List of prehistoric mammals of Japan explained

This list is of prehistoric mammals known from the fossil record of the Japanese archipelago. For extant mammals from the area, see List of mammals of Japan (which includes the recently extinct species on the IUCN Red List[1] and its domestic counterpart the Ministry of the Environment Red List[2]). Other species that have gone extinct in historic times and extant species that have been locally extirpated and no longer form part of the fauna of Japan but are known from the fossil or subfossil record are additionally listed at the bottom of this page.

Mesozoic

CladeOrderFamilyGenusSpeciesHorizonAge
†"Symmetrodonta" Symmetrolestes S. parvus
Tsubamoto & Rougier, 2004[3]
Hakusanodon H. archaeus
Rougier et al., 2007[4]
Hakusanobaatar H. matsuoi
Kusuhashi, 2008[5]
T. reini
Kusuhashi, 2008
S. kawaii
Kusuhashi & Saegusa, 2013[6]
Sasayama Group
Sorlestes S. mifunensis
Setoguchi et al., 1999[7]

Cenozoic

OrderCladeFamilyGenusSpeciesSynonymsImageAge
Coryphodontidae sp.
Asiocoryphodon sp.
Trogosus Trogosus cf. T. latidens
Higotherium H. hypsodon
Miyata & Tomida, 1998[8]
Gomphotherium Hemimastodon annectens
Matsumoto, 1924[9]
Bunolophodon yokotii
Makiyama, 1938[10]
Sinomastodon [11] Trilophodon sendaicus
Matsumoto, 1924
Stegolophodon S. pseudolatidens[12] Eostegodon pseudolatidens
Yabe, 1950[13]
Stegolophodon tsudai
Shikama & Kirii, 1956[14]
Stegolophodon miyokoae
Hatai, 1959[15]
Stegodon Stegodon clifti miensis
Matsumoto, 1941[16]
Stegolophodon shinshuensis
Fossil Elephant Research Group, 1979[17]
Stegodon bombifrons
Itsukaichi Stegodon Research Group, 1980[18]
Stegodon cf. elephantoides

Aiba, Baba & Matsukawa, 2010[19]
S. aurorae[20] Elephas aurorae
Matsumoto, 1918[21]
Parastegodon? kwantoensis
Tokunaga, 1934[22]
Parastegodon sugiyamai
Tokunaga, 1935[23]
Parastegodon akashiensis
Takai, 1936[24]
Parastegodon infrequens
Shikama, 1937[25]
Stegodon shodoensis (partim)
S. orientalis[26] Stegodon orientalis shodoensis
Matsumoto, 1924[27]
Palaeoloxodon P. naumanni[28] Elephas namadicus naumanni
Makiyama, 1924[29]
Loxodonta (Palaeoloxodon) tokunagai
Matsumoto, 1924[30]
Elephas indicus buski
Matsumoto, 1927[31]
Loxodonta (Palaeoloxodon) namadica yabei
Matsumoto, 1929[32]
Palaeoloxodon yokohamanus
Tokunaga, 1934[33]
Palaeoloxodon aomoriensis
Tokunaga & Takai, 1936[34]
Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) namadicus setoensis
Makiyama, 1929[35]
Mammuthus M. trogontherii[36] [37] Euelephas protomammonteus
Matsumoto, 1924[38]
Parelephas protomammonteus proximus
Matsumoto, 1926[39]
Parelephas protomammonteus typicus
Matsumoto, 1926
Elephas primigenius matsumotoi
Dietrich, 1927[40]
Parelephas proximus uehataensis
Shikama, 1937[41]
Archidiskodon paramammonteus shigensis
Matsumoto & Ozaki, 1959[42]
M. primigenius[43]
Dusisiren
Takahashi, Domning & Saito, 1986[44]

Kobayashi, Horikawa & Miyazaki, 1995[45]
Hydrodamalis H. spissa
Furusawa, 1988[46]
A. japonicus
Tomida, 2012[47]
Ctenodactyloidea sp.
Diatomys D. shantungensis
Steneofiber Steneofiber sp.[48]
Youngofiber Y. sinensis[49] Trogontherium sinensis
Young, 1955[50]
Minocastor M. godai
Mörs, Tomida & Kalthoff, 2016[51]
Euroxenomys E. nanus
Mörs & Tomida, 2018[52]
Megapeomys M. repenningi
Tomida, 2011[53]
J. yasunoi
Kimura et al., 2019[54]
Microtus M. epiratticepoides
Kawamura, 1988[55]
Clethrionomys C. japonicus
Kawamura, 1988
Cricetulus Cricetulus sp.
Niviventer Niviventer sp.[56]
Rattus R. miyakoensis
Kawaguchi, Kaneko & Hasegawa, 2009[57]
Primates Kanagawapithecus Dolichopithecus (Kanagawapithecus) leptopostorbitalis
Iwamoto, Hasegawa & Koizumi, 2005[58]
Sivaladapidae sp.
P. fejfari
Oshima, Tomida & Orihara, 2017[59]
Shikamainosorex
Hasegawa, 1957[60]
Anourosorex A. japonicus
Shikama & Hasegawa, 1958[61]
Pleistomyotis P. longihumeralis[62]
Myotis M. okafujii
M. beppuensis
Behemotops B. katsuiei
Inuzuka, 2000[63]
Ashoroa A. laticosta
Inuzuka, 2000
Desmostylus D. japonicus
Tokunaga & Iwasaki, 1914[64] [65]
Paleoparadoxia P. tabatai Cornwallius tabatai
Tokunaga, 1939[66]
P. media
Inuzuka, 2005[67]
Suidae indet. Palaeochoerus japonicus
Takai, 1954[68]
Hyotherium H. shanwangense[69]
Entelodon E. gobiensis[70]
†Dichobunoidea sp.
Bothriogenys Bothriogenys sp.
Bothriodon B. sandaensis
Tsubamoto et al., 2007[71]
Elomeryx E. japonicus[72] Brachyodus japonicus
Matsumoto, 1925[73]
Sinanodelphis
Makiyama, 1936[74]
Eodelphinus E. kabatensis Stenella kabatensis
Horikawa, 1977[75]
Norisdelphis
Kimura & Hasegawa, 2020[76]
Pseudorca P. yokoyamai
Matsumoto, 1926[77]
Orcinus O. paleorca Orca paleorca
Matsumoto, 1937[78]
Kentriodon
Guo & Kohno, 2021[79]

Ichishima, 1994[80]
Haborodelphis
Ichishima et al., 2018[81]
Miophocaena M. nishinoi
Murakami et al., 2012[82]
Archaeophocaena A. teshioensis
Murakami et al., 2012
Pterophocaena P. nishinoi
Murakami et al., 2012[83]
Haborophocoena
Ichishima & Kimura, 2005[84]

Ichishima & Kimura, 2009[85]
Numataphocoena
Ichishima & Kimura, 2000[86]
Berardius B. kobayashii
Kawatani & Kohno, 2021[87]
Ninjadelphis
Kimura & Barnes, 2016[88]
Awadelphis A. hirayamai
Murakami, 2016[89]
Miophyseter M. chitaensis
Kimura & Hasegawa, 2022[90]
Brygmophyseter B. shigensis Scaldicetus shigensis
Hirota & Barnes, 1994[91]
Yamatocetus Y. canaliculatus
Okazaki, 2012[92]
Idiocetus I. tsugarensis
Matsumoto, 1926
Archaeobalaena
Tanaka, Furusawa & Kimura, 2020[93]
Taikicetus T. inouei
Tanaka, Ando & Sawamura, 2018[94]
Isanacetus
Kimura & Ozawa, 2002[95]
Diorocetus
Yoshida, Kimura & Hasegawa, 2003[96]

Otsuka & Ota, 2008
Parietobalaena
Otsuka & Ota, 2008
Hibacetus
Otsuka & Ota, 2008[97]
J. shimizui
Kimura & Hasegawa, 2010[98]
Eschrichtius E. akishimaensis
Kimura, Hasegawa & Kohno, 2018[99]
Cervoidea indet. Amphitragulus minoensis
Matsumoto, 1918[100]
Dicrocerus D. tokunagai
Matsumoto, 1927[101] [102]
Cervavus C. oweni hirabayashii
Tokunaga, 1926[103]
Metaplatyceros M. sequoiae
Shikama, 1941
Axis A. japonicus[104] Cervus (Axis) japonicus
Otsuka, 1967[105]
Axis kyushuensis[106]
Elaphurus E. akashiensis Cervus akasiensis
Shikama, 1941[107]
E. bifurcatus shikamai[108]
Otsuka, 1968[109]
E. davidianus tamaensis Elaphurus (Elaphurus) tamaensis
Shikama & Hasegawa, 1976[110]
E. davidianus menziesianus Capreolus (Capreolina) mayai
Tokunaga & Takai, 1936[111]
Elaphurus mayai[112]
Cervus C. (Nipponicervus) kazusensis Cervus (Sika) kazusensis
Matsumoto, 1926
Cervus (Deperetia) trassaerti
Shikama, 1941
Cervus (Deperetia) urbanus
Shikama, 1941

Shikama, 1936[113]
Cervus (Deperetia) naorai
Shikama, 1936[114]
Cervus (Nipponicervus?) takaoi
Otsuka & Shikama, 1977[115]
Cervus (Deperetia) shimabarensis
Otsuka, 1967
C. astylodon Muntiacus astylodon
Matsumoto, 1926[116]
Cervus (Rucervus) riukiuensis
Matsumoto, 1926
C. greyi katokiyomasai[117] [118] Cervus (Rucervus) katokiyomasai
Shikama & Hasegawa, 1965[119]
Cervus (Sika) natsumei
Matsumoto, 1938[120]
Cervus (Sika) paleoezoensis
Otsuka & Shikama, 1977
C. kyushuensis Cervus (Rusa) kyushuensis
Otsuka, 1966[121]
C. akiyoshiensis Cervus (Nipponicervus) akiyoshiensis
Otsuka, 1977[122]
Sinomegaceros Cervus (Sinomegaceros) yabei
Shikama, 1938[123]
Megaceros kinryuensis
Matsumoto & Mori, 1956
Megaceros (Sinomegaceros) ordosianus minor
Kamei, 1958[124]
Giraffa (Orasius?) nipponica
Matsumoto, 1926[125]
Capreolus
Otuka, 1941[126]
Capreolus miyakoensis
Hasegawa, Otsuka & Nohara, 1973[127]
Bubalus Bubalus sp.
Bison Leptobison hanaizumiensis
Matsumoto & Mori, 1956[128]
B. priscus
Capricornis C. (?) nikitini[129] Naemorhedus nikitini
Shikama, 1949
Hyopsodus Hyopsodus sp.
Brontotheriidae sp.
Anchitherium Anchitherium aff. A. gobiense[130] Anchitherium hypohippoides
Matsumoto, 1921
Isectolophus sp.
Schizotheriinae sp.[131]
Plesiocolopirus P. grangeri[132] Desmatotherium grangeri
Tokunaga, 1933[133]
Colodon kushiroensis
Tomida, 1983[134]
Plesiotapirus Palaeotapirus yagii
Matsumoto, 1921[135]
Hyrachyus cf. Hyrachyus sp.
Zaisanamynodon Zaisanamynodon cf. Z. protheroi
cf. †Z. borisovi
A. watanabei Amynodon (?) watanabei
Tokunaga, 1926[136]
Brachypotherium B. pugnator Teleoceras (Brachypotherium) pugnator
Matsumoto, 1921
Chilotherium pugnator
Teleoceras (?) kaniensis
Tokunaga, 1926
Teleoceras (?) tokiensis
Tokunaga, 1926
Plesiaceratherium Plesiaceratherium sp.[137]
Stephanorhinus S. kirchbergensis[138] Dicerorhinus nipponicus [ja]
Shikama, 1967[139]
Rhinoceros shindoi
Tokunaga, 1931[140]
Miacidae sp.
Panthera P. youngi[141] Felis youngi
Felis F. microtus
Ysengrinia Ysengrinia sp.[142]
Canis C. falconeri[143]
Cuon Cuon sp.[144]
Nyctereutes N. viverrinus nipponicus
Shikama, 1949
Parailurus Parailurus sp.[145]
Meles M. mukasianakuma
Shikama, 1949
M. leucurus kuzuuensis
Shikama, 1949
Martes
Shikama, 1949[146]
Enhydrictis E. (Oriensictis) nipponica Lutra nipponica
Naora, 1968[147]
Oriensictis nipponica[148]
Mustela M. constricta[149]
M. kuzuuensis Putorius kuzuuensis
Shikama, 1949
Pinnipedia[150] Allodesmus
Tonomori et al., 2018[151]

Kohno, 1996[152]
A. sinanoensis Eumetopias sinanoensis
Nagao, 1941[153]
Megagomphos sinanoensis
Allodesmus megallos
Hirota, 1995[154]
Allodesmus sadoensis
Hirota, 1995
Allodesmus sp.[155]
Thalassoleon T. inouei
Kohno, 1992[156]
Oriensarctos Eumetopias watasei
Matsumoto, 1925[157]
Callorhinus C. gilmorei[158]
Otariidae sp.
Horikawa, 1981[159]
Prototaria P. planicephala
Kohno, 1994[160]
P. primigena
Takeyama & Ozawa, 1984[161]
Pseudotaria
Kohno, 2006[162]
Archaeodobenus A. akamatsui
Tanaka & Kohno, 2015[163]
Protodobenus
Horikawa, 1995[164]
Odobenus
Tomida, 1989[165]

Historical extinctions and local extirpations

OrderCladeFamilyGenusSpeciesSynonymsImageAge
Hydrodamalis H. gigas
Microtus M. oeconomus[166]
M. fortis
Myopus M. schisticolor
Cervus C. unicolor[167]
Alces A. alces[168]
Moschus M. moschiferus
Bos B. primigenius
Panthera P. pardus
P. tigris
Lynx L. lynx[169]

Fossil species synonymized with extant or recently extinct species

OrderCladeFamilyGenusSpeciesSynonymsImageAge
Sus S. scrofa[170] Sus nipponicus
Matsumoto, 1915[171]
Sus cf. lydekkeri
E. caballus[172] Equus nipponicus
Shikama & Onuki, 1962[173]
Ursus U. arctos[174] Ursus tanakai
Shikama, 1949
Pinnipedia Zalophus Z. californianus[175] Eumetopias (?) kishidai
Shikama, 1953[176]
Z. japonicus Zalophus kimitsensis
Matsumoto, 1939[177]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: IUCN Red List>Advanced Search>Taxonomy: Mammalia — Red List Category: Extinct — Land Regions: Japan . . 28 June 2022.
  2. Web site: https://ikilog.biodic.go.jp/rdbdata/files/redlist2020/redlist2020_honyurui.csv . ja:レッドリスト 哺乳類 . Red List: Mammals . ja . . 27 March 2020 . 28 June 2022.
  3. New Early Cretaceous spalacotheriid "symmetrodont" mammal from Japan . Tsubamoto Takahisa . Rougier, Guillermo W. . Isaji Shinji . 2 . . 0567-7920 . 2004 . 49 . 3 . 329–346.
  4. An Early Cretaceous mammal from the Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group), Japan, and a reassessment of triconodont phylogeny . Rougier, Guillermo W. . Isaji Shinji . Manabe, M. . . 2007 . 76 . 2 . 73–115 . 10.2992/0097-4463(2007)76[73:AECMFT]2.0.CO;2. 85626914 .
  5. Early Cretaceous multituberculate mammals from the Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group), central Japan . Kusuhashi Nao . . 0567-7920 . 2008 . 53 . 3 . 379–390. 10.4202/app.2008.0302 . 56378037 .
  6. A new Early Cretaceous eutherian mammal from the Sasayama Group, Hyogo, Japan . Kusuhashi Nao . Tsutsumi Yukiyasu . Saegusa Haruo . Horie Kenji . 3 . Proceedings of the Royal Society B . 0962-8452 . 2013 . 280 . 1759 . 20130142 . 10.1098/rspb.2013.0142. 23536594 . 3619506 .
  7. An early Late Cretaceous mammal from Japan, with reconsideration of the evolution of tribosphenic molars . Setoguchi Takeshi . Tsubamoto Takehisa . Hanamura Hajime . Hachiya Kiichiro . 2 . . 1342-8144 . 1999 . 3 . 1 . 18–28 . 10.2517/prpsj.3.18. 31 January 2024 .
  8. A new tillodont from the early Middle Eocene of Japan and its implication to the subfamily Trogosinae (Tillodontia: Mammalia) . Miyata Kazunori . . Paleontological Research . 1998 . 2 . 1 . 53–66 . 10.2517/prpsj.2.53. 31 January 2024 .
  9. ja:日本産マストヾンの二新種(略報) . Preliminary notes on two new species of fossil mastodon from Japan . ja . . Journal of the Geological Society of Tokyo . 0016-7630 . 1924 . 31 . 375 . 395–414 . 10.5575/geosoc.31.375_395. free .
  10. Japonic Proboscidea . Makiyama Jirō .

    ja:槇山次郎

    . Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto Imperial University. Series B . 0368-8895 . 1938 . 14 . 1 . 1–59 . 2433/257870.
  11. ja:「日本の長鼻類化石」とそれ以後 . On Japanese Proboscidean Fossils and views of the studies after that . ja,en . Kamei Tadao .

    ja:亀井節夫

    . Earth Science (Chikyū Kagaku) . 2000 . 54 . 4 . 211–230 . 10.15080/agcjchikyukagaku.54.4_211.
  12. Dwarf Stegolophodon from the Miocene of Japan: Passengers on sinking boats . Saegusa Haruo . . 2008 . 182 . 1 . 49–62 . 10.1016/j.quaint.2007.08.001. 2008QuInt.182...49S .
  13. Three Alleged Occurrences of Stegolophodon latidens (Clift) in Japan . . Proceedings of the Japan Academy . 0021-4280 . 1950 . 26 . 9 . 61–65 . 10.2183/pjab1945.26.9_61. free .
  14. ja:富山県八尾層群産の中新世Stegolophodon . A Miocene Stegolophodon from Yatuo Group in Toyama Prefecture . en,ja . . Kirii Yoshihiro . 304. A Miocene stegolophodon from Yatuo Group in Toyama Prefecture . Transactions and Proceedings of the Paleontological Society of Japan. New Series. 0031-0204 . 1956 . 24 . 24 . 285–289 . 10.14825/prpsj1951.1956.24_285.
  15. Discovery of a Miocene elephant molar from the Sennan District, Miyagi Prefecture, northeast Japan . Hatai Kotora .

    ja:畑井小虎

    . Saito Ho-on Kai Museum Research Bulletin . 1959 . 28 . 1–4.
  16. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/10835388 . ja:陸中國東磐井郡松川村及其他本邦産ステゴドン及パラステゴドンに就て . On Japanese stegodonts and parastegodonts . ja,en . . Dōbutsugaku zasshi . 0044-5118 . 1941 . 53 . 8 . 385–396.
  17. New species of Stegolophodon found from the Shigarami formation, northern part of Nagano prefecture, central Japan . Fossil Elephant Research Group . Earth Science (Chikyū Kagaku) . 0366-6611 . 1979 . 33 . 1 . 11–25 . 10.15080/agcjchikyukagaku.33.1_11.
  18. [On Stegodons fossils from Itsukaichi, Nishitama-gun, Tokyo] . ja . Itsukaichi Stegodon Research Group . Bunkazaki No Hogo . 1980 . 12 . 76–91.
  19. A new species of Stegodon (Mammalia, Proboscidea) from the Kazusa Group (lower Pleistocene), Hachioji City, Tokyo, Japan and its evolutionary morphodynamics . Aiba, H. . Baba, K. . Matsukawa, M. . . 2010 . 53 . 3 . 471–490 . 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00953.x. 2010Palgy..53..471A . 128161878 .
  20. http://id.nii.ac.jp/1504/00000253/ . ja:日本列島産"Parastegodon"属の分類学的再検討 . Systematic revision of the genus "Parastegodon" from the Japanese Islands (Mammalia: Proboscidea) . en,ja . Taruno Hiroyuki . . 1991 . 45 . 5–16.
  21. On a New Archetypal Fossil Elephant from Mt. Tomuro, Kaga . . Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University. 2nd Series, Geology . 1918 . 3 . 2 . 51–56 . 0082-464X . 10097/30161.
  22. ja:横濱市及び神奈川縣柿生村發見の象齒化石に就て . On Fossil Elephant Teeth Found in Yokohama City and Kakio Village, Kanagawa Prefecture . ja . . Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) . 1934 . 46 . 8 . 363–371 . 10.5026/jgeography.46.363. free .
  23. A New Fossil Elephant Found in Shikoku, Japan . . Proceedings of the Imperial Academy . 1935 . 11 . 10 . 432–434 . 10.2183/pjab1912.11.432. 128053908 . free .
  24. On a New Fossil Elephant from Okubo-mura, Akashi-gun, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan . Takai Fuyuji . Proceedings of the Imperial Academy . 1936 . 12 . 1 . 19–21 . 10.2183/pjab1912.12.19. free .
  25. Parastegodon infrequens sp. nov. from the Akashi district . . Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography . 1937 . 14 . 3–4 . 127–131.
  26. ja:トウヨウゾウ・ナウマンゾウの日本列島への移入時期と陸橋形成 . Immigration times of the two proboscidean species, Stegodon orientalis and Palaeoloxodon naumanni, into the Japanese Islands and the formation of land bridge . ja,en . Konishi Shōgo . Yoshikawa Shūsaku . Earth Science (Chikyū Kagaku) . 0366-6611 . 1999 . 53 . 2 . 125–134 . 10.15080/agcjchikyukagaku.53.2_125.
  27. ja:日本産ステゴドンの種類(略報) . Species of Stegodon From Japan . ja . . Journal of the Geological Society of Japan . 1924 . 31 . 373 . 323–340 . 10.5575/geosoc.31.373_323. free .
  28. ja:日本を代表するゾウ化石 ナウマンゾウ(ふぉっしる) . The Elephant Fossils that Represent Japan: Naumann's Elephant (Palaeoloxodon naumanni) . ja . Kondō Yōichi . Fossils . 0022-9202 . 2006 . 79 . 81–87 . 10.14825/kaseki.79.0_81.
  29. Notes on a fossil elephant from Sahamma, Tôtômi . Makiyama Jirō .

    ja:槇山次郎

    . Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto Imperial University. Series B . 0368-8895 . 1924 . 1 . 2 . 255–264 . 2433/257670.
  30. ja:日本産化石象の種類(略報) . Preliminary note on fossil elephants in Japan . ja . . Journal of the Geological Society of Japan . 0016-7630 . 1924 . 31 . 371 . 255–272 . 10.5575/geosoc.31.371_255. free .
  31. On a New Fossil Race of the Asiatic Elephant in Japan . . Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University. 2nd Series, Geology . 0082-464X . 1927 . 3 . 57–58 . 10097/30203.
  32. On Loxodonta (Palaeoloxodon) namadica Falconer & Cautley in Japan . . Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University. 2nd Series, Geology . 0082-464X . 1929 . 13 . 1 . 1–5 . 10097/30215.
  33. ja:横濱市及び神奈川縣柿生村發見の象齒化石に就て . Fossil elephant teeth found at Yokohama and Kakio, Kanagawa Prefecture . ja . . Takai Fujuji . Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) . 1934 . 46 . 8 . 363–371 . 10.5026/jgeography.46.363. free .
  34. ja:青森縣七戸町附近の地質と出土の象化石 . Geology in the Vicinity of Shichinohe, Aomori Prefecture, and an Excavated Fossil Elephant . ja . . Takai Fujuji . Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) . 1936 . 48 . 2 . 67–70 . 10.5026/jgeography.48.67. free .
  35. ja:化石動物の學名と國際動物命名規則(つヾき) . Scientific Names of Fossils and the International Rules of zoological Nomencalature (2) . ja . Makiyama Jirō .

    ja:槇山次郞

    . Chikyu: The Globe . 1929 . 12 . 5 . 358–367 . 2433/183683.
  36. Book: Evolution of Island Mammals: Adaptation and Extinction of Placental Mammals on Islands . Geer, Alexandra van der . Lyras, George . Vos, John de . . 2021 . 978-1-119-67573-0.
  37. Land bridge formation and proboscidean immigration into the Japanese Islands during the Quaternary . Yoshikawa Shūsaku . Kawamura Yoshinari . Taruno Hiroyuki . Journal of Geosciences, Osaka City University . 2007 . 50 . 1 . 1–6.
  38. ja:日本産化石象の種類(略報) . Types of Fossil Elephant from Japan . ja . . Journal of the Geological Society of Tokyo . 0016-7630 . 1924 . 31 . 371 . 255–272 . 10.5575/geosoc.31.371_255. free .
  39. On the Archetypal Mammoths from the Province of Kazusa . . Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University. 2nd Series, Geology . 1926 . 10 . 2 . 43–50 . 0082-464X . 10097/30194.
  40. Discussion of Matsumoto's paper "On the archetypal mammoths from the Province of Kazusa" . . Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abt. B . 1 . 1927 . 314.
  41. Nomenclative notes of Parelephas protomammonteus (Matsumoto) . . Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography . 1937 . 14 . 163–166.
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