Rough Fire Explained

Rough Fire
Injuries:12
Fatalities:0
Area:151623acres
Cause:Lightning strike
Buildings:4
Image Map Caption:The footprint of the Rough Fire, which largely remained in the Sierra National Forest and Sequoia National Forest
Pushpin Map:USA California
Pushpin Map Caption:The general location of the fire in Central California
Image Map Alt:The footprint of the Rough Fire in Fresno County largely lay within Sierra and Sequoia National Forests, but extended partly into Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks
Pushpin Map Alt:The fire burned in the Sierra Nevada, Fresno County, in Central California
Evacuated:>2,500

The Rough Fire was a major wildfire in Fresno County, California, and the largest of the 2015 California wildfire season. The fire was ignited by a lightning strike on July 31 and burned 1516230NaN0, largely in the Sierra National Forest and the Sequoia National Forest, before it was declared contained on November 6, 2015.[1] [2] At the time it occurred, the fire was the thirteenth largest in recorded California history.

The Rough Fire destroyed four structures and caused zero fatalities. Twelve injuries were recorded among the firefighters that responded to the incident, who numbered more than 3,700 at peak staffing in mid-September. The effort to contain the fire cost an estimated $120 million.

Background

A severe and multi-year drought worsened wildfire risk in California in 2015.[3] The drought and ensuing bark beetle predation on weakened trees contributed to the accumulation of over ten million dead trees in the southern Sierra Nevada by the time of the fire.[4] In addition to these factors, there was little prior fire history—natural or intentional burns—in the area, in some cases extending back 150 years.[5]

Progression

July 31–August 31

The Rough Fire was begun by a lightning strike in the evening hours of Friday, July 31, 2015. The location of the fire's ignition was in the southern Sierra National Forest, partway up Deer Ridge between Rough Creek and Deer Creek in the upper drainage of the Kings River. It was first detected by the Buck Rock fire lookout in Sequoia National Forest to the south, and the location of the fire was triangulated with the help of several other lookouts. Lightning touched off several other fires in the region that night, but all were quickly contained.[6]

The Rough Fire—dubbed as such for its initial proximity to Rough Creek,[7] in typical wildfire naming fashion[8] —owed its survival to its rugged and remote location; there were no roads or trails that ground crews could use to access the fire. The section of the Kings Canyon drainage in question contained slopes of eighty to ninety degrees, too steep for ground crews to work safely in. Forest Service experts considered the chances of quelling the fire with air power alone impracticable.[9]

By August 6, a week after ignition, authorities reported the fire as having burned 500acres with no containment. By Tuesday, August 11, it had grown to more than 5000acres.[10]

September 1–31

On September 2, over 2,500 people were safely evacuated from Hume Lake Christian Camps and surrounding area. All camp events were cancelled and only security personnel remained.[11] [12]

On September 5, the fire reached Kings Canyon National Park as it crossed the 85800acres mark.[13]

On September 7, a severely burned firefighter was airlifted to the Community Regional Medical Center in Fresno.[14]

On September 10, officials at Kings Canyon National Park began evacuating all visitors and employees from the Wilsonia and General Grant Grove areas. A mandatory evacuation order was issued for Dunlap, effective September 11.

On September 14, moisture and lower temperatures associated with the remnants of Hurricane Linda arrived in the southern Sierra. Light rain fell in Sierra/Sequoia National Forests and Kings Canyon, allowing firefighters to access the fire directly instead of preparing control lines at a distance.[15]

On September 15, as the fire slowed and with favorable weather conditions, evacuation orders and warnings in Dunlap and Squaw Valley were lifted.[16] By that time, 3,742 firefighters, 345 engines, 19 helicopters and 45 bulldozers had been deployed.[17]

October 1 onwards

The Rough Fire was declared 100 percent contained on November 6, and then declared controlled sometime later in the month. The total cost of the firefighting effort was estimated by the National Interagency Coordination Center at $120.93 million.[18]

The fire was, at the time it occurred, the thirteenth largest in recorded California history and the largest in the history of Fresno County. It no longer numbers among even the twenty largest fires in the state.[19]

Effects

The Rough Fire destroyed four structures. One of these was the Kings Canyon Lodge off Highway 180 in Kings Canyon National Park.[20]

More than one hundred giant sequoia trees died in the Rough Fire.[21]

The total number of evacuees reached more than 2,500 on August 20, following the fire's leap across the Kings River and Highway 180.[22]

On September 11, Fresno health officials reported an unprecedented increase in hospital emergency department visits due to respiratory problems, and urged residents to avoid outdoor activities when the air is smoky.[23]

Area by ownership

, the total burned area breaks down into:[2]

OwnerAcresKm
Sequoia National Forest825731NaN1
Sierra National Forest585411NaN1
Kings Canyon National Park94131NaN1
Private lands10901NaN1
State lands61NaN1
Total1516231NaN1

Growth and containment

Fire containment statusGray

contained;

Red: active; %: percent contained;!Date!Total area burned!Personnel!Containment
Jul 31.........
Aug 1.........
Aug 2[24] 260NaN0...
Aug 3650NaN0...
Aug 4.........
Aug 54500NaN0...
Aug 6[25] 5000NaN0274 personnel
Aug 79750NaN0...
Aug 8[26] 12000NaN0321 personnel
Aug 937700NaN0...
Aug 1052170NaN0...
Aug 1168150NaN0...
Aug 1299180NaN0...
Aug 13.........
Aug 14132670NaN0...
Aug 15.........
Aug 16162580NaN0...
Aug 17[27] 209780NaN01,064 personnel
Aug 18[28] 236000NaN01,098 personnel
Aug 19[29] 309010NaN01,141 personnel
Aug 20[30] 324140NaN01,501 personnel
Aug 21[31] 394000NaN01,605 personnel
Aug 22[32] 470790NaN01,484 personnel
Aug 23[33] 473960NaN02,275 personnel
Aug 24[34] 494400NaN02,126 personnel
Aug 25[35] 517940NaN01,984 personnel
Aug 26[36] 559000NaN02,152 personnel
Aug 27[37] 559890NaN02,051 personnel
Aug 28[38] 602380NaN02,033 personnel
Aug 29[39] 613160NaN02,068 personnel
Aug 30[40] 665420NaN02,121 personnel
Aug 31[41] 723000NaN02,121 personnel
Sep 1[42] 772870NaN02,121 personnel
Sep 2[43] 799730NaN01,901 personnel
Sep 3[44] 815490NaN01,901 personnel
Sep 4[45] 834640NaN01,902 personnel
Sep 5[46] 858940NaN02,038 personnel
Sep 6[47] 858940NaN01,967 personnel
Sep 7[48] 951830NaN01,940 personnel
Sep 8[49] 978840NaN01,960 personnel
Sep 9[50] 1032440NaN01,900 personnel
Sep 10[51] 1101340NaN01,900 personnel
Sep 11[52] 1190690NaN02,229 personnel
Sep 12[53] 1287960NaN02,570 personnel
Sep 13[54] 1298770NaN02,961 personnel
Sep 14[55] 1380530NaN03,073 personnel
Sep 15[56] 1391330NaN03,741 personnel
Sep 16[57] 1407600NaN03,742 personnel
Sep 17[58] 1410360NaN02,267 personnel
Sep 18[59] 1412010NaN01,411 personnel
Sep 19[60] 1414910NaN01,493 personnel
Sep 20[61] 1415990NaN01,381 personnel
Sep 21[62] 1419500NaN01,495 personnel
Sep 22[63] 1426290NaN01,510 personnel
Sep 23[64] 1435590NaN01,334 personnel
Sep 24[65] 1435590NaN01,070 personnel
Sep 25[66] 1435590NaN0935 personnel
Sep 26[67] 1508760NaN0787 personnel
Sep 27[68] 1508760NaN0654 personnel
Sep 28[69] 1514930NaN0651 personnel
Sep 29.........
Sep 30[70] 1516230NaN0344 personnel
............
Nov 6[71] 1516230NaN0...

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Rough Fire . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230929193303/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2015/7/31/rough-fire . September 29, 2023 . February 12, 2024 . www.fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  2. Web site: Rough Fire. InciWeb. October 3, 2015. September 16, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150916054508/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4456. dead.
  3. News: Grossi . Mark . September 19, 2015 . Next drought nightmare: The fire that wouldn’t die . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190605131224/https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article35770278.html . June 5, 2019 . February 12, 2024 . The Fresno Bee.
  4. News: Rocha . Veronica . September 10, 2015 . Hundreds evacuate Kings Canyon National Park as massive fire swells . https://web.archive.org/web/20240118223215/https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-rough-fire-grows-20150910-story.html . January 18, 2024 . February 12, 2024 . Los Angeles Times.
  5. News: Appleton . Rory . August 19, 2015 . Thousands forced out as Rough fire surges to 31,000 acres . https://web.archive.org/web/20171008215408/http://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article31532342.html . October 8, 2017 . February 13, 2024 . The Fresno Bee.
  6. Life On Top Of Buck Rock, Watching The Rough Fire Rage . . . Moore . Joe . September 29, 2015 . 2:50 . February 12, 2024 . Romero . Ezra David . https://web.archive.org/web/20240212180307/https://www.kvpr.org/valley-edition/2015-09-29/life-on-top-of-buck-rock-watching-the-rough-fire-rage . February 12, 2024 . live.
  7. Web site: Vignettes of the 2015 Rough Fire . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240207185859/https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/nature/upload/Rough_Fire_Vignettes-accessible-508.pdf . February 7, 2024 . February 12, 2024 . www.nps.gov . Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks .
  8. News: Cowan . Jill . Stevens . Matt . 2021-08-06 . How do wildfires get their names? . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220317160033/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/06/us/wildfire-names.html . 2022-03-17 . 2022-03-17 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
  9. News: Castellon . David . August 21, 2015 . Rough Fire grows with no signs of slowing . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221202160434/https://www.visaliatimesdelta.com/story/news/local/2015/08/21/rough-fire-grows-signs-slowing/32155237/ . December 2, 2022 . February 12, 2024 . Visalia Times-Delta.
  10. News: August 11, 2015 . Rough fire scorches 5,000 acres near Kings Canyon . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150815011932/https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article30806775.html . August 15, 2015 . February 12, 2024 . The Fresno Bee.
  11. Web site: Forest fire continues to spread. Porterville Recorder. September 2015 . 2015-10-31.
  12. Web site: Rough fire focus of community meeting in Dunlap. fresnobee. 2015-10-31.
  13. News: September 5, 2015 . Rough fire reaches Kings Canyon National Park . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201120205924/https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article34178829.html . November 20, 2020 . February 13, 2024 . . The Fresno Bee.
  14. News: Rough Fire forces new evacuations, firefighter injured. September 10, 2015. KSBY. September 8, 2015.
  15. News: Lee . Bonhia . September 14, 2015 . Cooler, showery weather helps firefighters battling Rough fire . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160102024512/http://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article35196996.html . January 2, 2016 . February 13, 2024 . The Fresno Bee.
  16. Web site: Evacuation Orders and Warnings Lifted. InciWeb. 15 September 2015.
  17. Web site: Rough Fire Update AM September 15, 2015. InciWeb. 15 September 2015.
  18. Wildland Fire Summary and Statistics Annual Report 2015 . 2015 . National Interagency Coordination Center . February 12, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240212161219/https://www.nifc.gov/sites/default/files/NICC/2-Predictive%20Services/Intelligence/Annual%20Reports/2015/annual_report_2015_508.pdf . February 12, 2024 . www.nifc.gov . live.
  19. Web site: October 24, 2022 . Top 20 Largest California Wildfires . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230629195954/https://34c031f8-c9fd-4018-8c5a-4159cdff6b0d-cdn-endpoint.azureedge.net/-/media/calfire-website/our-impact/fire-statistics/featured-items/top20_acres.pdf?hash=A355A978818640DFACE7993C432ABF81&rev=be2a6ff85932475e99d70fa9458dca79 . June 29, 2023 . February 12, 2024 . fire.ca.gov . California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire).
  20. News: Appleton . Rory . August 21, 2015 . Rough fire destroys Kings Canyon Lodge; acreage nearly 42,000 acres . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150822142226/http://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article31737783.html . August 22, 2015 . February 13, 2024 . The Fresno Bee.
  21. News: Wigglesworth . Alex . June 5, 2021 . As wildfires decimate the giant sequoia, California faces unprecedented loss . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240113013413/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-06-05/california-wildfires-are-decimating-the-giant-sequoia . January 13, 2024 . February 12, 2024 . Los Angeles Times.
  22. News: Rocha . Veronica . August 20, 2015 . Rough fire burns 32,000 acres of Sierra forest in march toward Hume Lake . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201108094819/https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-rough-fire-20150820-story.html . November 8, 2020 . February 12, 2024 . Los Angeles Times.
  23. News: Aliferis . Lisa . September 11, 2015 . In Fresno, 'Unprecedented Increase' in ER Visits Due to Rough Fire . September 13, 2015 . . San Francisco.
  24. Web site: September 13, 2015 . Progression: Rough Fire, CA-SNF-1746, 09/13/2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170601065153/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150814-114934-0.jpeg . June 1, 2017 . InciWeb . California Interagency Incident Management Team 4.
  25. News: Clugston . Gina . August 6, 2015 . Rough Fire Burns In Nearly Inaccessible Terrain Near Kings River . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210512011155/https://sierranewsonline.com/rough-fire-burns-in-nearly-inaccessible-terrain-near-kings-river/ . May 12, 2021 . February 8, 2024 . Sierra News Online.
  26. News: Clugston . Gina . August 8, 2015 . Rough Fire Doubles In Size . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210512174129/https://sierranewsonline.com/rough-fire-doubles-in-size/ . May 12, 2021 . February 8, 2024 . Sierra News Online.
  27. Web site: August 17, 2015 . Rough Fire: August 17, 2015, 10:00am . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170202235756/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150717-130754-0.pdf . February 2, 2017 . InciWeb.
  28. Web site: August 18, 2015 . Rough Fire: August 18, 2015, 3:30pm . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150824175512/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov:80/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150718-174958-0.pdf . August 24, 2015 . InciWeb.
  29. Web site: August 19, 2015 . Rough Fire: August 19, 2015, 9:30am . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150824175516/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov:80/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150719-115619-0.pdf . August 24, 2015 . InciWeb.
  30. News: Clugston . Gina . August 20, 2015 . Rough Fire Grows, Smoke Blankets Central Sierra . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210508094450/https://sierranewsonline.com/rough-fire-grows-2000-acres-overnight-smoke-blankets-central-sierra/ . May 8, 2021 . February 8, 2024 . Sierra News Online.
  31. Web site: August 21, 2015 . Rough Fire: August 21, 2015, 9:00am . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150830043347/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov:80/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150721-130721-0.pdf . August 30, 2015 . InciWeb.
  32. Web site: August 22, 2015 . Rough Fire: August 22, 2015, 9:00am . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170202235846/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150722-114501-0.pdf . February 2, 2017 . InciWeb.
  33. Web site: August 23, 2015 . Rough Fire: August 23, 2015, Morning . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150911050359/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150723-105459-0.pdf . September 11, 2015 . InciWeb.
  34. Web site: August 24, 2015 . Rough Fire: August 24, 2015, Morning . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150829235408/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov:80/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150724-101242-0.pdf . August 29, 2015 . InciWeb.
  35. Web site: August 25, 2015 . Rough Fire: August 25, 2015, Morning . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150906044157/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov:80/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150725-111950-0.pdf . September 6, 2015 . InciWeb.
  36. Web site: August 26, 2015 . Rough Fire: August 26, 2015, Morning . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150909031700/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov:80/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150726-105047-0.pdf . September 9, 2015 . InciWeb.
  37. Web site: August 27, 2015 . Rough Fire: August 27, 2015, Morning . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150906020737/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov:80/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150727-110055-0.pdf . September 6, 2015 . InciWeb.
  38. Web site: August 28, 2015 . Rough Fire: August 28, 2015, Morning . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170601060803/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150728-103342-0.pdf . June 1, 2017 . InciWeb.
  39. Web site: August 29, 2015 . Rough Fire: August 29, 2015, Morning . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150908105857/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov:80/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150729-104248-0.pdf . September 8, 2015 . InciWeb.
  40. Web site: August 30, 2015 . Rough Fire: August 30, 2015, morning . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150906034737/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov:80/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150730-110043-0.pdf . September 6, 2015 . InciWeb.
  41. Web site: August 31, 2015 . Rough Fire: August 31, 2015, Morning . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150909032557/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov:80/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150731-115029-0.pdf . September 9, 2015 . InciWeb.
  42. Web site: September 1, 2015 . Rough Fire: September 1, 2015, Morning . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170203001752/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150801-100347-0.pdf . February 3, 2017 . InciWeb.
  43. Web site: September 2, 2015 . Rough Fire: September 2, 2015, Evening . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170203002129/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150802-223603-0.pdf . February 3, 2017 . InciWeb.
  44. Web site: September 3, 2015 . Rough Fire: September 3, 2015, Morning . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150908080059/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov:80/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150803-113753-0.pdf . September 8, 2015 . InciWeb.
  45. Web site: September 4, 2015 . Rough Fire: September 4, 2015, Morning . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150905144840/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150804-131146-0.pdf . September 5, 2015 . InciWeb.
  46. Web site: September 5, 2015 . Rough Fire: September 5, 2015, 9:00 a.m. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170203002202/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150805-134853-0.pdf . February 3, 2017 . InciWeb.
  47. Web site: September 6, 2015 . Rough Fire: September 6, 2015, 9:00 a.m. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170217053338/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150806-103138-0.pdf . February 17, 2017 . InciWeb.
  48. Web site: September 7, 2015 . Rough Fire: September 7, 2015, 9:00 a.m. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170131151908/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150807-104313-0.pdf . January 31, 2017 . InciWeb.
  49. Web site: September 8, 2015 . Rough Fire: September 8, 2015, 9:00 a.m. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150921175705/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov:80/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150808-125541-0.pdf . September 21, 2015 . InciWeb.
  50. Web site: September 9, 2015 . Rough Fire: September 9, 2015, 9:00 a.m. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150921163047/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov:80/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150809-105803-0.pdf . September 21, 2015 . InciWeb.
  51. Web site: September 10, 2015 . Rough Fire: September 10, 2015, 9:00 a.m. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150921232401/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov:80/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150810-140709-0.pdf . September 21, 2015 . InciWeb.
  52. Web site: September 11, 2015 . Rough Fire: September 11, 2015, 8:00 a.m. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170131152255/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150811-103527-0.pdf . January 31, 2017 . InciWeb.
  53. Web site: September 12, 2015 . Rough Fire: September 12, 2015, 9:00 a.m. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150921165254/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov:80/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150812-135416-0.pdf . September 21, 2015 . InciWeb.
  54. Web site: September 13, 2015 . Rough Fire: September 13, 2015, 9:00 a.m. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150921165309/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov:80/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150813-121856-0.pdf . September 21, 2015 . InciWeb.
  55. Web site: September 14, 2015 . Rough Fire: September 14, 2015, 8:00 a.m. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150921163357/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov:80/photos/CASNF/2015-08-05-1720-Rough-Fire/related_files/pict20150814-115141-0.pdf . September 21, 2015 . InciWeb.
  56. Web site: September 15, 2015 . Rough Fire Update AM September 15, 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150918023222/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4456/29831 . September 18, 2015 . InciWeb.
  57. News: September 16, 2015 . Rough Fire evacuees return home . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240208193440/https://abc30.com/rough-fire-evacuees-return-home-dunlap-meramonte/987005/ . February 8, 2024 . February 8, 2024 . KFSN.
  58. Web site: September 17, 2015 . Rough Fire AM Update September 17, 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150919215118/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4456/29946/ . September 19, 2015 . InciWeb.
  59. News: Clugston . Gina . September 18, 2015 . Areas Near Rough Fire To Reopen . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210508033400/https://sierranewsonline.com/areas-near-rough-fire-to-reopen/ . May 8, 2021 . February 8, 2024 . Sierra News Online.
  60. Web site: September 19, 2015 . Rough Fire AM Update 9-19-15 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150920204547/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4456/30021/ . September 20, 2015 . InciWeb.
  61. Web site: September 20, 2015 . Rough Fire AM Update 9-20-15 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150923011240/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4456/30048/ . September 23, 2015 . InciWeb.
  62. Web site: September 21, 2015 . Rough Fire AM Update 9-21-15 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924000312/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4456/30073 . September 24, 2015 . InciWeb.
  63. Web site: September 22, 2015 . Rough Fire AM Update 9-22-15 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180341/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4456/30091/ . September 23, 2015 . InciWeb.
  64. Web site: September 23, 2015 . Rough Fire AM Update 9-23-15 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924214714/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4456/30115/ . September 24, 2015 . InciWeb.
  65. Web site: September 24, 2015 . Rough Fire AM Update 9-24-15 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150927101151/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4456/30124/ . September 27, 2015 . InciWeb.
  66. Web site: September 25, 2015 . Rough Fire AM Update 9-25-15 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150927161214/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4456/30134 . September 27, 2015 . InciWeb.
  67. Web site: September 26, 2015 . Rough Fire AM Update 9-26-15 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150929012036/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4456/30147 . September 29, 2015 . InciWeb.
  68. Web site: September 27, 2015 . 9-27-15 Rough Fire Update . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150930020135/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4456/30158 . September 30, 2015 . InciWeb.
  69. Web site: September 28, 2015 . 9-28-15 Rough Fire Update . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150930234450/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4456/30161 . September 30, 2015 . InciWeb.
  70. Web site: September 30, 2015 . 9-30-15 Rough Fire Update . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151006070444/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4456/30184/ . October 6, 2015 . InciWeb.
  71. Web site: 2015 Rough Fire Vignettes and Videos - Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks (U.S. National Park Service) . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231128042040/https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/nature/2015-rough-fire-vignettes-and-videos.htm . November 28, 2023 . February 7, 2024 . www.nps.gov.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Rough Fire".

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