The list of parties to the Environmental Modification Convention encompasses the states who have signed and ratified or acceded to the international agreement prohibiting military use of environmental modification techniques.
On May 18, 1977, the Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD) was opened for signature. North Yemen became the first state to deposit the treaty on 20 July 1977. The treaty came into force and closed for signature on October 5, 1978. Since then, states that did not sign the treaty can now only accede to it. The instrument of ratification, accession, or succession is deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations
As of 2022, 78 states have ratified or acceded to the treaty, most recently the State of Palestine on 29 December 2017. A further 16 states have signed but not ratified the treaty.
As of March 2013 the third review conference had not been scheduled as there were under 10 respondents showing interest in reconvening.
State[1] [2] [3] | Signed | Ratified or Acceded | Method | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Accession | |||
Algeria | Accession | |||
Antigua and Barbuda | Succession from United Kingdom | |||
Argentina | Accession | |||
Armenia | Accession | |||
Australia | Ratification | |||
Austria | Accession | |||
Bangladesh | Accession | |||
Belarus | Ratification as | |||
Belgium | Ratification | |||
Benin | Ratification | |||
Brazil | Ratification | |||
Bulgaria | Ratification | |||
Cameroon | Accession | |||
Canada | Ratification | |||
Cape Verde | Accession | |||
Chile | Accession | |||
China | Accession | |||
Costa Rica | Accession | |||
Cuba | Ratification | |||
Cyprus | Ratification | |||
Czech Republic | Succession from Signed 18 May 1977 Ratified 12 May 1978 | |||
Denmark | Ratification | |||
Dominica | [4] | Succession from United Kingdom | ||
Egypt | Accession | |||
Estonia | Accession | |||
Finland | Ratification | |||
Germany | Ratification as Also Signed 18 May 1977 Ratified 25 May 1978 | |||
Ghana | Ratification | |||
Greece | Accession | |||
Guatemala | Accession | |||
Honduras | Accession | |||
Hungary | Ratification | |||
India | Ratification | |||
Ireland | Ratification | |||
Italy | Ratification | |||
Japan | Accession | |||
Kazakhstan | Accession | |||
Kuwait | Accession | |||
Kyrgyzstan | Accession | |||
Ratification | ||||
Lithuania | Accession | |||
Malawi | Accession | |||
Mauritius | Accession | |||
Mongolia | Ratification | |||
Netherlands | Ratification | |||
New Zealand | Accession, includes Cook Islands and Niue | |||
Nicaragua | Ratification | |||
Niger | Accession | |||
Accession | ||||
Norway | Ratification | |||
Pakistan | Accession | |||
Accession | ||||
Panama | Accession | |||
Papua New Guinea | Accession | |||
Poland | Ratification | |||
Romania | Ratification | |||
Ratification as | ||||
Saint Lucia | [5] | Succession from United Kingdom | ||
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | [6] | Succession from United Kingdom | ||
Sao Tome and Principe | Accession | |||
Slovakia | Succession from Signed 18 May 1977 Ratified 12 May 1978 | |||
Slovenia | Accession | |||
Solomon Islands | Succession from United Kingdom | |||
Accession | ||||
Spain | Ratification | |||
Sri Lanka | Ratification | |||
Sweden | Accession | |||
Switzerland | Accession | |||
Tajikistan | Accession | |||
Tunisia | Ratification | |||
Ukraine | Ratification as | |||
United Kingdom | Ratification | |||
United States | Ratification | |||
Uruguay | Accession | |||
Uzbekistan | Accession | |||
Accession | ||||
Yemen | Ratification as also acceded 12 June 1979 prior to Yemeni unification. |
State | Signed | |
---|---|---|
Signed as | ||
Ethiopia | ||
Iceland | ||
Iraq | ||
Lebanon | ||
Liberia | ||
Luxembourg | ||
Morocco | ||
Portugal | ||
Sierra Leone | ||
Turkey | ||
Uganda |
101 UN member states have never signed the treaty.
The Cook Islands and Niue, two associated states of New Zealand which have had their "full treaty-making capacity" recognised by United Nations Secretariat, are not parties to the treaty but are bound by its provisions by virtue of their administration by New Zealand when the latter ratified the ENMOD convention.