America's first African-American man of science made his home in Oella. Catonsville Patch. June 5, 2012. July 19, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160719160002/http://patch.com/maryland/catonsville/picture-this-vintage-poster-promotes-a-nearby-national-treasure. July 19, 2016.
  14. News: Moore. Hannah. Beck Cultural Center preserves Black history in Knoxville. WATE. October 4, 2021. March 29, 2022.
  15. News: Dorsett. Chad. Ribbon cutting at Bertha Lee Strickland Cultural Museum. WSNW. November 17, 2015. December 1, 2016.
  16. News: Wenzel. John. Paul Stewart, founder of Black American West Museum, dies at 89. The Denver Post. November 12, 2015. December 6, 2015.
  17. News: Nir. Sarah Maslin. Restoring Black Cowboys to the Range. The New York Times. September 14, 2019. September 15, 2019.
  18. News: McCollum. Brian. Ex-DPS Teacher's Black History 101 Mobile Museum Carves a Niche. Detroit Free Press. February 28, 2012. March 2, 2012.
  19. News: Kridel. Kristen. Blanchard House reopens. Sarasota Herald Tribune. February 5, 2006. March 8, 2021.
  20. News: Welch. Arena. Museum celebrates a dream on opening day. The Brazos Valley Eagle. July 26, 2006. September 22, 2017.
  21. Web site: Mathie. Frank. Bronzeville Children's Museum reopens after move. WLS-TV. August 18, 2008. May 11, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20110629025432/http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=news%2Flocal&id=6335587. June 29, 2011. live.
  22. News: Buffalo Soldiers National Museum opens in Houston. ABC13 News. November 11, 2012. November 14, 2015.
  23. News: Griffith. Andrea. Charlotte Hawkins Brown remembered during luncheon. Greensboro News & Record. June 13, 2006. March 11, 2021.
  24. News: Freishtat. Sarah. Clemson Area African American Museum looks to the future. The Independent Mail. July 27, 2014. December 6, 2015.
  25. Encyclopedia: Crispus Attucks Museum . Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis . December 2022 . Verderame . Jyoti A. . Indianapolis Public Library . June 9, 2024.
  26. Knutson, Karen. "Arkansas Primer: It's Now on the Map, Thanks to Bill Clinton." Chicago Sun-Times. October 11, 1992.
  27. News: Destination Crenshaw art project aims to reclaim the neighborhood for black L.A.. Easter. Makeda. 2019-01-30. Los Angeles Times. en-US. 2020-02-29.
  28. Marten, Charlotte. "Dorchester Had Important Role in Civil Rights History." Coastal Courier. February 3, 2012.
  29. Wilson, Jon. "Museum Will Open Eyes to Black History." St. Petersburg Times. March 16, 2006.
  30. News: February Is Black History Month. Pocahontas Star Herald. February 4, 2021. March 8, 2021.
  31. News: Huriash. Lisa J.. Ely Museum Poised for First Tour. South Florida Sun Sentinel. September 24, 2000. March 8, 2021. none.
    News: Erblat. Austen. Called to the principal's house: Museum honors Pompano Beach educational pioneer Blanche Ely. South Florida Sun Sentinel. March 23, 2019. March 8, 2021.
  32. News: Martin. John T.. Porter retiring as African American Museum celebrates 10 years. Evansville Courier-Press. December 4, 2017. September 4, 2020.
  33. News: Naquin. Nikki. The Finding Our Roots African American Museum gaining popularity. Houma Today. August 9, 2018. October 2, 2018.
  34. Moker, Molly. The Official Guide to America's National Parks. New York, N.Y.: Fodors Travel, 2009, p. 106.
  35. News: Sullivan. Patricia. 'Like we descended from Hitler': Coming to terms with a slave-trading past. The Washington Post. February 8, 2018. March 12, 2021.
  36. News: Shaer. Matthew. In America's Deep South, a front seat for Freedom Riders. Christian Science Monitor. July 13, 2011. March 8, 2021.
  37. Kremer, Gary R. George Washington Carver: A Biography. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood, 2011, p. 173.
  38. Melendez, Mel. "Carver Museum Puts Spotlight on Black History." Arizona Republic. January 27, 2006.
  39. Book: Toogood, Anna Coxe. George Washington Carver National Monument, Diamond, Missouri: Historic Resource Study and Administrative History. Denver. Denver Service Center, Historic Preservation Team, National Park Service. 1973. 68–69.
  40. The museum opened in 1983, but closed in 1985 due to space limitations. It reopened in larger quarters in 1988. Some sources use the 1988 date as the museum's founding. See: Harley-Adams, Sandra. "Baltimore's Black Wax Museum." The Crisis. February 1989, p. 12.
  41. Danilov, Victor J. Women and Museums: A Comprehensive Guide. Lanham, Md.: AltaMira Press, 2005, p. 238.
  42. News: Fowler. Nancy. Urban League and Griot Museum join forces to keep African-American history alive in St. Louis. St. Louis Public Radio. May 20, 2016. October 6, 2017.
  43. News: Whittaker. K.D.. Myrna Fuller, Art Advocate, Retires From The Hammonds House Museum. Atlanta Daily World. May 11, 2017. June 9, 2018.
  44. News: Hammond. Jane. Explore 150 years of Hampton University history in new exhibit. Hampton Daily Press. January 20, 2018. March 13, 2021.
  45. News: Weisstuch. Liza. Six new museums that are opening amid the pandemic. The Washington Post. October 2, 2020. October 5, 2020.
  46. News: Ruane. Michael E.. Harriet Tubman fled a life of slavery in Maryland. Now a new visitor center opens on the land she escaped. The Washington Post. March 4, 2017. March 6, 2017.
  47. News: Washburn. Mark. Vivian and John Hewitt Built the Art Collection That Led to the Building of Harvey B. Gantt Center. The Charlotte Observer. October 25, 2009. 1A.
  48. News: Irvine. David. Museum curator is leaving 'a labor of love'. Henderson Dispatch. March 1, 2021. March 11, 2021.
  49. Web site: West . Joyce . February 15, 2015 . Paducah’s Hotel Metropolitan . Kentucky Educational Television (KET).
  50. Web site: Saavedra . Ninfa . 2023-06-09 . Observe Juneteenth by donating to these historical African American sites preserving history in Houston . 2024-02-21 . KPRC . en.
  51. News: Thanks to Burch's efforts, African American culture lives on in Howard County. The Baltimore Sun. September 7, 2012. March 11, 2021.
  52. Burden, Paul R. A Subject Guide to Quality Web Sites. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2010, p. 321.
  53. News: Boeing gives $500K to Charleston's African American museum. Wren. David. Charleston Post and Courier. November 4, 2015. December 6, 2015. none.
    News: Museum project gets big gift in name of NAACP President Dot Scott. Parker. Adam. Charleston Post and Courier. August 21, 2015. December 6, 2015.
  54. Web site: Frequently Asked Questions . International African American Museum . 11 June 2023.
  55. Minchin, Timothy J. and Salmond, John A. After the Dream: Black and White Southerners Since 1965. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky, 2011, p. 259.
  56. News: Sheth. Tachna. History in a Satchel. Austin American-Statesman. November 9, 2004. B1.
  57. News: Gilson. Dave. These Racist Collectibles Will Make Your Skin Crawl. Mother Jones. March–April 2016. January 15, 2021. none.
    News: Wise. Carrie. Racist Signs and Toys Teach Tolerance at Jim Crow Museum. WCPN. January 15, 2021. January 15, 2021.
  58. News: Peters. Monica. Historical Significance of Johnson House's Juneteenth Festival in Germantown. Philadelphia Sun. June 17, 2016. March 13, 2021.
  59. Amaral, Jorge. "Making Room for History." Hartford Courant. May 20, 2005; Goode, Steven. "Grand Vision For Hartford's Northwest School." Hartford Courant. October 2, 2010.
  60. "Riley House Receives Collection of Abolitionist Papers." Black Issues in Higher Education. October 7, 2004, p. 13.
  61. Book: Lee, Anne Carter. Buildings of Virginia: Valley, Piedmont, Southside and Southwest. Charlottesville, Va.. University of Virginia Press. 2015. 9780813935652. 55.
  62. "Cochran Brings Group a Message of 'Excellence'." Wichita Eagle. November 7, 1999.
  63. "L. E. Coleman Museum Opens This Saturday." The Gazette-Virginian. October 14, 2005.
  64. http://jacksonville.com/entertainment/arts/2009-09-14/story/ritz_theatre_celebrates_10_years_back_in_business_in_lavilla#ixzz1o4thdk3c Bull, Roger. "Ritz Theatre Celebrates 10 Years Back in Business in LaVilla."
  65. News: Elliot. Debbie. New Lynching Memorial Is A Space 'To Talk About All Of That Anguish'. NPR. April 26, 2018. April 28, 2018.
  66. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kjIzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QwgGAAAAIBAJ&pg=5278%2C4047402 Brezus, Kia Shant'e. "Planting Historical Feet."
  67. Book: Diamonstein, Barbaralee. Landmarks of New York: An Illustrated Record of the City's Historic Buildings. Albany, N.Y.. State University of New York Press. 2011. 9781438437712. 299.
  68. News: Gardner. Sheldon. Lincolnville museum officials seeking major upgrades. St. Augustine Record. March 20, 2016. March 8, 2021.
  69. News: Dunlap. David W.. For a King of Jazz, a Castle in Queens. The New York Times. October 9, 2003. June 3, 2019.
  70. Regan, Shelby. History, culture, and sculpture. MV Times. July 20, 2020. https://www.mvtimes.com/2020/07/20/history-culture-sculpture/
  71. Regan, Shelby. History, culture, and sculpture. MV Times. July 20, 2020. https://www.mvtimes.com/2020/07/20/history-culture-sculpture/
  72. While the national historic site was designated in 1980, the museum in the visitors center was not constructed until 1996. See: Scott, David Logan and Scott, Kay Woelfel. Guide to the National Park Areas: Eastern States. Guilford, Conn.: Globe Pequot Press, 2004, p. 55; Davis, Ren and Davis, Helen. Atlanta Walks: A Comprehensive Guide to Walking, Running, and Bicycling the Area's Scenic and Historic Locales. Atlanta: Peachtree Publishers, 2011, p. 26.
  73. Holland, p. 93.
  74. News: Redd. Robert. Historic Sites and Landmarks of New Smyrna Beach. Charleston, S.C.. The History Press. 2015. 9781626197664. 67.
  75. http://culvercity.patch.com/articles/new-exhibit-at-mayme-a-clayton-library-and-museum-celebrates-the-freedom-ride Johnson, Winter. "'Freedom Ride' Celebrated at Mayme A. Clayton Library and Museum."
  76. News: Thompson. Austin. Harvey McLemore House is open for regular hours; descendents tell rich history. Williamson Herald. April 26, 2017. March 13, 2021.
  77. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/20/us/african-american-museums-rising-to-recognize-civil-rights.html Severson, Kim. "New Museums to Shine a Spotlight on Civil Rights Era."
  78. http://www.jacksonfreepress.com/index.php/site/comments/museum_needs_civil_rights_stories_01272012/ Waibel, Elizabeth. "Museum Needs Civil Rights Stories."
  79. News: Pogrebin. Robin. Museum of Contemporary African Diasporan Arts to Move to Larger New Space in Brooklyn. The New York Times. May 27, 2015. June 3, 2019.
  80. Davis, Ryan. "A Cultural Icon Rises From the Ashes in Historic Little Rock." The Crisis. Summer 2009, p. 39-40.
  81. "Muhammad Ali Returns Home for Center Dedication." Jet. December 12, 2005, p. 52.
  82. Kaufman, Polly Welts. Boston Women's Heritage Trail: Seven Self-Guided Walking Tours Through Four Centuries of Boston Women's History. Boston: Boston Women's Heritage Trail, 2006, p. 36.
  83. Bertho, Michelle; Crawford, Beverly; and Fogarty, Edward A. The Impact of Globalization on the United States. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2008, p. 46.
  84. News: A Closer Look: The Nash House Museum, a time capsule of Buffalo's black history. Buffalo News. February 24, 2021. March 11, 2021.
  85. http://www.todayinmississippi.com/index.php/special_feature/article/3796 Natchez museum showcases African American heritage
  86. Web site: National African-American Archives and Multicultural Museum. Encyclopedia of Alabama. 2021. February 9, 2022.
  87. Ruffings, Fath Davis. "Culture Wars Won and Lost, Part II: Ethnic Museums on the Mall." Radical History Review. June 1998, p. 80.
  88. Lafo, Rachel Rosenfield; Capasso, Nicholas J.; and Uhrhane, Jennifer. Painting in Boston, 1950–2000. Lincoln, Mass.: DeCordova Museum and Sculpture Park, 2002, p. 36.
  89. "Civil Rights Museum Opens in Memphis." Jet. July 22, 1991, p. 14.
  90. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/african-american-museum-groundbreaking-showcases-living-history/2012/02/21/gIQAQGafTR_story.html Trescott, Jacqueline. "African American Museum Groundbreaking Showcases Living History."
  91. News: Study: African American Music Museum Could Have $9.1M Annual Impact. Nashville Post. February 22, 2012. March 3, 2012. none.
    News: Garrison. Joy. African-American Museum Gets New Name, Music-Only Focus. Nashville City Paper. September 1, 2011. March 3, 2012.
  92. "National Underground Railroad Freedom Center Opens In Cincinnati." Jet. September 13, 2004, p. 4-13.
  93. News: Katayama. Danny. Grassroots museum honors movement for voting rights. The Jackson Sun. April 3, 1993. 7. January 7, 2018.
  94. Some sources claim the museum did not open until 1997. The museum moved to new quarters in 1997, but opened in 1990. See: Rielly, Edward J. Baseball in the Classroom: Essays on Teaching the National Pastime. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co, 2006, p. 34; Pahigian, Josh. 101 Baseball Places to Visit Before You Strike Out. Guilford, Conn.: Lyons Press, 2008, p. 9.
  95. https://www.birminghamnslm.org/ Negro Southern League Museum.
  96. Carr, Martha. "African-American Museum Closed." Times-Picayune. November 1, 2003.
  97. News: Carroll. Fred. Carrie Brown Residence to House Library. Newport News Daily Press. February 26, 2001. March 13, 2021.
  98. News: Niagara Falls Underground Railroad Heritage Center opens for visitors. Mroziak. Michael. 2018-05-27. en.
  99. http://www.blackenterprise.com/2010/06/17/museum-offers-historic-walk-through-black-culture/ McCrea, Bridget. "Museum Offers Historic Walk Through Black Culture."
  100. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2004270321_museum09m.html Gilmore, Susan. "African American Museum Opens to Acclaim."
  101. News: Poe. Carmen. Baton Rouge African American museum commemorates Juneteenth. WAFB. June 18, 2017. June 15, 2019.
  102. American Association for State and Local History. Directory of Historical Organizations in the United States and Canada. Walnut Creek, Calif.: AltaMira Press, 2002, p. 146.
  103. News: Fest, Gala Celebrate Museum Drive. CrossRoads News. June 12, 2011. March 8, 2021.
  104. http://blogs.laweekly.com/arts/2011/09/oran_zs_black_facts_and_wax_mu.php Lynch, Christopher J. "Oran Z's Black Facts and Wax Museum: A Bizarre, Brutally-Honest African-American History Collection in Baldwin Hills."
  105. Anyaso, Hilary Hurd. "African American Art Front and Center." Black Issues in Higher Education. December 2, 2004.
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  120. The Old Slave Mart Museum has operated on and off since 1938, under various owners. It has, at times, been an art museum, a slave history museum, and other kinds of museum. See: Dixon, Nenie and Bull, Elias. "National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form for Old Slave Mart." February 12, 1975. Accessed May 27, 2010.
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  125. Web site: Yeagle . Patrick . March 3, 2016 . So we don't forget: African-American History Museum opens new location . . Springfield, Ill. . June 12, 2018.
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  129. News: Ensley. Gerald. Frenchtown's Taylor House added to national register. Tallahassee Democrat. April 13, 2015. March 8, 2021.
  130. American Art Directory 2008. New Providence, N.J.: National Register Pub., 2007, p. 107.
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  136. News: Slavery museum at upriver plantation stirs controversy on both sides of racial divide. Thomas. Eugene. The Lens New Orleans. December 1, 2014. December 6, 2015. none.
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  140. https://www.maahmg.org/ Minnesota African American Heritage Museum & Gallery.
  141. Web site: Explore SEEK (Struggles for Emancipation and Equality in Kentucky) Museum . 2024-04-08 . Kentucky Tourism . en.