Romania played in the first eight editions of the Rugby World Cup including the inaugural tournament in 1987. They originally qualified for the ninth edition of the Rugby World Cup to be played in 2019. In 2018, after it was discovered that Romania were one of three countries guilty of fielding ineligible players in multiple qualifiers, they received a points deduction. The points deduction meant Romania did not qualify for the 2019 Rugby World Cup.
| Year | Round | Squad | Head coach | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
  1987 | Pool stage | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 61 | 130 | Squad | M. Naca | Automatically qualified | ||||||
 1991 | Pool stage | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 31 | 64 | Squad | P. Ianusevici | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 85 | 42 | |
| 1995 | Pool stage | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 14 | 97 | Squad | M. Paraschiv | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 105 | 46 | |
| 1999 | Pool stage | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 50 | 126 | Squad | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 300 | 127 | ||
| 2003 | Pool stage | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 65 | 192 | Squad | B. Charreyre | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 84 | 31 | |
| 2007 | Pool stage | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 40 | 161 | Squad | D. Santamans | 12 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 452 | 122 | |
| 2011 | Pool stage | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 44 | 169 | Squad | R. Gontineac | 12 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 376 | 142 | |
| 2015 | Pool stage | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 60 | 129 | Squad | L. Howells | 10 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 242 | 106 | |
 2019 | Expelled from competing at tournament after qualification | 8 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 296 | 106 | |||||||||
| 2023 | Pool stage | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 32 | 287 | Squad | E. Apjok | 10 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 289 | 232 | |
| Total | — | 32 | 6 | 0 | 26 | 397 | 1,355 | — | — | 67 | 47 | 2 | 18 | 2229 | 954 | |
See also: 1987 Rugby World Cup. ------------
See also: 1991 Rugby World Cup.
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See also: 1995 Rugby World Cup.
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See also: 1999 Rugby World Cup.
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See also: 2003 Rugby World Cup.
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See main article: 2007 Rugby World Cup and 2007 Rugby World Cup Pool C. ------------
See also: 2011 Rugby World Cup and 2011 Rugby World Cup Pool B.
| width=15% | width=25% | width=10% | width=25% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 September 2011 | 34–24 | Rugby Park Stadium, Invercargill | |||||
| 17 September 2011 | 43–8 | Rugby Park Stadium, Invercargill | |||||
| 24 September 2011 | 67–3 | Forsyth Barr Stadium, Dunedin | |||||
| 28 September 2011 | 25–9 | Arena Manawatu, Palmerston North |
See also: 2015 Rugby World Cup and 2015 Rugby World Cup Pool D.
| width=15% | width=25% | width=10% | width=25% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 September 2015 | 38–11 | Olympic Stadium, London | |||||
| 27 September 2015 | 44–10 | Wembley Stadium, London | |||||
| 6 October 2015 | 15–17 | Leicester City Stadium, Leicester | |||||
| 11 October 2015 | 32–22 | Sandy Park, Exeter |
See also: 2023 Rugby World Cup and 2023 Rugby World Cup Pool B.