A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Monday, July 9, 1945,[1] with a magnitude of 1.018. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 4.4 days after perigee (on July 5, 1945, at 4:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[2]
The path of totality crossed Oregon, Idaho, and Montana in the northwestern United States, much of central and northeastern Canada, across Greenland and into Scandinavia, the western Soviet Union, and central Asia. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of North America, Europe, North Africa, West Asia, and the Soviet Union. The eclipse was mostly seen on July 9, 1945, except for northeastern Soviet Union, where a partial eclipse was seen on July 10 local time, or starting on July 9, passing midnight and ending on July 10 due to the midnight sun.
Princeton University sent a team to observe the total eclipse southeast of Malta, Montana. The sun happened to appear from a gap in the clouds around the second contact (the beginning of the total phase). The total phase was not affected by the clouds afterwards, but clouds gradually moved closer to the sun, and blocking the sun during the partial phase after the total phase ended. Nobody saw Baily's beads, prominences or shadow bands there. The team from the Franklin Institute and University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia went to Wolseley, Saskatchewan, Canada. The weather condition was clear before sunrise, with only some thin clouds near the horizon. The sun passed through a series of clouds after sunrise, and the weather kept good since then. The observation was successful. The team from the Yerkes Observatory, Wisconsin observed the eclipse in Pine River in southwestern Manitoba, Canada. The eclipse occurred on the morning of July 9. The eastern sky was covered with clouds at sunrise. The sun came out from the clouds 25 minutes before totality, and half an hour later the entire sky was covered with clouds again. Because the local duration of totality was only 37 seconds, the team took small- and large-scale images of the corona at the same time in order to completely record the data, to study the characteristics of both the outer and inner corona. Since the eclipse occurred less than 2 months after the end of the European theatre of World War II, only a few Swedish teams, one Danish team and one French team managed to observe it from Scandinavia. Another small Norwegian team and some other teams in the Soviet Union did not make observations successfully due to the clouds. Among them, teams from the Stockholm Observatory, Sweden and Paris Observatory, France observed it in Brattås, Västerbotten, Sweden, and photographed the corona and spectra.[3]
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[4]
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1945 July 09 at 10:59:59.7 UTC | |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1945 July 09 at 12:13:56.0 UTC | |
| First Central Line | 1945 July 09 at 12:14:14.5 UTC | |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1945 July 09 at 12:14:33.1 UTC | |
| Greatest Duration | 1945 July 09 at 13:25:30.5 UTC | |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1945 July 09 at 13:25:35.0 UTC | |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1945 July 09 at 13:27:45.5 UTC | |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1945 July 09 at 13:35:40.9 UTC | |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1945 July 09 at 14:41:02.5 UTC | |
| Last Central Line | 1945 July 09 at 14:41:18.2 UTC | |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1945 July 09 at 14:41:34.0 UTC | |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1945 July 09 at 15:55:37.9 UTC |
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.01801 | |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.03635 | |
| Gamma | 0.73557 | |
| Sun Right Ascension | 07h13m29.9s | |
| Sun Declination | +22°22'15.4" | |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'43.9" | |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.6" | |
| Moon Right Ascension | 07h13m34.9s | |
| Moon Declination | +23°04'54.4" | |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 15'50.6" | |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°58'08.9" | |
| ΔT | 27.0 s |
See also: Eclipse cycle. This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.