Shen Jilan Explained

Office1:Delegate to the National People's Congress
Term Start1:15 September 1954
Term End1:28 June 2020
1Blankname1:Chairman
1Namedata1:Liu ShaoqiZhu DeSong Qingling (acting)→Ye JianyingPeng ZhenWan LiQiao ShiLi PengWu BangguoZhang DejiangLi Zhanshu
Office2:Vice Chairwoman of the Standing Committee of the Changzhi People's Congress
Term Start2:1983
Term End2:1993
Office3:Director of the Shanxi Women's Federation
Term Start3:1973
Term End3:1983
Shen Jilan
Native Name Lang:zh-hans
Birth Date:29 December 1929
Birth Place:Pingshun County, Shanxi, China
Death Place:Changzhi, Shanxi, China
Party:Chinese Communist Party
Occupation:Politician
Children:3
Parents:Song Jinshui (father)
Wu Quanxiang (mother)
Shen Hengtai (stepfather)
Awards:Order of the Republic (2019)
Module:
Child:yes
P:Shēn Jìlán
W:Shên1 Chi4-lan2

Shen Jilan (; 29 December 1929 – 28 June 2020) was a Chinese politician affiliated with the Chinese Communist Party and was a former farmer. She held numerous governance positions and was elected to the 1st National People's Congress in 1954, and went on to be re-elected for all subsequent sittings of the National People's Congress over the next 65 years, the only person with this distinction. This has led to some commentators calling her the world's longest-serving congresswoman.[1] [2] [3] [4]

Biography

Shen was born in Pingshun County, Shanxi, on 29 December 1929. Her father, Song Jinshui, died early. In 1934, her mother, Wu Quanxiang, remarried to Shen Hengtai, a doctor in Pingshun County.[5] Shen Jilan grew up in Pingshun County. In 1943, she responded to a call by Mao Zedong and the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party to establish party organisation in Xigou village alongside Li Shunda. Together with other farming families, she established a local agricultural labour mutual aid group and defence force. The success of this local cooperative allowed Shen to rise to prominence within the Party in the 1950s.[6]

In 1952, she was encouraged by higher powers in the Communist Party to widen the cooperative to cover 26 individual farms – the first production cooperative to be established in the People's Republic of China. On the establishment of this wider cooperative Jilan was elected deputy president. She established a working women's group to carry out agricultural work.[7]

In 1954, she proposed the addition of the equal pay for equal work clause in the first constitution of China to reduce the gender pay gap, and her proposal was adopted. She commented in a 2018 interview: "Men got 10 work points a day, but we only got a maximum of five points no matter how much work we did." To highlight the unfairness in this approach, she organised a manuring contest between the male and female workers, which the female workers won.[8]

In 1953, Shen joined the Chinese Communist Party and gained widespread media attention due to the success of the farming cooperative. She was elected to the 1st National People's Congress in 1954 as one of four female representatives from Shanxi province. Of the 1,226 deputies to attend the first congress, only 147 were women. She was the only person to have been elected to every session of the National People's Congress, having been returned to the 13th National People's Congress in 2018.

In 1973, Shen became director of the Shanxi Women's Federation, a position she held for ten years, before returning to her home village of Xigou in 1983. During this period, China was establishing a market economy and Shen established herself as an entrepreneur in the local economy. She helped establish a ferroalloy plant, walnut oil factory, and cannery in the local area. She was also an integral part of a reforestation plan in Xigou.

In 2008, she was chosen as an Olympic torch carrier as part of the buildup to the 2008 Summer Olympics. It was reported by local media that she donated 10,000 Chinese yuan to the 2008 Sichuan earthquake relief efforts. When her calls for widespread internet regulation in 2013 met with controversy, Shen suggested that she did not "follow the trends among the young", but argued that displaying different points of view are a benefit of the National People's Congress system. In 2019, she was awarded the highest order of honour in China, the Medal of the Republic.[9] [10] [11] There is a museum dedicated to Jilan's life in Xigou.[12]

She was considered a somewhat controversial figure by democracy activists given the fact she never voted against the party. These activists criticised her voting in favour of the Hong Kong national security law in 2020.

She died on 28 June 2020, at the age of 90, from stomach cancer.[13] [14]

Personal life

Shen was married to Zhang Hailiang, a veteran of the Korean War who later became director of Changzhi Municipal Urban Construction Bureau. The couple had one son and two daughters. In order of birth: Zhang Lizhen (; director of a military hospital in Handan), Zhang Jiangping (; Party chief of Changzhi Municipal Food Bureau), and Zhang Jiang'e (; staff member of Changzhi Municipal Engineering Division).[15]

Political Positions

Loyalty to the Party

In 2009 during the 2nd Session of the 11th National People's Congress, Shen was interviewed by Henan Business Daily, and she said[16] [17]

Her statement drew wide attention.[18] Some media pointed out that Shen supported struggle sessions against Liu Shaoqi during the Cultural Revolution, while she supported rehabilitation for him after the Cultural Revolution ended.[19]

In 2011, Shen said that[20]

Internet control

During 2012 National People's Congress, Shen said

The Southern Metropolis Daily further reported her opinion that some people browsed inappropriate contents online, toxicating the youth.[21]

No contact with voters

During 2012 National People's Congress, Shen stated that it would be inappropriate for the Representatives of the People's Congress to communicate with voters in elections.[22]

Superiority of socialist states

In 2011, China expanded the trial target population of the new rural social pension insurance, and many farmers older than 60 enjoyed pension for the first time.[23] [24] In 2013, Shen said[25]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2013-03-10/045926483738.shtml. zh:人民日报撰文掌声送给申纪兰 称选民对其信任. Sina. 8 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20130311230946/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2013-03-10/045926483738.shtml. 11 March 2013. live.
  2. Web site: 89-year-old woman becomes China's only 13-time NPC deputy. People's Daily. 8 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20180309142518/http://en.people.cn/n3/2018/0309/c90000-9435249.html. 9 March 2018. live.
  3. Web site: Shen Jilan, the world's longest-serving congresswoman. China.org.cn. 8 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20130131202833/http://china.org.cn/china/CPC_90_anniversary/2011-04/19/content_22396419.htm. 31 January 2013. live.
  4. Web site: An army of 'yes-men': China's People's Congress. Deutsche Welle. 8 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191108165531/https://www.dw.com/en/an-army-of-yes-men-chinas-peoples-congress/a-16648989. 8 November 2019. live.
  5. News: Wang Hongjing (Chinese: 王鸿谅) . http://news.sina.com.cn/c/sd/2009-10-09/102418794607_4.shtml . zh:申纪兰:“太阳底下晒的人” . Sina . 9 October 2009 . 13 November 2019 . zh . https://web.archive.org/web/20191113072543/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/sd/2009-10-09/102418794607_4.shtml . 13 November 2019 . live .
  6. Web site: http://book.sohu.com/20050503/n225429922.shtml. https://web.archive.org/web/20150518091349/http://book.sohu.com/20050503/n225429922.shtml. dead. 18 May 2015. zh:李顺达——新中国第一代著名劳模. 18 May 2015. Sohu. 8 November 2019.
  7. Web site: http://www.czzx.changzhi.gov.cn/czzxcms/wenxianshiliao/2011-08-24/2272.html. https://web.archive.org/web/20121031103053/http://www.czzx.changzhi.gov.cn/czzxcms/wenxianshiliao/2011-08-24/2272.html. dead. 31 October 2012. zh:长治市政协网-中国人民政治协商会议长治市委员会主办. 31 October 2012. Government of Changzhi. 8 November 2019.
  8. Web site: Meet 89-year-old Shen, China's longest-serving lawmaker. 12 March 2018. China Daily. 8 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191108164249/https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201803/12/WS5aa69cdba3106e7dcc14124a.html. 8 November 2019. live.
  9. Web site: http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2019-09/17/c_1125006548.htm. zh:(受权发布)中华人民共和国主席令(第三十四号). Xinhua. 8 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190921182403/http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2019-09/17/c_1125006548.htm. 21 September 2019. live.
  10. News: The heroes of China. 10 September 2019. The Telegraph. 8 November 2019. 0307-1235. https://web.archive.org/web/20191108165535/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/china-watch/politics/china-medal-of-the-republic-70-anniversary/. 8 November 2019. dead.
  11. Web site: Shanxi Women's Federation Officials Visit Shen Jilan, China's Longest-Serving Legislator. All China Women's Federation. 8 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191108165537/http://www.womenofchina.cn/html/news/action/190918352-1.htm. 8 November 2019. live.
  12. Spakowski . Nicola . April 2022 . Women Labour Models and Socialist Transformation in early 1950s China . International Review of Social History . en . 67 . S30 . 131–154 . 10.1017/S0020859021000705 . 247323319 . 0020-8590. free .
  13. News: https://news.mingpao.com/ins/兩岸/article/20200628/s00004/1593319349087/申紀蘭逝世-66次出席人大兩會被稱人大「活化石」-「舉手機器」 . zh:申紀蘭逝世 66次出席人大兩會被稱人大「活化石」、「舉手機器」. zh. 2020-06-28. 2020-06-28.
  14. News: zh:全国人大代表申纪兰逝世. https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_8025497. zh. The Paper. 2020-06-28.
  15. News: http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20120320/022911628200.shtml . zh:人大代表申纪兰多重符号:多家公司以其命名 . Sina . 20 March 2012 . 13 November 2019 . zh . https://web.archive.org/web/20191113071848/http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20120320/022911628200.shtml . 13 November 2019 . live .
  16. http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2009-03-12/083315297467s.shtml?from=wap “最老”人大代表申纪兰:55年从没投过反对票
  17. News: “最老”人大代表申纪兰:55年从没投过反对票 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090317234231/http://news.qq.com/a/20090311/003017.htm . 2009-03-17 . live .
  18. Web site: “从不投反对票”的申纪兰再当选人大代表. 2020-07-01. DW.COM. Deutsche Welle. zh-CN. 2020-07-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20200703101329/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%8D%E6%8A%95%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%B9%E7%A5%A8%E7%9A%84%E7%94%B3%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%B0%E5%86%8D%E5%BD%93%E9%80%89%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8/a-16641484. live.
  19. News: 人大代表申纪兰:从未投过反对票 . 德国之声中文网 . 吴雨 . 2012-03-06 . 2020-06-26 . 2021-05-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210525020047/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E7%94%B3%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%B0%E4%BB%8E%E6%9C%AA%E6%8A%95%E8%BF%87%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%B9%E7%A5%A8/a-15788634 . live .
  20. News: 申纪兰回应“从未投过反对票”:不拥护的就不投票 . 凤凰网 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120921002850/http://news.ifeng.com/mainland/special/2011lianghui/detail_2011_03/10/5065256_0.shtml . 2012-09-21 . live .
  21. News: “从不投反对票”代表申纪兰:网络也该有人管. 南方都市报. 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120305094920/http://nf.nfdaily.cn/nfdsb/content/2012-03/05/content_39557522.htm. 2012-03-05.
  22. News: 申纪兰:要给人民办事才能当人民代表 . 中国网 . 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120309121950/http://finance.china.com.cn/special/lianghui2012/20120306/573421.shtml . 2012-03-09 . live .
  23. Web site: 2011年将扩大新型农村社会养老保险试点范围 . 2011-03-05 . 腾讯 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180224173438/https://news.qq.com/a/20110305/001246.htm?lwx . 2018-02-24 . live .
  24. 张庆淑:《对我国新型农村社会养老保险制度的思考》,《市场研究》2011(9):55-57.
  25. Web site: 申纪兰:只有社会主义国家才能做到发放养老金 . 网易新闻 . 2013-03-08 . 2015-05-28 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150528101538/http://news.163.com/13/0308/03/8PDP4N2O0001124J.html . 2015-05-28 . dead .