REL explained
The proto-oncogene c-Rel is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REL gene.[1] The c-Rel protein is a member of the NF-κB family of transcription factors and contains a Rel homology domain (RHD) at its N-terminus and two C-terminal transactivation domains. c-Rel is a myeloid checkpoint protein that can be targeted for treating cancer.[2] c-Rel has an important role in B-cell survival and proliferation. The REL gene is amplified or mutated in several human B-cell lymphomas, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma.[3]
Further reading
- Rayet B, Gélinas C . Aberrant rel/nfkb genes and activity in human cancer. . Oncogene . 18 . 49 . 6938–47 . 2000 . 10602468 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1203221 . free .
- Kunsch C, Ruben SM, Rosen CA . Selection of optimal kappa B/Rel DNA-binding motifs: interaction of both subunits of NF-kappa B with DNA is required for transcriptional activation. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 12 . 10 . 4412–21 . 1992 . 1406630 . 10.1128/mcb.12.10.4412. 360365 .
- Neumann M, Tsapos K, Scheppler JA, etal . Identification of complex formation between two intracellular tyrosine kinase substrates: human c-Rel and the p105 precursor of p50 NF-kappa B. . Oncogene . 7 . 11 . 2095–104 . 1992 . 1437141 .
- Kochel T, Rice NR . v-rel- and c-rel-protein complexes bind to the NF-kappa B site in vitro. . Oncogene . 7 . 3 . 567–72 . 1992 . 1549370 .
- Kumar S, Rabson AB, Gélinas C . The RxxRxRxxC motif conserved in all Rel/kappa B proteins is essential for the DNA-binding activity and redox regulation of the v-Rel oncoprotein. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 12 . 7 . 3094–106 . 1992 . 1620118 . 10.1128/mcb.12.7.3094. 364524 .
- Lu D, Thompson JD, Gorski GK, etal . Alterations at the rel locus in human lymphoma. . Oncogene . 6 . 7 . 1235–41 . 1991 . 1650444 .
- Muchardt C, Seeler JS, Nirula A, etal . Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus enhancer function by PRDII-BF1 and c-rel gene products. . J. Virol. . 66 . 1 . 244–50 . 1992 . 1727488 . 10.1128/JVI.66.1.244-250.1992. 238281 .
- Hansen SK, Nerlov C, Zabel U, etal . A novel complex between the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B and c-Rel binds to a DNA element involved in the phorbol ester induction of the human urokinase gene. . EMBO J. . 11 . 1 . 205–13 . 1992 . 1740106 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05043.x. 556441 .
- Davis N, Ghosh S, Simmons DL, etal . Rel-associated pp40: an inhibitor of the rel family of transcription factors. . Science . 253 . 5025 . 1268–71 . 1991 . 1891714 . 10.1126/science.1891714 . 1991Sci...253.1268D .
- Lim MY, Davis N, Zhang JY, Bose HR . The v-rel oncogene product is complexed with cellular proteins including its proto-oncogene product and heat shock protein 70. . Virology . 175 . 1 . 149–60 . 1990 . 2155506 . 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90195-W .
- Brownell E, Mittereder N, Rice NR . A human rel proto-oncogene cDNA containing an Alu fragment as a potential coding exon. . Oncogene . 4 . 7 . 935–42 . 1989 . 2666912 .
- Brownell E, O'Brien SJ, Nash WG, Rice N . Genetic characterization of human c-rel sequences. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 5 . 10 . 2826–31 . 1986 . 3016517 . 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2826. 367021 .
- Brownell E, Kozak CA, Fowle JR, etal . Comparative genetic mapping of cellular rel sequences in man, mouse, and the domestic cat. . Am. J. Hum. Genet. . 39 . 2 . 194–202 . 1986 . 3529946 . 1683919 .
- John S, Reeves RB, Lin JX, etal . Regulation of cell-type-specific interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain gene expression: potential role of physical interactions between Elf-1, HMG-I(Y), and NF-kappa B family proteins. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 15 . 3 . 1786–96 . 1995 . 7862168 . 10.1128/mcb.15.3.1786. 230403 .
- Xu X, Gélinas C . The v-Rel oncoprotein complexes with new Rel- and RelA-related proteins in transformed cells. . Virology . 207 . 2 . 362–8 . 1995 . 7886940 . 10.1006/viro.1995.1095 . free .
- Mackman N . Protease inhibitors block lipopolysaccharide induction of tissue factor gene expression in human monocytic cells by preventing activation of c-Rel/p65 heterodimers. . J. Biol. Chem. . 269 . 42 . 26363–7 . 1994 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47202-X . 7929355 . free .
- Sif S, Gilmore TD . Interaction of the v-Rel oncoprotein with cellular transcription factor Sp1. . J. Virol. . 68 . 11 . 7131–8 . 1994 . 7933095 . 10.1128/JVI.68.11.7131-7138.1994. 237152 .
- Hansen SK, Baeuerle PA, Blasi F . Purification, reconstitution, and I kappa B association of the c-Rel-p65 (RelA) complex, a strong activator of transcription. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 14 . 4 . 2593–603 . 1994 . 8139561 . 10.1128/mcb.14.4.2593. 358627 .
- Beg AA, Baldwin AS . Activation of multiple NF-kappa B/Rel DNA-binding complexes by tumor necrosis factor. . Oncogene . 9 . 5 . 1487–92 . 1994 . 8152812 .
Notes and References
- Ruben SM, Klement JF, Coleman TA, Maher M, Chen CH, Rosen CA . I-Rel: a novel rel-related protein that inhibits NF-kappa B transcriptional activity . Genes Dev . 6 . 5 . 745–60 . Jun 1992 . 1577270 . 10.1101/gad.6.5.745 . free .
- Li T, Li X, Chen YH . c-Rel is a myeloid checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy . Nature Cancer . 1 . 507–517 . May 2020 . 5 . 33458695 . 7808269 . 10.1038/s43018-020-0061-3 . free .
- Gilmore TD, Kalaitzidis D, Liang MC, Starczynowski DT . The c-Rel transcription factor and B-cell proliferation: a deal with the devil . Oncogene . 23 . 13 . 2275–86 . March 2004 . 14755244 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1207410 . free .