Muzaffargarh District Explained

Muzaffargarh District
Native Name Lang:ur
Settlement Type:District of Punjab
Image Blank Emblem:District Government Muzaffargarh.jpg
Blank Emblem Type:District Government logo
Blank Emblem Alt:District Government Muzaffargarh
Coordinates:30.0694°N 71.1942°W
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Type1:Province
Subdivision Name1: Punjab
Subdivision Type2:Division
Subdivision Name2:Dera Ghazi Khan
Seat Type:Headquarters
Seat:Muzaffargarh
Government Type:District Government
Unit Pref:Metric
Area Total Km2:4778
Population Footnotes:[1]
Population As Of:2023
Population Total:5015325
Population Density Km2:auto
Timezone1:PST
Utc Offset1:+5
Established Title:Established
Leader Title:Deputy Commissioner
Leader Name:Amjad Shoaib Tareen[2]
Leader Title1:District Police Officer
Leader Name1:Hassan Iqbal[3]
Leader Title2:District Health Officer
Leader Name2:N/A
Blank Name Sec1:District Council
Blank1 Name Sec1:Number of Tehsils
Blank1 Info Sec1:3
Demographics1 Title1:Main language(s)
Demographics1 Info1:Saraiki, and Urdu

Muzaffargarh District (Urdu: {{Nastaliq|ضِلع مُظفّرگڑھ) is a district of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Its capital is Muzaffargarh city. It lies on the bank of the Chenab River.

Administration

The district is administratively divided into the following three tehsils (subdivisions), which contain a total of 93 Union Councils:[4]

TehsilNo. of Unions
Alipur14
Jatoi16
Muzaffargarh35
Total65

Demographics

Population

At the time of the 2017 census, Muzaffargarh had a sex ratio of 944 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 43.41% for males and 32.31% for females. 444,264 (14.90%) lived in urban areas. 967,074 (32.44%) were under 10 years of age.[5] In the 2023 census, Muzaffargarh had a population of 5,015,325[6]

Religion

Religious
group! colspan="2"
1941[7] 20172023[8]
Pop.%
360,8682,977,2314,992,31299.6%
53,4583327060.01%
3,2801000%
1622,56517,6200.32%
Ahmadi8451,1970.02%
Others426751890%
Total Population418,1942,981,0485,012,124100%
Religious
group! colspan="2"
1901[9] 1911[10] [11] 1921[12] 1931[13] 1941[14]
350,177494,915493,369513,265616,074
52,22168,15869,87872,57790,643
3,2256,3224,8695,2875,882
3360356246227
04000
01600
010023
00000
Others00000
Total population405,656569,461568,478591,375712,849
Tehsil! colspan="2"
OthersTotal
Muzaffargargh Tehsil192,51627,714962161023221,376
Alipur Tehsil168,35226,1442,318103196,818
Kot Adu Tehsil117,00514,8031,7205205133,585
Leiah Tehsil138,20121,982882401161,070

Language

At the time of the 2023 census, 89.37% of the population spoke Saraiki, 3.99% Urdu and 5.19% Punjabi as their first language.[15]

Ethnicity

The most famous tribes and races are as under; Khar (offshoot of Kharal tribe), Khokhar, Dasti, Qureshi, Jatoi, Hinjra, Langrial, Thahim, Gopang, Bukhari, Gilani, Rajput, Jat and Arian.[16] The major ethnic group are the Saraiki-speaking Jat forming the majority, with Saraiki-speaking Gujjar, Baloch, Rajputs and Pathan groups in minority.[17] [18]

History

Muzzaffargarh was an ancient settlement, inhabited by Mallian people of Multan region. Umayyad Arabs led by Muhammad ibn e Qasim conquered the area in early 8th century spreading Islam in the region.

In 997 CE, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi, took over the Ghaznavid dynasty empire established by his father, Sultan Sebuktegin, In 1005 he conquered the Shahis in Kabul in 1005, and followed it by the conquests of Punjab region. The Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal Empire ruled the region. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region.

Muzaffargarh region became a part of the Muslim Ghaurid Sultanate when the Persian noble Sultan Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad Ghauri conquered Punjab in 1185 CE. The area slowly developed as medieval town and many Muslim Sufi missionaries converted the local population to Islam.

During the Mughal period population increased and land under cultivation was increased. After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh Empire invaded and occupied Muzaffargarh region. The Muslims faced restrictions during the Sikh rule. Between 1765 and 1846 Muzaffargarh was occupied by the Sikhs. Two main battles between British and Sikh armies were fought in this district on 22 February 1849 the British declare victory in Punjab.

Foundation as a town

Muzaffargarh was founded in 1794 by the Governor of Multan Nawab Muzaffar Khan. The Meaning of Muzaffargarh is "Fort of Muzaffar" because the old town lies inside the walls of a fort built by Nawab Muzaffar Khan of Multan. Prior to that the place was known by a shop called "Musan Hatti", on the road leading from Multan to Dera Ghazi Khan. In 1861 it became the separate Muzaffargarh District.

After Independence 1947

After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Muzaffargarh District. Muslim refugees from East Punjab, Haryana, Jammu started arriving and crossed the border into Pakistan; many were given land in Muzaffargarh District to settle.

Geography and neighborhood

Muzaffargarh spreads over an area of 8,249 km2 and forms a strip between the Chenab River on its east and Indus River on its west, which pass along the Eastern and Western boundaries respectively of the district and a triangle at Alipur tehsil of the district. The district is bounded on the north by district Layyah, on the south by Bahawalpur and Rahimyar Khan districts across the river Chenab.

Districts Multan and Khanewal are on the eastern side of district Muzaffargarh, across the river Chenab. District Jhang touches it on the northeast. Dera Gahzi Khan and Rajanpur districts lie on the western side across the river Indus. It is one of oldest districts of Punjab. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the population of the district was 2,635,903, of which 12.75% were urban.[19] Muzaffargarh is one of oldest districts of Punjab.

2010 floods

Muzaffargarh was especially hard hit by the 2010 Pakistan floods, given its position between the Chenab and Indus rivers It is spread over an area of 8,249 km2. Muzaffargarh District lies in the strip between the rivers Chenab and Indus.

Geography and climate

The city of Muzaffargarh is located in southern Punjab province at almost the exact centre of Pakistan. The closest major city is Multan. The area around the city is a flat, alluvial plain and is ideal for agriculture, with many citrus and mango farms. There are many canals that cut across the Muzaffargarh District providing water from nearby farms. This makes the land very fertile. However usually land close to the Chenab are usually flooded in the monsoon season.

Climate

Muzaffargarh features an arid climate with very hot summers and mild winters. The city witnesses some of the most extreme weather in the country. The highest recorded temperature is approximately, and the lowest recorded temperature is approximately . The average rainfall is roughly 127mm. Dust storms are a common occurrence within the city.

The district's towns include Basti Malik Wala, Taliri, Mauza Bahadur Dawana, Dawana Bahadur Peer Rajan Bukhsh, Kot Addu, Khangarh and Hayat Nagar.

Education

Although Muzaffargarh is one of the oldest and largest districts of Pakistan by area and population, it still has only a single campus of Virtual University of Pakistan. The literacy rate is one of the lowest in the country.[20] District Muzaffargarh has a total of 1,072 male and 1,009 female public sector schools.[21] According to the School Education Department's data, a total of 5,023 male and 4,130 female teachers are employed in public school education sector of the district.

Forests

An area of 100,864 acres is forested in the district biggest Lashari wala Forest. There is also linear plantation of 1250 A.V. mile the roads/rails/canals in the district. Trees grown in the area are kikar, shisham, millbury, eucalyptus, bamboo and coconut.

Notable people

Notes and References

  1. Web site: District Wise Results / Tables (Census - 2023). www.pbscensus.gov.pk. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
  2. Web site: Administration of Muzaffargarh District . mgarh.com . 2017-12-28 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171224144921/http://mgarh.com/admin.html . 24 December 2017 . dead .
  3. Web site: DPO Muzaffargarh District Police . www.mgarh.com . 2017-12-28 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180109192501/http://mgarh.com/police.html . 9 January 2018 . dead .
  4. http://www.nrb.gov.pk/lg_election/union.asp?district=22&dn=Muzaffargarh Tehsils & Unions in the District of Muzaffargarh – Government of Pakistan
  5. Web site: District Wise Results / Tables (Census - 2017) . www.pbscensus.gov.pk . Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
  6. Web site: Pakistan Census 2023 .
  7. Web site: CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB PROVINCE. 21 July 2022.
  8. Web site: Pakistan Census 2023 .
  9. Web site: Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. ]. saoa.crl.25363739 . 29 March 2024 . 1901 . 34.
  10. Web site: Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. . saoa.crl.25393788 . 29 March 2024 . 1911 . 27.
  11. Web site: Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II . 23 March 2024 . 1911 . 27 . Kaul, Harikishan.
  12. Web site: Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. . saoa.crl.25430165 . 29 March 2024 . 1921 . 29.
  13. Web site: Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. . saoa.crl.25793242 . 29 March 2024 . 1931 . 277.
  14. Web site: Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab . saoa.crl.28215541 . 29 March 2024 . 1941 . 42.
  15. Web site: Pakistan Census 2023 .
  16. Fiaz . Hafiz Muhammad . Akhtar . Dr Sohail . Rind . Ayaz Ahmad . 2021-12-31 . Socio-cultural Condition of South Punjab: A Case of Muzaffargarh District . International Research Journal of Education and Innovation . en . 2 . 3 . 15–34 . 10.53575/irjei.v2.03(21)2.15-34 . 2710-0448.
  17. Web site: Gazetteer of the Muzaffargarh District. 19 June 1884. Punjab Government Press. Google Books.
  18. Book: 1998 District Census report of Muzaffargarh. Islamabad. Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan. Census publication . 120. 2000. 21–22.
  19. Web site: Urban Resource Centre. urckarachi.org. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20060513113007/http://www.urckarachi.org/Population%20Table-5.htm. 2006-05-13.
  20. Web site: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2014–15 Report.
  21. Web site: 16 August 2016. Punjab Annual Schools Census Data 2014–15. https://web.archive.org/web/20160816225210/http://schoolportal.punjab.gov.pk/schoolInfoNew.asp?distId=323--Muzaffargarh. 16 August 2016. dead.