Sporting Cristal Explained

Club Sporting Cristal S.A. is a Peruvian sports club located in the city of Lima, best known for its football team. It was founded on 13 December 1955 in the Rímac district by engineer Richard Bentín Mujica and his wife Esther Grande de Bentín, stockholders of the Peruvian brewery Backus and Johnston.^{[2] [3]} The club and the brewery have been closely linked since its inception, and it is for this reason that it is popularly known as los Cerveceros ("the brewers").

The team has played in the Primera División since 1956, where it obtained the title that year. Due to this achievement, Cristal is often referred to as "El club que nació campeón".^[4] Since their first participation, they have won the league title 19 times and are one of the few teams in Peru to have never been relegated from the top division. Sporting Cristal is also the first Peruvian team to have been crowned tricampeóns, successively winning the 1994, 1995, and 1996 seasons.^{[5] [6]} In 1997, they were runners-up of the Copa Libertadores, losing the final to Brazilian side Cruzeiro. Cristal holds the longest undefeated streak in the tournament; 17 games without suffering a loss.^[7]

Cristal has a heated rivalry with Club Universitario de Deportes. One of the main reasons for the enmity between the two sides is the series of transfers of Universitario's star players to los Celestes. The club also has rivalries with Alianza Lima, Deportivo Municipal, and Sport Boys.

Sporting Cristal plays its home games at the Estadio Alberto Gallardo. They play at the Estadio Nacional for international competitions such as the Libertadores or Sudamericana. The Estadio Nacional is also the venue for matches against Universitario and Alianza Lima.

In addition to football, the club has teams specializing in Esports, futsal, women's football, and volleyball.^{[8] [9]}

History

Ricardo Bentín Mujica, with the support of his wife, co-owners of Backus and Johnston brewery, was the man who is credited with achieving the company's goal. A club from Rímac ward, known as founded in 1926 and originally belonging to the tobacco growers' union, was already playing in the professional Peruvian First Division. Never having won a national championship, the club was in dire economic straits. Bentín decided to buy the club and search for a playing ground, so that the club could develop and be able to play better at the professional level. The club found a lot in the neighborhood of La Florida of 137,000 m².

On December 13, 1955 the club was founded as Sporting Cristal , after Backus' best-known beer brand, Cristal. The new club from the Rímac ward debuted in 1956 in the professional Primera Division and won their first national title that same year. Journalists thus called them the club born a champion (nació campeon). The team managed to win more titles over the years and was known as one of the best football clubs in Peru after Universitario and Alianza Lima.

Even before its foundation, the Sporting Cristal Backus project had more than one opponent: articles from the time point out how certain sports journalists and football clubs viewed with displeasure that a team was financed by a private company. Even the Peruvian Football Federation itself put legal obstacles in the way of the team before and after its merger; until March 1956 the FPF did not authorize Cristal's participation in that year's championship, arguing from the prohibition of advertising in the clubs to the fact that they should have names of national heroes, places or institutions of the country. Various legal outlets were used for the impositions of the Federation, however, the controversy did not end until 1968,when the word "Backus" was finally removed from the club's name.

As a champion of Peru in 1956, Cristal was invited to tour various parts of the world, this being the first tour made by a champion team of Peru. The series of matches began in the United States, continued through several Asian cities such as Kuala Lumpur, Malacca City and Tehran, and culminated in Spain. There were a total of 30 matches played over two months, of which 20 were won, 7 were drawn and there were only 3 defeats.The star of this tour was Alberto Gallardo, who scored 37 goals. The club shook up the market again when they signed the legendary Brazilian player, Didí in 1962, a world-famous footballer who had just won the 1962 World Cup title with his national team. Didí arrived to be the team's coach and implemented the attacking and possession style of play characteristic of Brazil's football. The Brazilian formed an eye-catching team that used to provide a show, however, he had to settle only for the runners-up in 1962 and 1963.

After retiring from football, Didí returned to take over the technical direction of the club for 1967, again obtaining the runner-up position that year.The revenge came the following season, in which Sporting Cristal obtained the highest score along with the Juan Aurich club, due to this the champion of the Descentralizado 1968 had to be defined in an extra match in which the brewers were victorious 2-1 thanks to two goals by Alberto Gallardo. In addition to its local titles, the young institution gained prestige for its international performances. During the 1962 edition until the 1969 edition of the Copa Libertadores, Sporting Cristal went on a 17-game undefeated streak,^[10] the longest unbeaten streak in the Copa Libertadores history, winning 8 games, and drawing 9.

The following years would bring new titles, the first of them in 1970, under the technical direction of the Argentine Vito Andrés Bártoli, in a tournament that was hard fought with Universitario de Deportes and that was defined in the Final Liguilla of the tournament.In this last stage, Cristal had the best performance and the highest accumulated score, thus winning a new title. Their last match was against Juan Aurich, defeating them 4-2.Of the 32 games played that year, the team won 18, drew 9 and lost 5.

Sporting Cristal changed its shirt color from blue to light blue. They are known as "Los Celestes". During a brief period between 1978 and 1981, they again used blue shirts. In 1982 they returned to light blue as the color of the club.

The 1990s were the most successful decade as they claimed 4 national titles (including 3 in a row) with coach Juan Carlos Oblitas. Under Oblitas, Cristal won 1991, 1994 and 1995 domestic league. Then, guided by Sergio Markarián head coach they won 1996 league. By 1997, the team, led by Uruguayan coach Sergio Markarián, reached the finals of the Copa Libertadores, where they faced the Brazilian club Cruzeiro. The first leg was a home game, in which they ended in a scoreless draw; in the second leg, they lost 1–0. This is the closest Team Peru has come to the Copa Libertadores Final since 1972, when Universitario had a similar fate playing against Independiente.

The club stayed on the top spots of the national tournament during most of the 2000s and gained qualification to the Copa Libertadores eight years in a row from 2000 to 2007. It would only win two titles during the decade which were obtain in 2002 and 2005 with many notable players as Sergio Leal, Jorge Soto and Luis Alberto Bonnet. However, during the 2007, Cristal would come four points away from relegation. It would make a comeback during the 2008 season and qualify to the Copa Libertadores once again.In 2009, the Primera División Peruana would change the tournament structured which caused Sporting Cristal to have mediocre results for the next few years into the new decade. After a seven-year dry spell it would become the national champion once more during the 2012 season when it defeated Real Garcilaso in the finals. They qualified to the 2013 Copa Libertadores where they did not pass the tournament's group stage. In the 2013 season, they played on the same liguilla as Real Garcilaso and fought for a place in the final up to the last match of the season in which they finished third and qualified for the 2014 Copa Libertadores once more.

In the 2018 season, they conquered another historical feat, they became the best Team Peru in the Historic Table during the Professional Era (1966 - 2018). As of 2018, they surpassed Universitario for the first spot, 3264 points to Universitario's 3236 points.^[11]

In the 2020 season, after a bad start in Liga 1 and Copa Libertadores, the club announced the departure of coach Manuel Barreto, days later Roberto Mosquera returned as technical director after 7 years.^{[12] [13]} Sporting Cristal was unable to play in Phase 3 of the 2020 Copa Libertadores, as they lost 4-0 to Barcelona S.C., but won 2-1 in Lima, as an aggregate result of 5-2 against them. On March 12, the Torneo Apertura was stopped due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. When the competition returned, the team finished in third place. In the Clausura Tournament they won group A and qualified for the definition against Ayacucho FC, they would be defeated by the foxes in the penalty kicks. Cristal, for being first in the accumulated table, would also play the semifinal with Ayacucho, in the first match they would win 2-1 and in the second they would win again with a resounding 4-1 qualifying for the national final.Sporting Cristal would achieve its twentieth title by beating Universitario in an aggregate of 3-2 in the final.

Stadium

Sporting Cristal plays its matches at home at Estadio Alberto Gallardo, owned by the Peruvian Sports Institute and with the right to use it by the club until 2022.The sports venue is located in the district of San Martín de Porres in Lima; in addition, it is located on the banks of the Rimac River, one of the longest rivers in Peru. The stadium was officially inaugurated on June 9, 1961, with the name of "Estadio Fray Martín de Porres". On May 19, 2012, the former "Estadio San Martín de Porres" was officially renamed "Estadio Alberto Gallardo", in honor of former footballer Alberto Gallardo who was a champion with Sporting Cristal as a footballer and as a coach. On certain occasions, the club plays at the Estadio Nacional del Perú.

Rivalries

Sporting Cristal has had longstanding rivalries with Universitario, and Alianza Lima, as these teams are considered the big three of Peruvian football. The matches played between them are called classics and are usually the most attractive of tournaments. Cristal also has rivalries with Deportivo Municipal and Sport Boys, both located in Callao.

Alianza Lima

Sporting Cristal is characterized by the practice of the colorful game, even stipulating it as a condition in the employment contracts of its coaches. Alianza Lima, in the same way, usually plays an offensive style game, so the matches played between these teams are among the most attractive in the tournament, the matches are usually very even.Both teams have defined championships on several occasions, the first of them was in 1961, when Sporting Cristal beat the Alliance 2-0 and was crowned champion. Highlighting the final of the 2018 Torneo Descentralizado, where Cristal won 1-4 away and 3-0 at home, obtaining a resounding aggregate result of 7-1 in favor of the brewers,being the largest final in the history of Peruvian football. The last national championship played between the two teams was in 2021.

Sporting Cristal got its biggest result against Alianza Lima in 1960, when it beat them 5-0. On the other hand, their biggest defeat occurred in 2004, when they lost 5-0; although the sky-blue team played on that occasion with an alternate team. In 1987, Sporting Cristal got its biggest win ever against Alianza on the road, defeating them 4-0 at the Estadio Alejandro Villanueva.That Alianza Lima squad was known as the foals. In the Copa Libertadores the biggest results were two: In 1995 there was a 3-0 win in favor of the Rimense team,while in 1978 they lost by the score of 4-1.

Universitario

The match played between Sporting Cristal and Universitario de Deportes is one of the most important rivalries in Peru, both clubs are the ones that won the largest number of titles since the Peruvian Primera División began to be played from 1966, giving 18 titles for Sporting Cristal and 16 for Universitario, this succession of championships made there be a great rivalry between both teams,being sporadically called as the Modern Classic of Peruvian Soccer,although the name was not widespread (before it was associated with the matches between Universitario and Deportivo Municipal).

Supporters

Cristal has three ultra or barra bravas known as Extremo Celeste, Fverza Oriente Gvardia Xtrema.Fverza Oriente was the first ultra of Cristal, founded in 1975. They are located on eastern grandstand of the stadiums. Extremo Celeste was formed in 1991 when a group of young fans from Fuerza Oriente decided to form a new group for young energetic supporters. Extremo Celeste has become one of the biggest barras bravas in Peru. And in 2007 a smaller third ultra was created in the western grandstand to support the team. Sporting Cristal had supporters on every grandstand on Estadio Alberto Gallardo.

Honours

Senior titles

Type	width=250px	Competition	Titles	Runner-up	Winning years	Runner-up years
National (League)	scope=col	Primera División	20	14	1956, 1961, 1968, 1970, 1972, 1979, 1980, 1983, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2002, 2005, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2020	1962, 1963, 1967, 1973, 1977, 1989, 1992, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2015, 2021
Half-year / Short tournament (League)	scope=col	Torneo Apertura	4	7		1997, 2001, 2006, 2008, 2016, 2019, 2023
	scope=col	Torneo Clausura	6	4		2000, 2008, 2020, 2021
	scope=col	Torneo de Verano	1	—		—
	scope=col	Liguilla Pre-Libertadores	2	1
	scope=col	Torneo Apertura	bgcolor=gold	1	—		—
	scope=col	Torneo Regional	3	—		—
	scope=col	Torneo Descentralizado	1	—		—
	scope=col	Campeonato de Apertura (ANA)	1	1
National (Cups)	scope=col	Copa Bicentenario	1	—		—
International (Cups)	scope=col	Copa Libertadores	—	1	—

Friendlies

Type	width=250px	Competition	Titles	Runner-up	Winning years	Runner-up years
International (Cup)	scope=col	Copa El Gráfico-Perú	2	1	1999, 2003	2002–II
	scope=col	Marlboro Cup	1	—	1988	—

Under-20 team

Type	width=250px	Competition	Titles	Runner-up	Winning years	Runner-up years
National (League)	scope=col	Torneo de Promoción y Reserva	4	3	2016, 2018, 2019, 2023	2014–I, 2015–III, 2017
National (Cups)	scope=col	Copa Modelo Centenario	1	—	2016	—
	scope=col	Copa Generación	1	—	2021	—

Women’s football

Type	width=250px	Competition	Titles	Runner-up	Winning years	Runner-up years
National (League)	scope=col	Liga Femenina	2	1	1998, 1999	1997

Performance in CONMEBOL competitions

• Copa Libertadores

39 appearances

Runners-up (1): 1997

Quarter-finals (2): 1993, 1995

1962, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1974, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1984, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024

• Copa Sudamericana

4 appearances

2018

First Stage

2019

Round of 16

2021

Quarter-finals

2023

KO play-offs

• Copa CONMEBOL

1 appearance

1994: Quarter-finals

• Copa Merconorte

4 appearances

1998: First Round

1999: First Round

2000: First Round

2001: First Round

• U-20 Copa Libertadores

2 appearances

2012: Group Stage

2024: Group Stage

Women's volleyball

• Liga Nacional Superior de Voleibol

Runner-up (1): 2013–14

Players

Current squad

.^[14]

Out on loan

Presidential history

Name Years Blas Loredo Bascones 1956–59 Alfonso Raul Villegas 1960–63 Augusto Moral Santisteban 1964 Cesar Freundt 1965 Augusto Galvez Velarde 1966–71 Josue Grande Fernandez 1972–79 Jaime Noriega Zegarra 1980–88 Federico Cúneo de La Pierda 1989–93

Name Years Francisco Lombardi Oyarzub 1994–95 Alfonso Grados Carraro 1996–99 Francisco Lombardi Oyarzub 2000–01 Jaime Noriega Bentin 2002–04 François Mujica Serelle 2005–10 Felipe Cantuarias Salaverry 2011–14 Federico Cúneo de La Pierda 2014–2018 Carlos Benavides 2019 Cristian Emmerich 2019–

Records

Year-by-year

See main article: List of Sporting Cristal seasons. This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed by Sporting Cristal. For the full season-by-season history, see: List of Sporting Cristal seasons.

width=60px rowspan=2	Season	League								Position		National Cups	Continental / Other	Tournament Top goalscorer(s)
Competition									Play-offs	Name(s)	Goals
2016	Torneo Descentralizado	44	21	12	11	70	48	77	1st	bgcolor=gold	1st			Copa Libertadores	GS
2017	Torneo de Verano	14	6	4	4	27	16	22	3rd	DNQ			Copa Libertadores	GS	Irven Ávila	22
	Torneo Apertura	15	6	5	4	22	20	23	7th
	Torneo Clausura	15	5	3	7	27	24	19	9th
2018	Torneo de Verano	14	10	3	1	42	15	33	1st		DNQ		Copa Sudamericana	R1	Emanuel Herrera	40
	Torneo Apertura	15	9	5	1	27	7	32	1st	1st
	Torneo Clausura	15	7	3	5	37	14	24	5th
2019	Torneo Apertura	17	9	5	3	28	13	32	2nd	3rd	Copa Bicentenario	QF	Copa Libertadores Copa Sudamericana	GS Ro16	Cristian Palacios	13
	Torneo Clausura	17	9	4	4	31	20	31	3rd
2020	Torneo Apertura	19	9	6	4	38	23	33	3rd	bgcolor=gold rowspan=2	1st	Copa Bicentenario		Copa Libertadores	R2	Emanuel Herrera	20
	Torneo Clausura	9	7	2	0	20	9	23	2nd

Managerial history

List of Sporting Cristal managers through club history.^[15]

Years Nationality Name 1956–58 Luis Tirado[16] 1958–59 César Viccino 1960 Carlos Peucelle 1960 Víctor Pasache 1961–62 Juan Honores 1962 Víctor Pasache 1962–64 Waldir Pereira "Didí" 1964–66 Alberto "Toto" Terry 1966 Yaldo Barbalho 1967–69 Waldir Pereira "Didí" 1969 Víctor Pasache 1969–70 Vito Andrés "Sabino" Bártoli 1971 Rudi Gutendorf 1972–74 Marcos Calderón 1974 Rafael Asca 1974–75 Eloy Campos 1976 Juan Honores 1976 Víctor Pasache 1976–77 Diego Agurto 1977 Alberto Gallardo 1977–78 Roque Máspoli 1978 Alberto Gallardo 1978–79 José Fernández 1979–81 Marcos Calderón 1981–82 Alberto Gallardo 1982–83 César Cubilla 1984 José Chiarella 1985 Alberto Gallardo 1985 José del Castillo 1985–86 Héctor Chumpitaz 1987–88 Miguel Company 1988 Óscar Montalvo 1988–89 Alberto Gallardo 1989–90 Oscar López Oscar Cavallero 1990 Fernando Mellán 1990 Eugenio Jara

Years Nationality Name 1990–92 Juan Carlos Oblitas 1993 José Carlos Amaral 1993–95 Juan Carlos Oblitas 1996 José Luis Carbone 1996 Roberto Mosquera 1996–97 Sergio Markarián 1997–98 Miguel Ángel Arrué 1998 Luis García 1998–99 Franco Navarro 1999 Rodolfo Motta 1999–01 Juan Carlos Oblitas 2001 Horacio Magalhaes Jan 1, 2002 – Dec 31, 2002 Paulo Autuori 2003 Renê Weber 2003–04 Wilmar Valencia 2004 Eduardo Asca 2004–05 Edgardo Bauza May 22, 2005 – Dec 17, 2006 José del Solar Jan 1, 2007 – May 5, 2007 Jorge Sampaoli 2007 Walter Fiori July 1, 2007 – Dec 31, 2009 Juan Carlos Oblitas Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 9, 2010 Víctor Rivera Dec 21, 2010 – April 19, 2011 Guillermo Rivarola April 20, 2011 – Nov 23, 2011 Juan Reynoso Nov 23, 2011 – Dec 31, 2011 Francisco Melgar Jan 1, 2012 – Aug 7, 2013 Roberto Mosquera Aug 7, 2013 – Aug 18, 2013 Francisco Melgar (int.) Aug 18, 2013 – Dec 19, 2013 Claudio Vivas Jan 1, 2014–15 Daniel Ahmed Jan 4, 2016 – Dec 19, 2016 Mariano Soso Jan 4, 2017 – Jun 25, 2017 José del Solar Jun 25, 2017 – Dic 3, 2017 Pablo Zegarra Jan 4, 2018 – Dic 18, 2018 Mario Salas Jan 7, 2019 – Feb 5, 2019 Alexis Mendoza Feb 8, 2019 – Sep 10, 2019 Claudio Vivas[17] [18] Feb 8, 2019 – Sep 10, 2019 Manuel Barreto[19] [20] Feb 23, 2020 – Nov 08, 2022 Roberto Mosquera[21] [22] Nov 09, 2022 – Tiago Nunes[23]

Notes

1. Web site: Club Sporting Cristal S.A conocida como Club Sporting Cristal con RUC 20510014279 en RIMAC.
2. Web site: La grandeza de la Familia Bentín . 14 April 2020 . es . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140103201035/http://www.clubsportingcristal.pe/club/index.php/sociales-sporting-cristal/2122-la-grandeza-de-la-familia-bentin . 3 January 2014 . dmy-all.
3. Web site: Pasión 'Cervecera': Sepa cómo se fundó el Sporting Cristal. 14 April 2020 . es . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111224063100/http://www.larepublica.pe/13-12-2011/pasion-cervecera-sepa-como-se-fundo-el-sporting-cristal . 24 December 2011 . dmy-all.
4. Web site: El club que nació campeón. https://web.archive.org/web/20201124203200/https://es.fifa.com/news/club-que-nacio-campeon-1636140 . dead . November 24, 2020 . 23 May 2012 . 14 April 2020 . FIFA . es.
5. Web site: Sporting Cristal superó en títulos a Universitario en torneos Descentralizados. 16 December 2018 . 14 April 2020 . La República . es.
6. Web site: José Luis Pierrend, Carlos Manuel Nieto Tarazona . rsssf.org . 2013 . Peru - List of final tables . 10 July 2013.
7. Web site: Libertadores: Curiosidades y datos accesorios . 2007 . 21 February 2011 . José Luis Pierrend . ElArea.com.
8. Web site: 1998 . Equipo Femenino de Fútbol del Sporting Cristal . internetsceleste.com . 4 June 2015.
9. Web site: 2013 . 2013: Los Balances. Parte VI: Voley. . elcristalconquetemiro.com . 14 April 2020 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140427011131/http://www.elcristalconquetemiro.com/2013/12/2013-los-balances-parte-vi-voley/ . 27 April 2014 .
10. Web site: Canales . Jostein . Conmebol rememoró el histórico récord que ostenta Sporting Cristal en la Libertadores . www.msn.com/ . La Republica . 21 May 2019.
11. Web site: Tabla Acumulada 1966-2018 . www.dechalaca.com . 21 May 2019.
12. Web site: Lerner . Dan . Roberto Mosquera es el nuevo técnico de Sporting Cristal . 12 March 2023.
13. Web site: ¡Oficial! Roberto Mosquera es el nuevo técnico de Sporting Cristal tras la salida de Manuel Barreto . 12 March 2023.
14. Web site: PLANTEL PROFESIONAL. Club Sporting Cristal . 14 April 2020.
15. Web site: Sporting Cristal. Sporting Cristal. Aug 29, 2019.
16. Web site: Tassara . Carlos . Luis Tirado: De raza sureña . 12 March 2023.
17. Web site: "Claudio Vivas vuelve a casa": Sporting Cristal fichó al técnico argentino por dos temporadas. RPP. Feb 9, 2019.
18. Web site: Claudio Vivas: Sporting Cristal anunció la salida del técnico argentino. El Bocón. Sep 10, 2019.
19. Web site: Manuel Barreto fue presentado oficialmente como nuevo director técnico de Sporting Cristal. RPP. Sep 12, 2019.
20. Web site: Sporting Cristal anuncia el despido de Manuel Barreto. AS Perú. Feb 20, 2020.
21. Web site: Sporting Cristal confirma a Roberto Mosquera como DT. Andina. Feb 17, 2020.
22. Web site: Roberto Mosquera deja el Sporting Cristal tras perder la semifinal en Perú. Swissinfo.ch. Nov 8, 2022.
23. Web site: Tiago Nunes es el nuevo director técnico de Sporting Cristal para el 2023. Líbero. Nov 9, 2022.