Orthodox Peronism Explained

Orthodox Peronism
Native Name:Peronismo Ortodoxo
Colorcode:Black
Leader:Isabel Perón
José López Rega (until July 9, 1975)
José Ignacio Rucci
Ítalo Lúder
Juan Domingo Perón
Norma Kennedy
Jorge Osinde
Successor:Peronist Renovation
Membership:Justicialist Party
Position:Faction that governed:
Far-right[1] [2]
Factions:
Centre[3] [4] [5] [6]
Religion:Catholicism
Regional:Propaganda Due
Founded:1965

Orthodox Peronism, Peronist Orthodoxy, National Justicialism,[7] is a faction within Peronism, a political movement in Argentina that adheres to the ideology and legacy of Juan Perón. Orthodox Peronists are staunch supporters of Perón and his original policies, and they reject any association with Marxism or any other left-wing ideologies. Some of them are aligned with far-right elements.[8] Orthodox Peronism also refers to the Peronist trade union faction that split from the “62 organizations" and that opposed the “legalists", who were more moderate and pragmatic. They were also known as “the hardliners", “the 62 standing with Perón" and they maintained an orthodox and verticalist stance, in accordance with the Peronist doctrine.[9] Orthodox Peronism has been in several conflicts with the Tendencia Revolucionaria (opposite current in the Peronist movement), for example during the Ezeiza massacre.

Origin of the denomination

The term orthodox Peronism emerged during the years of the Peronist resistance after 1955, when historical revisionism was consolidated and enabled a closer connection between Peronism and nationalism. Although there was some relationship between the Peronist government and the nationalists, the former was not revisionist in its historical interpretation and the latter did not have a dominant role in the government. It was only from 1955 onwards, in the context of the resistance and influenced by historical nationalism, that an orthodox Peronism began to take shape. This implied not only an adaptation of Peronism to nationalism, but also a reappropriation and reformulation of some of the original concepts of Perón’s discourse by the nationalists. This convergence between nationalists and Peronists was not without tensions or difficulties. During those years, they formed the most intransigent and uncompromising sectors of Peronism, who rejected any kind of agreement with the government. They distanced themselves from the neoperonist, vandorist or conciliatory tendencies that emerged in the movement in the sixties. Also when we refer to the traditional orthodox current, we account for a conglomerate of unions and groups that, although strongly identified by the justicialist verticality, were initially opposed to the leadership of Rodolfo Ponce and the right-wing unionism. In most of them, the union leaders had a wide trajectory, which they had acquired in the conflicts of the first half of the 60s (Plan de Huerta Grande and Plan del Lucha del 64"), This current would be mainly represented by the Secretaries of the AEC (Ezequiel Crisol) and the UOM (Albertano Quiroga), counting on the support of the unions with the largest number of affiliates in the city, but which in turn did not have a greater political weight during the decade. Peronism underwent a profound political transformation from the campaign of the luche and vuelve, which culminated in Perón’s return to power in 1973. The tensions between the union sectors and the Peronist left, which had supported Cámpora’s government, worsened with the turn to the right that Perón promoted from his inauguration. The sectors of traditional Peronism, union orthodoxy and Peronist right-wing joined in a verticalist triad that had just formed a new Peronist orthodoxy, and offcorse it had sought to marginalize and repress the Peronist left, which resisted giving up its revolutionary ideals. Since then, orthodox Peronism encompassed those sectors that, invoking verticalism, opposed any kind of alignment with the so-called marxism or the left-wing peronism. The orthodox Peronists began to be recognized those who, professing their loyalty to Perón and his wife (Estela Martínez de Perón), defended the “Peronist homeland" against the “socialist homeland" proposed by the left-wing faction of the movement, known as the Revolutionary Tendency. During Lastiri’s government and after Perón’s death, the new orthodox entente used institutional and extra-institutional mechanisms to expel and corner the new heterodoxy, made up of the Peronist left and the governors and officials aligned with it, political violence intensified within the Peronist movement, as well as the armed action of the guerrilla organizations. This resulted in several conflicts that marked this period as one of the most violent in Argentina’s history.[8] [10]

Ideology

Until 1973

Initially, orthodox Peronism encompassed those centrist sectors that followed the Peronist ideals to the letter and opposed the neo-Peronist sectors of the time, as Perón expressed in his speeches:It was mainly organized under the orthodox union leadership. This traditional orthodoxy was part of the National Transference Table.

Since 1973

With the return of Perón, Orthodox Peronism mainly advocated its total adherence to the governments of Perón and Isabel Perón, highlighting that the twenty Peronist truths were relevant and nothing else (emphasizing it to the tendency); the opposition to the revolutionary youth sectors of Peronism and the "Homeland Socialist", considered alien to the movement; and the reaffirmation of the Third Position distancing itself from both United States and the Soviet Union.[2] [11] The term of right-wing peronism is included within the parameter of the orthodoxy, but not only, since the term could denote old Justicialists or centrists/centre-rightists who simply wanted to distance themselves from the postulates of the tendency. The distinction of the orthodox organizations of "far right" obeys to that these last ones assumed the fight against the Marxist advance within the Peronist movement through the armed violence, with a marked antisemitic, anticommunist and antisynarchist bias.[2] [12]

Fascism was also a qualification that various groups were pointed out, such as the Nationalist Liberation Alliance and the Tacuara Nationalist Movement, although both of their leaders Isabel Perón and José López Rega ("the wizard") showed tuning for fascism or falangism.[13] [14] [15] Perón was seen performing the roman salute characteristic of the movements akin to fascism.[16] And López Rega was part of the Masonic lodge Propaganda Due, led by the fascist Licio Gelli, and he collaborated whit fascist peronist groups.[17] Economically both showed neoliberal profiles and appointed as minister of economy Celestino Rodrigo, who applied an ultra-liberal economic program vulgarly known as "Rodrigazo".[18] [19]

Orthodoxy organizations

In the seventies, there were several terrorist organizations that adhered to this Peronism. Among the main groups of Orthodox Peronism include the Orthodox Peronist Youth, with Adrián Curi as executive secretary; Concentration of the Peronist Youth, with Martín Salas as organization secretary; Peronist Union Youth, which has Claudio Mazota in t.he union secretariat; the Iron Guard, the Falangist National University Concentration; the Peronist Youth of the Argentine Republic, National Student Front, which had Víctor Lorefice as press and finance secretary, and the neo-Nazi and Antisemite organization the Tacuara Nationalist Movement is also part of this movement. The Alianza Anticomunista Argentina (AAA) also Is included, although it is not yet clear if it is its own political organization, a mere death squad, or a confederation of right-wing groups.[20] Other minor groups such as the Comando Rucci are also part of this denomination.[21]

Present

Currently the term orthodox Peronism, is still used although sometimes it is not used with historical rigor. It is used to describe groups such as the Popular Dignity party[22] (currently the Federal Republican Encounter),[23] the Second Republic Project,[24] the Popular Party,[25] the Principles and Values Party,[26] [27] [28] Unite for Freedom and Dignity[29] (successor of People's Countryside Party and Movement for Dignity and Independence[30]), Federal Patriot Front[31] (previously known as New Triumph Party, Alternativa Social and Bandera Vecinal), parts of Youth and Dignity Left Movement[32] [33] and Federal Commitment.[34] Orthodox Peronism currently has its place in federal peronism, and is also characterized by rejecting the left wing of Peronism, Kirchnerism. Also some important current leaders of Peronism such as Alberto Rodriguez Saa, are classified within orthodox Justicialism.[35] FPF leader Alejandro Biondini meanwhile rejects both Kirchnerism and Menemism.[36]

References

  1. Besoky . Juan Luis . 2010 . La revista El Caudillo de la Tercera Posición: órgano de expresión de la extrema derecha. . Conflicto Social . es . 3 . 3 . 7–28 . 1852-2262.
  2. Book: Besoky, Juan Luis . Loyal and Orthodox, the Peronist right. A coalition against revolutionary? . Argentina . https://www.ungs.edu.ar/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Besoki.pdf . Spanish.
  3. Web site: Alonso . Dalmiro . 2012 . Ideología y violencia organizada en la Argentina en los años de la Guerra Fría . 2023-12-09 . repositoriosdigitales.mincyt.gob.ar. «Finalmente, en julio de 1975, se produjo la principal escisión en el seno del peronismo antizquierdista que opuso a la derecha moderada que controlaba las 62 organizaciones de la C.G.T. a los ultraderechistas dirigidos por López Rega.»
  4. Web site: PROVINCIAL CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE TREND AND ORTHODOXY. La Rioja, a case study . 2023-03-10 . www.google.com.
    It was another significant expression that designated all those actors located in the so-called Peronist right; but that, ultimately, went beyond it since it could also include the centrist or moderate sectors of Peronism. It was neither more nor less than his quintessential opponent: the Peronist Orthodoxy.
  5. Book: Besoky, Juan Luis . Loyal and Orthodox, the Peronist right. A coalition against revolutionary? . Argentina . https://www.ungs.edu.ar/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Besoki.pdf . Spanish.
    Not all the Peronist organizations that were critical of the left can be encompassed within the right, such as the case of Guardia de Hierro, which later became the Unique Organization for Generational Transfer (OUTG). Taking into account the work carried out on this organization by Tarruella (2005), Anchou and Bartoletti (2008) and Cucchetti (2010), among others, it would be pertinent to place it in the political center, at a more or less equidistant distance (depending on the moment) from the right and left of Peronism. In this case it would be more appropriate to locate them within the field of orthodox Peronism but not of the right.
  6. Book: Besoky, Juan Luis . An approach to the Peronist right 1973–1976 . 2012 . http://redesperonismo.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/015.pdf . Spanish.
  7. Besoky . Juan Luis . 2018-01-05 . Los muchachos peronistas antijudíos. A propósito del antisemitismo en el movimiento peronista . Trabajos y Comunicaciones . es . 47 . e057 . 10.24215/23468971e057 . 2346-8971. free . 11336/86568 . free .
  8. Besoky . Juan Luis . 24 May 2013 . La derecha peronista en perspectiva . Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos. Nouveaux Mondes Mondes Nouveaux – Novo Mundo Mundos Novos – New World New Worlds . es . 10.4000/nuevomundo.65374 . 1626-0252. 11336/4140 . free .
  9. Book: Schmucler . Héctor . Malecki . Sebastián . Gordillo . Mónica . El obrerismo de pasado y presente: Documento para un dossier no publicado sobre . 13 March 2018 . Eduvim . 978-987-699-213-8 . 214 . es.
  10. Ladeuix . Juan I. . Perón o Muerte en la Aldea: Las formas de la violencia política en espacios locales del interior bonaerense. 197 -1973 .
  11. Web site: Alonso . Dalmiro . 2012 . Ideología y violencia organizada en la Argentina en los años de la Guerra Fría . 2023-12-09 . repositoriosdigitales.mincyt.gob.ar.
  12. Web site: PROVINCIAL CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE TREND AND ORTHODOXY. La Rioja, a case study . 2023-03-10 . www.google.com.
    It was another significant expression that designated all those actors located in the so-called Peronist right; but that, ultimately, went beyond it since it could also include the centrist or moderate sectors of Peronism. It was neither more nor less than his quintessential opponent: the Peronist Orthodoxy.
  13. Book: Lapolla, Alberto Jorge . Kronos: La esperanza rota, 1972-1974 . 2004 . De la campana . 978-987-9125-54-0 . es.
  14. Book: M, Pedro N. Miranda . Terrorismo de estado: testimonio del horror en Chile y Argentina . 1989 . Editorial Sextante . es.
  15. Book: Rock, David . La derecha argentina: nacionalistas, neoliberales, militares y clericales . 2001 . Javier Vergara . 978-950-15-2175-7 . es.
  16. News: 2007-01-14 . María Estela Martínez, 'Isabelita Perón' . es . El País . 2023-12-09 . 1134-6582.
  17. Book: McSherry, J. Patrice . Los estados depredadores: la Operación Cóndor y la guerra encubierta en América Latina . 2009 . Lom Ediciones . 978-956-00-0062-0 . es.
  18. Corigliano . Francisco . 2007 . Colapso estatal y política exterior: el caso de la Argentina (des)gobernada por Isabel Perón (1974-1976) . Revista SAAP: Sociedad Argentina de Análisis Político . es . 3 . 1 . 55–79.
  19. Web site: LPO . ¿Rodrigazo o 2001?: Debaten los límites del ajuste económico . 2023-12-09 . www.lapoliticaonline.com . es-ar.
  20. Web site: Alonso . Dalmiro . 2012 . Ideología y violencia organizada en la Argentina en los años de la Guerra Fría . 2023-03-10 . repositoriosdigitales.mincyt.gob.ar.
  21. VII Jornadas de Sociología de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata . National University of La Plata . Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación . Besoky . Juan Luis . 5 November 2013 . Adiós juventud... Juan Domingo Perón y el fin de la tendencia revolucionaria . es.
  22. Web site: Bron . Florencia . 6 August 2020 . Olaizola: "Cúneo no es desestabilizador; somos peronistas ortodoxos y hay cosas que no nos gustan" . 2023-03-10 . DIARIO ACTUALIDAD . es.
  23. Web site: Milei aspira tropa y le complica la construcción bonaerense a Pichetto . 2024-01-25 . LetraP . es-PA.
  24. Book: Guadagno, Facundo . El partido político Segunda República y Ricardo Lirio: Una mirada antropólogica sobre un nuevo nacionalismo argentino . Spanish .
  25. Web site: Jorquera . Miguel . 2017-06-15 . Desde la izquierda hasta Biondini Más de diez alianzas se presentarán en la provincia de Buenos Aires . 2024-01-25 . PAGINA12 . es.
  26. Web site: pergamino.ciudad.7 . Pablo Lucidi: "Somos un grupo de vecinos con los valores ortodoxos del peronismo" . 2023-07-24 . PERGAMINO CIUDAD . spanish.
  27. Web site: 2023-06-29 . Daniel Tunoni: "Dentro del peronismo ortodoxo, soy el único candidato a intendente en Mar del Plata" . 2023-07-24 . es-ES.
  28. Web site: 2023-06-25 . Hugo Moyano terminó apoyando a Guillermo Moreno para presidente . 2023-07-24 . www.memo.com.ar . es.
  29. Web site: https://web.archive.org/web/20230410132410/https://nuevospapeles.com/nota/milei-intenta-revivir-la-alianza-de-menem-y-alsogaray. 10 April 2023. 10 April 2023. es. Nuevos Papeles. Milei intenta revivir la alianza de Menem y Alsogaray.
  30. Web site: José Bonacci: "Yo no sé si el pueblo sigue a Milei por su prédica liberal" . 30 May 2022 .
  31. Web site: El peronismo a la orden del dia en las elecciones . 2024-01-29 . politicaaldia.com.ar . es.
  32. Web site: Dante Kaplanski . 12 August 2023. Trans, escritores, nacionalistas, liberales y piqueteros: quién es quién entre los candidatos a presidente menos conocidos . Trans, escritores, nacionalistas, liberales y piqueteros: quién es quién entre los candidatos a presidente menos conocidos.
  33. Web site: 2023-08-11. es. El peronismo a la orden del dia en las elecciones. politicaaldia.com.ar.
  34. Ostiguy. Schneider. May 2016. 10.13140/RG.2.1.3019.0969. Pierre. Aaron. Researchgate. The Politics of Incorporation: Party Systems, Political Leaders and the State in Argentina and Brazil.
  35. Web site: ABDO . GERARDO DAVID OMAR . 2014-11-13 . Peronismo Federal: ambicion y despretigio hechos fuerza politica . 2024-01-25 . Monografias.com . es.
  36. Web site: Alejandro Biondini en Bahía: "Como decía Perón, soy un león herbívoro" . es. 2 September 2021. 31 May 2024. La Nueva.