List of petawatt lasers explained

This page contains a list of petawatt-level lasers in operation, under construction, or proposed. The list is compiled from existing academic reviews.^{[1] [2]}

!Facility!Institution!Location!Classification!Pulse energy [J]!Pulse duration [fs]!Peak power [PW]!Status

Nova		United States	Nd:glass	660	440	1.5	Decommissioned
NIF-ARC		United States	Nd:glass	400–1700	1300–38 000	1.5	Operation
Texas Petawatt Laser[3]	University of Texas, Austin	United States	Nd:glass	186	167	1.1	Operation
Z-PW	Sandia National Laboratories	United States	Nd:glass	500	500	1	Operation
ZEUS	University of Michigan	United States	Nd:glass	75	25	3	Commission
				12.5	25	0.5
SG-II-PW[4]	Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (SIOM)	China	Nd:glass	1000	1000	1	Operation
Vulcan	Rutherford Appleton Laboratory	United Kingdom	Nd:glass	500	500	1	Operation
Orion	Atomic Weapons Establishment	United Kingdom	Nd:glass	500	500	1	Operation
PHELIX	GSI Helmholtz	Germany	Nd:glass	250	400	0.625	Operation
LMJ-PETAL	CEA Cesta	France	Nd:glass	850	700	1.15	Operation
GEKKO XII-LFEX	Osaka University	Japan	Nd:glass	3000	1500	2	Operation
ELI-B L4	Extreme Light Infrastructure		Nd:glass	1500	150	10	Construction
ELI-NP	Extreme Light Infrastructure	Romania	Ti:sapphire	242	22.3	10.9	Operation
ELI-B L2	Extreme Light Infrastructure		Ti:sapphire	20	20	1	Operation
ELI-B L3 HAPLS		United States	Ti:sapphire	30	30	1 at 10 Hz	Operation
SULF	SIOMShanghaiTech University	China	Ti:sapphire	216	21	10.3	Operation
XL-III	Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science	China	Ti:sapphire	32	28	1.16	Operation
CAEP-PW[5]	China Academy of Engineering Physics	China	Ti:sapphire	91.1	18.6	4.9	Operation
SG-II-5 PW[6]	SIOM	China	Ti:sapphire	37	21	1.76	Operation
SEL-100 PW[7]	Shanghai High Repetition Rate XEFL and Extreme Light Facility	China	Ti:sapphire	1500	15	100	Construction
Gwangju-PW	Centre for Relativistic Laser Science		Ti:sapphire	83	19.4	4.2	Operation
BELLA	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory	United States	Ti:sapphire	40	30	1.3	Operation
ALEPH	Colorado State University	United States	Ti:sapphire	26	30	0.87 at 3.3 Hz	Operation
DIOCLES	University of Nebraska-Lincoln	United States	Ti:sapphire	20	30	0.7	Operation
NSF OPAL	Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester	United States	Ti:sapphire			25	Planned
J-KAREN	National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology	Japan	Ti:sapphire	28/30	33/30	0.85/1	Operation
Gemini	Rutherford Appleton Laboratory	United Kingdom	Ti:sapphire	15	30	0.5	Operation
VEGA-3	University of Salamanca	Spain	Ti:sapphire	30	30	1 at 1 Hz	Operation
DRACO	Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf	Germany	Ti:sapphire	30	30	1	Operation
ATLAS	Technical University of MunichLudwig Maximilian University of Munich	Germany	Ti:sapphire	60	25	2.4	Construction
Apollon	CNRSÉcole polytechnique	France	Ti:sapphire	150	15	10	Construction
CETAL	INFLPR	Romania	Ti:sapphire	25	25	1	Operation
RRCAT	Raja Ramana Centre for Advanced Technology		Ti:sapphire	25	25	1	Construction
PEARL	Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences		Ti:sapphire	18	55–67 (10)a)	0.25–0.3 (1.5)a)	Operation

Notes and References

1. Li . Zhaoyang . Leng . Yuxin . Li . Ruxin . 2022 . Further Development of the Short-Pulse Petawatt Laser: Trends, Technologies, and Bottlenecks . Laser & Photonics Reviews . 17 . 3 . 10.1002/lpor.202100705. free .
2. Danson . Colin N. . Haefner . Constantin . 1 . 2019 . Petawatt and exawatt class lasers worldwide . High Power Laser Science and Engineering . 7 . e54 . 10.1017/hpl.2019.36.
3. Gaul . Erhard W. . Martinez . Mikael . 1 . 2010 . Demonstration of a 1.1 petawatt laser based on a hybrid optical parametric chirped pulse amplification/mixed Nd:glass amplifier . Applied Optics . 49 . 9 . 1676–1681 . 10.1364/AO.49.001676.
4. Xu . Guang . Wang . Tao . Li . Zhaoyang . Dai . Yaping . Lin . Zunqi . Gu . Yuan . Zhu . Jianqiang . 2008 . 1 kJ Petawatt Laser System for SG-II-U Program . The Review of Laser Engineering . 36 . 1172–1175 . 10.2184/lsj.36.1172.
5. Zeng . Xiaoming . Zhou . Kainan . 1 . 2017 . Multi-petawatt laser facility fully based on optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification . Optics Letters . 42 . 10 . 2014–2017 . 10.1364/OL.42.002014.
6. Zhu . Jianqiang . Xie . Xinglong . 1 . 2018 . Analysis and construction status of SG-II 5PW laser facility . High Power Laser Science and Engineering . 6 . e29 . 10.1017/hpl.2018.23 . free .
7. Xu . Dirui . Shen . Baifei . Xu . Jiancai . Liang . Zhenfeng . 2020 . XFEL beamline design for vacuum birefringence experiment . Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A . 982 . 164553 . 10.1016/j.nima.2020.164553.