Structure of the Australian Army during World War I explained
The structure of the Australian Army during World War I included a small force of mostly militia which served in Australia and larger expeditionary forces which were raised for deployment overseas following the outbreak of the conflict in August 1914. The home army consisted of the small regular Permanent Forces, the part-time Citizen Forces, and the Australian Garrison Artillery, which were maintained in Australia to defend the country from attack, while expeditionary forces consisted of the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force (AN&MEF) which occupied German New Guinea from September 1914, and the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) which fought at Gallipoli in 1915, and in the Middle East and on the Western Front in Europe from 1916 to 1918. Following an initial precautionary mobilisation following the outbreak of war, by the end of August 1914 those units of the reserve formations of the home army that had been activated began to stand down. From 1915, only skeleton garrisons were maintained at coastal forts. Meanwhile, as the war continued overseas the AIF sustained heavy losses, and although it expanded considerably during the war, with the voluntary recruitment system unable to replace its casualties by 1918 most of its units were significantly undermanned.
Order of battle
1918
See also
Notes
Footnotes
Citations
References
- Book: Australian Military Forces. Staff and Regimental Lists of the Australian Military Forces, 1st January 1914. 1914. Government Printer. Melbourne, Victoria. 681165642.
- Book: Australian Military Forces. Officers' List of the Australian Military Forces, 1st August 1918. 1918. Government Printer. Melbourne, Victoria. 48935638.
- Book: Bou, Jean. Light Horse: A History of Australia's Mounted Arm. 2010. Port Melbourne, Victoria. Cambridge University Press. 9780521197083.
- Book: Coulthard-Clark, Chris. 1991. The Third Brother: The Royal Australian Air Force 1921–39. North Sydney. Allen & Unwin. 0-04-442307-1.
- Book: Dennis. Peter. Grey. Jeffrey. Morris. Ewan. Prior. Robin. Bou. Jean. The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History. Oxford University Press. Melbourne. 2008. Second. 978-0195517842. CITEREFDennis_et_al2008.
- Book: Fleming, Robert. The Australian Army in World War I. Men at Arms. 2012. Osprey. Oxford, United Kingdom. 978-1849086325.
- Book: Grey. A Military History of Australia . 3rd . Cambridge University Press. Melbourne, Victoria. 2008 . 978-0-521-69791-0.
- Book: Isaacs, Keith. Military Aircraft of Australia 1909–1918. 1971. Australian War Memorial. Canberra. 9780642993748.
- Book: Hall, Richard John. The Australian Light Horse. 1968. W.D. Joynt & Co.. Blackburn, Victoria. 59504.
- Book: Kuring, Ian. Red Coats to Cams: A History of Australian Infantry 1788 to 2001. Australian Military History Publications . Sydney, New South Wales . 2004. 1-876439-99-8.
- Book: MacKenzie, Seaforth. 1941. The Australians at Rabaul: The Capture and Administration of the German Possessions in the South Pacific. 10th. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. X. Angus and Robertson. Sydney, New South Wales . 12752502.
- Book: Palazzo, Albert. The Australian Army: A History of its Organisation 1901–2001. 2001. Oxford University Press. Melbourne, Victoria. 0195515072.
- Book: Scott, Ernest. 1941. 1936. Australia During the War . Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918 . XI. 7th . Australian War Memorial. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory . 7466425.
- Book: Stevenson, Robert . To Win the Battle: The 1st Australian Division in the Great War, 1914–1918 . 2013 . Cambridge University Press . Port Melbourne, Victoria . 9781107028685 .
- Book: Wilcox, Craig. 1918 Defining Victory: Proceedings of the Chief of Army's History Conference Held at the National Convention Centre, Canberra, 29 September 1998. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. Army History Unit. 1999. Defending Australia 1914–1918: The Other Australian Army. 0731705106. Dennis. Peter. Grey. Jeffrey.
Further reading
- News: Australia's Army. The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, New South Wales. 1 April 1913. 20 August 2015. 9. National Library of Australia.
- Book: Grey, Jeffrey. Jeffrey Grey
. Jeffrey Grey . The Australian Army. The Australian Centenary History of Defence. 2001. I. Oxford University Press. Melbourne, Victoria. 0195541146.
. David Horner. The Gunners. A History of Australian Artillery. 1995. Allen & Unwin . Sydney, New South Wales. 1863739173.
. Ronald McNicoll. 1979. The Royal Australian Engineers 1902 to 1919: Making and Breaking. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. Corps Committee of the Royal Australian Engineers . History of the Royal Australian Engineers. II. 9780959687125.
- Book: Perry, F.W.. 1992. Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5A. The Divisions of Australia, Canada and New Zealand and Those in East Africa. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Ray Westlake Military Books. Newport. 1-871167-25-6.
- Book: Wilson. Graham. Bully Beef and Balderdash: Some Myths of the AIF Examined and Debunked. 2012. Big Sky Publishing. Newport, New South Wales. 9781921941566.
Notes and References
- Web site: Mallett. Ross. Part A: Formations. https://web.archive.org/web/20150228202933/http://www.aif.adfa.edu.au:8888/. First AIF Order of Battle 1914–1918. Australian Defence Force Academy. 14 August 2015. 28 February 2015.