A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Friday, October 2, 1959,[1] with a magnitude of 1.0325. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.4 days before perigee (on October 4, 1959, at 21:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[2]
Totality was visible from northeastern Massachusetts and the southern tip of New Hampshire in the United States, the Canary Islands, Morocco, Spanish Sahara (today's West Sahara) including the capital city Laayoune, French Mauritania (today's Mauritania), Mali Federation (part now belonging to Mali), French Niger (today's Niger), British Nigeria (today's Nigeria), British Cameroons and French Cameroons (now belonging to Cameroon), French Chad (today's Chad) including the capital city Fort-Lamy, French Central Africa (today's Central African Republic), Sudan (part of the path of totality is now in South Sudan), Ethiopia, and the Trust Territory of Somaliland (today's Somalia). A partial eclipse was visible for parts of eastern North America, the eastern Caribbean, Europe, Africa, West Asia, and Central Asia.
Totality began over Boston, Massachusetts at sunrise. Viewing the eclipse was rained out, but it was reported that the brightening of the sky after the eclipse was a startling and impressive sight.[3] A few photographers captured the eclipse from airplanes above the clouds, and a multiple exposure was made atop the R. C. A. building in New York City.[4] The next total eclipse over Boston, the solar eclipse of May 1, 2079, will also be a sunrise event.[5]
The event was also observed at the Canarian Island of Fuerteventura by a team of Dutch astronomers of the university of Utrecht and Amsterdam.[6] [7]
Maurice Allais, a French polymath, reported the alleged anomalous behavior of pendulums or gravimeters, later named as Allais effect. He first reported the effect after observing the solar eclipse of June 30, 1954, and reported another observation of the effect during this solar eclipse using the paraconical pendulum he invented.[8]
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[9]
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1959 October 02 at 09:49:42.6 UTC | |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1959 October 02 at 10:50:25.8 UTC | |
| First Central Line | 1959 October 02 at 10:50:55.8 UTC | |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1959 October 02 at 10:51:25.7 UTC | |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 1959 October 02 at 12:08:39.3 UTC | |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1959 October 02 at 12:12:52.0 UTC | |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1959 October 02 at 12:27:00.1 UTC | |
| Greatest Duration | 1959 October 02 at 12:29:26.6 UTC | |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1959 October 02 at 12:31:24.6 UTC | |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 1959 October 02 at 12:45:44.7 UTC | |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1959 October 02 at 14:02:42.2 UTC | |
| Last Central Line | 1959 October 02 at 14:03:14.3 UTC | |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1959 October 02 at 14:03:46.4 UTC | |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1959 October 02 at 15:04:19.6 UTC |
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.03251 | |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.06608 | |
| Gamma | 0.42075 | |
| Sun Right Ascension | 12h31m27.3s | |
| Sun Declination | -03°23'42.1" | |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'58.8" | |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.8" | |
| Moon Right Ascension | 12h31m57.6s | |
| Moon Declination | -02°59'50.0" | |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'15.2" | |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°59'39.0" | |
| ΔT | 33.0 s |
See also: Eclipse cycle. This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| October 2 Ascending node (new moon) | ||
| Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 117 | Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 143 |