Permocupedidae Explained

Permocupedidae is a family of Protocoleopteran stem group beetles. They first appeared during the Early Permian, and were one of the dominant groups of beetles during the Middle Permian. They became rare in the Late Permian, with only one species known from the Triassic, Frankencupes ultimus from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Röt Formation of Germany.[1] They are thought to have been xylophagous (wood eating), which is presumed to be the ancestral ecology of beetles.[2]

Taxonomy

Kirejtshuk (2020) included the following genera in an expanded (sensu lato) family, with the traditional (sensu stricto) Permocupedidae and related Taldycupedidae as subfamilies Permocupedinae and Taldycupedinae respectively.[3] However, other studies have recovered Talycupedidae as more closely related to crown-group beetles than to Permocupedidae.[4]

Notes and References

  1. Ponomarenko. Alexandr G.. Bashkuev. Alexei S.. December 2018. First Triassic record of the beetle family Permocupedidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): a peculiar example of a Lazarus taxon. PalZ. en. 92. 4. 587–591. 10.1007/s12542-018-0426-4. 2018PalZ...92..587P . 133665417 . 0031-0220.
  2. Zhao. Xianye. Yu. Yilun. Clapham. Matthew E. Yan. Evgeny. Chen. Jun. Jarzembowski. Edmund A. Zhao. Xiangdong. Wang. Bo. 2021-11-08. Perry. George H. Fikacek. Martin. Early evolution of beetles regulated by the end-Permian deforestation. eLife. 10. e72692. 10.7554/eLife.72692. 34747694 . 8585485 . 2050-084X. free.
  3. Kirejtshuk. Alexander G.. 2020-02-17. Taxonomic Review of Fossil Coleopterous Families (Insecta, Coleoptera). Suborder Archostemata: Superfamilies Coleopseoidea and Cupedoidea. Geosciences. 10. 2. 73. 2020Geosc..10...73K. 10.3390/geosciences10020073. 2076-3263. free.
  4. Boudinot . Brendon Elias . Yan . Evgeny Viktorovich . Prokop . Jakub . Luo . Xiao-Zhu . Beutel . Rolf Georg . 2022-07-28 . Permian parallelisms: Reanalysis of †Tshekardocoleidae sheds light on the earliest evolution of the Coleoptera . Systematic Entomology . 48 . en . 69–96 . 10.1111/syen.12562 . 251171914 . 0307-6970. free .
  5. A. G.. Ponomarenko. E. V.. Yan. Di-ying. Huang. 2014. New beetles (Coleoptera) from the terminal Middle Permian of China. Paleontological Journal. 48. 2. 191–200. 10.1134/S0031030114010109. 2014PalJ...48..191P .
  6. Pinto. I.D.. 1987. Permian Insects from Paraná Basin, South Brazil, IV Coleoptera. Pesquisas. 19. 19 . 5–12. 10.22456/1807-9806.21678. free.