| Pérez Zeledón | |
| Nickname: | Pezeta (P.Z.) |
| Anthem: | Himno Municipal de Pérez Zeledón |
| Native Name Lang: | es |
| Settlement Type: | Canton |
| Pushpin Map: | Costa Rica San José#Costa Rica |
| Pushpin Map Alt: | Pérez Zeledón canton location in San José Province##Pérez Zeledón canton location in Costa Rica |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Pérez Zeledón canton location in San José Province##Pérez Zeledón canton location in Costa Rica |
| Coordinates: | 9.3392°N -83.7152°W |
| Map Alt: | Pérez Zeledón canton |
| Established Title: | Creation |
| Established Date: | 9 October 1931 |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | San José |
| Seat Type: | Head city |
| Seat: | San Isidro de El General |
| Government Type: | Municipality |
| Governing Body: | Spanish; Castilian: Municipalidad de Pérez Zeledón |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | Emmanuel Ceciliano Alfaro (PUSC) |
| Parts Type: | Districts |
| Parts Style: | list |
| Parts: | Districts |
| P1: | San Isidro de El General |
| P2: | El General |
| P3: | Daniel Flores |
| P4: | Rivas |
| P5: | San Pedro |
| P6: | Platanares |
| P7: | Pejibaye |
| P8: | Cajón |
| P9: | Barú |
| P10: | Río Nuevo |
| P11: | Páramo |
| P12: | La Amistad |
| Area Total Km2: | 1901.08 |
| Elevation M: | 690 |
| Population Total: | 134534 |
| Population As Of: | 2011 |
| Population Est: | 156917 |
| Pop Est As Of: | 2022 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Blank Name: | Canton code |
| Blank Info: | 119 |
Pérez Zeledón is the nineteenth canton of the province of San José in Costa Rica, located in the Brunca region.[1] [2] The capital city of the canton is San Isidro de El General.
The canton's boundaries are established by the Río Savegre on the northwest, the Río Guabo and a series of coastal mountain ranges on the southwest and south, and the peaks of the highest mountains of the Cordillera de Talamanca (Talamanca Mountain Range) on the east. In the middle of the canton, the Río General, from which the canton's capital city takes its name, runs north to south.
Pérez Zeledón was created on 9 October 1931 by decree 31. Originally with four initial districts: Ureña, El General, Daniel Flores, and Rivas, with Ureña being the capital.[3]
Near the end of the 19th century, between 1870 and 1899, there were quite a few families living in El General valley. The hamlets (Spanish: Caseríos) of El General, Palmares, Rivas, and Ureña were further populated from 1900 onward.
The Caserío area of Ureña grew significantly, and by 1911, during Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno's administration, the Refuges of Ojo de Agua, El Cerro de la Muerte, and División were established. These refuges would further advance the growth of the region known today as Pérez Zeledón and El General Valley.
San Isidro de El General, Pérez Zeledón's capital, was awarded the recognition of Ciudad Mártir, regarding the civil war of 1948, as established by Decree Nº274.[4] This decree established official legal recognition of the city's participation in the civil war of 1948. A section of the decree states (in Spanish):
la Junta Fundadora de la Segunda República, apreciando el noble esfuerzo y la valiosa contribución de San Isidro de El General, se siente obligada a hacer un público y oficial reconocimiento de tan loable conducta para que de ninguna manera quede ella relegada al olvido, sino que constantemente sea exaltada como merecen los grandes hechos dignos de vida eterna en los fastos nacionales.
In English this would loosely translate into:
The Founding Junta of the Second Republic, appreciating the noble effort and valuable contribution of San Isidro de El General, feels compelled to make a public and official recognition of such praiseworthy conduct that by no means be it relegated to oblivion, but rather constantly be exalted as great deeds merit worth of eternal life in the national splendor.
Pérez Zeledón was also the location of significant battles during the Costa Rican Civil War. The most notable battle was the Battle of San Isidro de El General. This battle was carried out at around 6:30 a.m. when 200 government forces engaged the revolutionaries at the city's central plaza. The battle was won by José Figueres Ferrer and his revolutionary forces, which secured the southern pacific region of Costa Rica in rebel hands.[5]
Pérez Zeledón has an area of [6] and a mean elevation of .[1]
According to Costa Rica's Municipal Code, mayors are elected every four years by the population of the canton.[7] As of the latest municipal elections in 2024, the Social Christian Unity Party candidate, Emmanuel Ceciliano Alfaro, was elected mayor of the canton with 28.99% of the votes, with Rosibel Ramos Madrigal and Mario Esteban Saenz Mena as first and second vice mayors, respectively.[8]
| 2002–2006 | Rosibel Ramos Madrigal | PUSC |
| 2006–2010 | ||
| 2010–2016 | Luis Mendieta Escudero | PLN |
| 2016–2020 | Jeffry Montoya Rodríguez | PUSC |
| 2020–2024 | ||
| 2024–2028 | Emmanuel Ceciliano Alfaro |
Like the mayor and vice mayors, members of the Municipal Council (called Spanish; Castilian: regidores) are elected every four years. Pérez Zeledón's Municipal Council has 9 seats for regidores and their substitutes, who can participate in meetings but not vote unless the owning regidor is absent.[7] The current president of the Municipal Council is the Broad Front member, Andrea Herrera Chaves, with the National Liberation Party regidor, Edgar Mena Rodríguez, as vice president.[10] The Municipal Council's composition for the 2024–2028 period is as follows:
| Political parties in the Municipal Council of Pérez Zeledón | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Political party | Regidores | |||||
| № | Owner | Substitute | ||||
| Social Christian Unity Party (PUSC) | 3 | Runny Monge Zúñiga | Andrés Vega Solís | |||
| Anaís Barrantes Mora | María Alejandra Arias Calvo | |||||
| Carlos Zúñiga Montero | Carlos Andrés Mora Navarro | |||||
| Our Town Party (PNP) | 3 | Marvin Arias Retana | Álvaro Navarro Navarro | |||
| Milena Elizondo Segura | Dignora Alvarado Roquett[12] | |||||
| Wilber Ureña Bonilla[13] | José Francisco Calderón Fernández | |||||
| National Liberation Party (PLN) | 1 | Edgar Mena Rodríguez(VP) | Henry Alberto Mora Espinoza | |||
| Broad Front (FA) | 1 | Andrea Herrera Chaves(P) | Luz María Godínez Méndez | |||
| Social Democratic Progress Party (PSD) | 1 | María Josefa Fallas Ureña | Weslyn Dahianna Mena Ríos | |||
The canton of Pérez Zeledón is subdivided into the following districts:
Pérez Zeledón had an estimated population of people in 2022,[14] up from the inhabitants it had at the time of the 2011 census.[15]
According to a publication by the United Nations Development Programme, Pérez Zeledón had a Human Development Index of 0.746.[16]
The canton of Pérez Zeledón's economic development has been characterized mostly by agriculture, livestock, trade, industry and tourism. One factor that has driven this economic development is the canton's unique geographic positioning; making it a sort of 'bridge' between Costa Rica's capital (San José) and the southern areas of the country, especially those that border Panamá.
Important agricultural activities:
The first two products are the most important in the region.
Livestock activities are also economically relevant, with pigs and cattle being the most important. The latter is used for fattening and dairy.
Commercial activities have emerged with boom in recent decades, largely due to the establishment of credit unions, banks, local companies, media, and various other companies of the central valley (San José) setting operations in the canton.
The area's main attraction is its ecological diversity. Tourist sites in the area include the Chirripó National Park - one of the highest peaks in Central America and the Caribbean, with an elevation of 3,820 meters above sea level.
Among other attractions are the journeys along the rapids.
Another park of prominence in the area is the Parque Internacional La Amistad, literally 'The Friendship International Park'.
The first elementary school in Pérez Zeledón was established during Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra's government (1902-1906). It was called Escuela Mixta de Ureña and was located in the Ureña district, south of San Isidro de El General's central park. After the Costa Rican Civil War the school was moved to a new building located 100 meters past San Isidro de El General's main entrance. It currently serves under the name "Escuela 12 de Marzo", in honour of the start of the Costa Rican Civil War (which had just ended when the school was re-inaugurated at its current location).[17]
The canton is covered by the following road routes: