Model V Explained
The Model V was among the early[1] electromechanical[2] general purpose computers,[3] [4] designed by George Stibitz and built by Bell Telephone Laboratories, operational in 1946.
Only two machines were built: first one was installed at National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA, later NASA), the second (1947) at the US Army’s Ballistic Research Laboratory (BRL).
Construction
Design was started in 1944. The tape-controlled (Harvard architecture) machine had two (design allowed for a total of six) processors ("computers") that could operate independently,[5] an early form of multiprocessing.[6]
The Model V weighed about 10ST.
Significance
Model VI
Built and used internally by Bell Telephone Laboratories, operational in 1949.
Simplified version of the Model V (only one processor, about half the relays) but with several improvements, including one of the earliest use of the microcode.[10] [11] [12]
Bibliography
- Book: A survey of automatic digital computers. Research. United States Office of Naval. 1953. Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy. Models V and VI. 9–10 (in reader: 15–16).
- The relay computers at Bell Labs : those were the machines, part 2 . Datamation . May 1967 . The relay computers at Bell Labs : those were the machines, parts 1 and 2 102724647 Computer History Museum. part 2: pp. 47, 49. .
- Irvine. M. M.. July 2001. Early digital computers at Bell Telephone Laboratories. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 23. 3. 25–27. 10.1109/85.948904. 1058-6180. pdf
- Book: https://books.google.com/books?id=oyBUDgAAQBAJ&q=%22model+v%22&pg=PA35. Birthing the Computer: From Relays to Vacuum Tubes. Kaisler. Stephen H.. 2016. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 9781443896313. 35–37. Chapter Three: Stibitz's Relay Computers.
- Web site: Г. – Bell Labs – Model V. oplib.ru. ru. G. – Bell Labs – Model V. 2017-10-11. . https://web.archive.org/web/20220929151216/http://oplib.ru/random/view/161936. September 29, 2022 .
Further reading
- Alt. Franz L.. 1948. A Bell Telephone Laboratories' computing machine. I. Mathematics of Computation. 3. 21. 1–13. 10.1090/S0025-5718-1948-0023118-1. 0025-5718. . free.
- Andrews . Ernest G. . The Bell Computer, Model VI . Proceedings of a Second Symposium on Large-scale Digital Calculating Machinery . 1949-09-01 . 20–31 (58–69) .
- Bell Laboratories Digital Computers . Bell Laboratories Record . Mar 1957 . XXXV . 3 . 81–84 . www.americanradiohistory.com.
- Book: Ceruzzi. Paul E.. Reckoners: The Prehistory of the Digital Computer, from Relays to the Stored Program Concept, 1935-1945. 1983. Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. 9780313233821. http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Reckoners-ch-4.html. 95–99. 4. Number, Please - Computers at Bell Labs.
- Book: Bullynck . Maarten . Programming men and machines. Changing organisation in the artillery computations at Aberdeen Proving Ground (1916-1946) . 2015 . 9–12 . https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01541616 . 3. Bell Model V Calculator: Tapes and Controls.
External links
Notes and References
- Book: Williams . Samuel Byron . Digital Computing Systems . 1959 . McGraw-Hill . 89 .
- Book: University of Alabama Bureau of Business Research. Printed Series . 1954 . 5 .
- Book: The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers. Randell. B.. 2012. Springer Science & Business Media. 9783642961458. 239, 352. [...] IBM SSEC [...] was hardly a stored program computer [...] being basically a tape-controlled machine in the tradition of the Harvard Mark I or the Bell Laboratories Model V..
- Book: Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology: Volume 3 - Ballistics Calculations to Box-Jenkins Approach to Time Series Analysis and Forecasting. Belzer. Jack. Holzman. Albert G.. Kent. Allen. 1976. CRC Press. 9780824722531. 200.
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- Book: Dasgupta, Subrata. It Began with Babbage: The Genesis of Computer Science. 2014-01-07. Oxford University Press. 9780199309429. 63.
- Book: Thompson . Thomas M. . From Error-Correcting Codes Through Sphere Packings to Simple Groups . 1983 . Cambridge University Press . 9780883850374 . 15–17 .
- Book: Knuth . Donald E. . Art of Computer Programming, Volume 2: Seminumerical Algorithms . 2014 . Addison-Wesley Professional . 9780321635761 . 378 (electronic edition).
- Web site: Relay computers of George Stibitz. history-computer.
- Book: Reilly . Edwin D. . Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology . 2003 . Greenwood Publishing Group . 9781573565219 . 28 . registration . Model VI macro. .
- Book: Ceruzzi . Paul E. . Ceruzzi . Curator of Aerospace Electronics and Computing Paul E. . A History of Modern Computing . 2003 . MIT Press . 9780262532037 . 149 . registration . Model VI Wilkes. .
- Book: Reilly . Edwin D. . Ralston . Anthony . Hemmendinger . David . Encyclopedia of Computer Science . 2000 . Nature Publishing Group . 9781561592487 . 136 . The Model VI did have an ability to execute short sequences of arithmetic with single commands punched on the tape, a concept new at the time and one rediscovered and named later as “macro" commands. It interpreted these commands through ingenious electromagnetic circuits that, in effect, “microprogrammed" the machine. It is not historically misleading to use that term, since those features were seen and noticed by Maurice Wilkes (q.v.), who later developed that concept for stored program electronic computers.. Second part of the text: search (with quotes) for "stored program electronic computers.".