2016 United States presidential election in Ohio explained

See main article: 2016 United States presidential election.

Election Name:2016 United States presidential election in Ohio
Country:Ohio
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2012 United States presidential election in Ohio
Previous Year:2012
Election Date:November 8, 2016
Next Election:2020 United States presidential election in Ohio
Next Year:2020
Turnout:66.48% [1]
Image1:Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg
Nominee1:Donald Trump
Party1:Republican Party (United States)
Home State1:New York
Running Mate1:Mike Pence
Electoral Vote1:18
Popular Vote1:2,841,005
Percentage1:
Nominee2:Hillary Clinton
Party2:Democratic Party (United States)
Home State2:New York
Running Mate2:Tim Kaine
Electoral Vote2:0
Popular Vote2:2,394,164
President
Before Election:Barack Obama
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Donald Trump
After Party:Republican Party (United States)

The 2016 United States presidential election in Ohio was held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Ohio voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican Party's nominee, businessman Donald Trump, and running mate Indiana Governor Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and her running mate Virginia Senator Tim Kaine. Ohio had 18 electoral votes in the Electoral College.[2]

Ohio was won by Trump by a margin of 8.07 points. Prior to the election, most news organizations considered Ohio as leaning Republican, due to Trump's appeal to blue-collar voters in the Rust Belt. Ohio kept its streak of voting for the winner as a bellwether state since 1964, as it voted for Trump, who won nationally. Having previously voted Democratic in 2012 and 2008, the winning margin was the second largest of the states Trump flipped red, after Iowa. It also marked the largest margin of victory since George H. W. Bush defeated Michael Dukakis in the state in 1988.

Additionally, Trump became the first Republican to win the presidency without carrying Hamilton County since Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876. Ohio was 10.2% more Republican than the national average in 2016, the farthest it had voted from the rest of the nation since 1932. Like all of its neighboring states except for longtime Republican state Indiana, Ohio was one of eleven states to vote for Bill Clinton twice in 1992 and 1996, only to be lost by Hillary Clinton in 2016.

Primary elections

Republican primary

See main article: 2016 Ohio Republican presidential primary.

Results

Democratic primary

See main article: 2016 Ohio Democratic presidential primary.

The Democratic Party's presidential primaries in Ohio were held on March 15, 2016, concurrently with primaries in Florida, Illinois, Missouri and North Carolina. The state's 143 pledged delegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention were rewarded proportionally according to the statewide vote total. Three candidates appeared on the ballot for the primary – former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Senator Bernie Sanders and businessman Rocky De La Fuente.

Background

By the time Ohio held its primaries, voters from 21 states and two territories already cast their vote for the presidential nomination of the Democratic Party. As of the March 12 elections, Hillary Clinton was projected to have earned 775 pledged delegates to Bernie Sanders' 552.[3] Clinton gained significant victories in the Southern United States, often described as her "firewall",[4] including landslide victories in Mississippi and Alabama and Georgia.[5] [6] In contrast, Bernie Sanders managed to gain victories in the Midwestern United States,[7] where Ohio resides, including an upset victory in neighboring Michigan on March 8.[8] [9] After the fact, Sanders' campaign took advantage of the momentum gained from the Michigan win, by targeting Illinois, Missouri and Ohio in the March 15 elections, hoping to repeat the same result. Sanders stated that "Not only is Michigan the gateway to the rest of the industrial Midwest, the results there show that we are a national campaign."[10]

Before the Michigan primaries, Clinton and Sanders had debated over economic policies relating to the industrial Midwest states and the so-called "rust belt". The disagreements centered around trade deals, including the Trans-Pacific Partnership and Clinton's past support of the North American Free Trade Agreement, and its effect on economies such as Michigan and Ohio.[11] [12]

Controversy

Ohio is one of at least seventeen states that has laws allowing voters who are 17 years of age, but will be 18 by the time of the general election, to vote in the presidential primaries.[13] However, Ohio Secretary of State Jon A. Husted had announced in December 2015 that 17 year olds would be outright barred from participating in the 2016 primaries. The rationale for the decision was based on an interpretation of the law in which 17 year olds could "nominate" officials for office, but not "elect". In the case of the presidential primaries, by definition, voters would be electing officials – delegates to each party's presidential nominating convention.[14] The decision was met with criticism by the public, after it was brought to mainstream attention by Representative Kathleen Clyde, after she condemned the rule in a statement released on March 5. Clyde described it as a "underhanded, backroom attack" against young voters.[15] Nine teenagers filed a lawsuit with the Ohio Courts of Common Pleas in Franklin County over the decision, stating that the decision contradicted state law and a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that allowed 17 year olds turning 18 by the general election to vote.[16]

Bernie Sanders' campaign, whose voter base includes the majority of young voters,[17] [18] also filed a lawsuit against the decision, accusing Husted of "arbitrarily" and "unconsititutionally" discriminating against young African-American and Latino voters, citing data from the 2010 United States Census that shows younger voters in Ohio were mostly African-American and Latino.[19] [20] Husted, in response to Sanders' lawsuit, said in a public statement that he welcomed the lawsuit, further stating that "I am very happy to be sued on this issue because the law is crystal clear",[19] though, he later spoke out negatively against the lawsuit, claiming that it was "a last-minute political act", designed to "draw attention to his campaign."[21] Many Ohio officials, past and present, such as former Ohio Secretary of State Jennifer Brunner, came out in support of Sanders' lawsuit,[22] and had attracted protests by not only Bernie Sanders supporters, but also Donald Trump supporters as well.[23] In a decision handed down on March 11, an Ohio state judge ruled in favor of both lawsuits by the teenage group and the Sanders campaign, effectively lifting the ban on 17 year olds from voting in the Ohio presidential primaries.[24] Husted initially announced that he would appeal the ruling,[25] however, after learning that such an appeal would not be heard by the court until the day before the primaries, he retracted his intent to appeal.[26]

Forums

March 13, 2016 – Columbus, Ohio

The ninth forum was held at 8:00 pm EDT on March 13, 2016, at the campus of Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, and aired on CNN.[27]

March 14, 2016 – Columbus, Ohio and Springfield, Illinois

The tenth forum was held at 6:00 pm EDT on March 14, 2016, at the campus of Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, and at the Old State Capitol State Historic Site (Illinois) in Springfield, Illinois. It aired on MSNBC. The first section of the town hall with Bernie Sanders was moderated by Chuck Todd; the second section of the town hall with Hillary Clinton was moderated by Chris Matthews.

Results

Green state convention

The Green Party of Ohio participated in the March 15 primaries in Ohio, though they did not hold their presidential primary during the event.[28] Instead, delegates to the Green National Convention were awarded based on presidential preference through a nominating convention in Columbus on April 3. Members of the Green Party of Ohio were able to vote in the convention.[29] [30]

Ohio Green Party presidential convention, April 3, 2016[31]
CandidateVotesPercentageNational delegates
Jill Stein 61%6
William Kreml19%2
Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry12%1
Darryl Cherney5%
Kent Mesplay3%
Total-100.00%9

Republican National Convention

From July 17 through the 20th, Cleveland hosted the Republican Convention, which nominated Donald Trump and Mike Pence.

General election

Polling

Until September 2016, Hillary Clinton won or tied in the vast majority of polls, with Trump only winning 2 polls before September. However, on September 7, Trump won his first statewide poll in 4 months by 46% to 45%. Subsequently, in September, Republican nominee Donald Trump took a lead in Ohio polls, winning every poll but one. In the beginning of October, Clinton regained a narrow lead, but after October 12, every poll except one ended with Trump winning or a tie. The average of the final three polls showed Trump leading 46% to 44%. The final poll showed Trump ahead 46% to 39%, which was accurate compared to the results.[32]

Predictions

The following are final 2016 predictions from various organizations for Ohio as of Election Day.

SourceRankingAs of
Los Angeles Times[33] November 6, 2016
CNN[34] November 8, 2016
align=left Rothenberg Political Report[35] November 7, 2016
Sabato's Crystal Ball[36] November 7, 2016
NBC[37] November 7, 2016
Electoral-vote.com[38] November 8, 2016
RealClearPolitics[39] November 7, 2016
Fox News[40] November 7, 2016
ABC[41] November 7, 2016

Results

Official state results from the Ohio Secretary of State are as follows

2016 United States presidential election in Ohio
PartyCandidateRunning MateVotesPercentageElectoral votes
RepublicanDonald TrumpMike Pence2,841,00651.31%18
DemocraticHillary ClintonTim Kaine2,394,16943.24%0
IndependentGary JohnsonWilliam Weld174,4983.15%0
GreenJill SteinAjamu Baraka46,2710.84%0
NonpartyRichard DuncanRicky Johnson24,2350.44%0
Write-insWrite-insWrite-ins56,3681.02%0
Totals5,536,547100.00%18

By county

County[42] Donald Trump
Republican
Hillary Clinton
Democratic
Gary Johnson
Nonparty
Jill Stein
Green
Richard Duncan
Nonparty
Various candidates
Write-ins
MarginTotal votes cast
%%%%%%%
Adams8,65975.88%2,32620.38%2261.98%470.41%620.54%920.80%6,33355.50%11,412
Allen30,48765.94%13,29428.75%1,4863.21%3230.70%2250.49%4190.91%17,19337.19%46,234
Ashland17,49370.72%5,74023.20%9063.66%1850.75%1830.74%2300.93%11,75347.52%24,737
Ashtabula23,31856.62%15,57737.83%1,2132.95%4271.04%2710.66%3740.90%7,74118.79%41,180
Athens11,35438.22%16,37055.10%1,0123.41%5391.81%1300.44%3041.03%−5,016−16.88%29,709
Auglaize18,65878.41%3,98016.73%7012.95%1120.47%1320.55%2110.89%14,67861.68%23,794
Belmont21,10867.37%8,78528.04%7772.48%1950.62%2140.68%2520.80%12,32339.33%31,331
Brown14,57374.04%4,35322.12%4312.19%1030.52%950.48%1270.64%10,22051.92%19,682
Butler106,97661.13%58,64233.51%5,7903.31%1,1730.67%5660.32%1,8471.05%48,33427.62%174,994
Carroll9,25470.38%3,15423.99%4503.42%910.69%860.65%1130.86%6,10046.39%13,148
Champaign12,63169.24%4,59425.18%5823.19%1470.81%1040.57%1851.01%8,03744.06%18,243
Clark35,20556.88%23,32837.69%1,8953.06%5110.83%3260.53%6281.01%11,87719.19%61,893
Clermont67,51867.54%26,71526.72%3,5043.50%7280.73%3210.32%1,1861.19%40,80340.82%99,972
Clinton13,83873.74%4,06621.67%5142.74%1270.68%800.43%1410.75%9,77252.07%18,766
Columbiana31,67668.13%12,43226.74%1,4013.01%3200.69%2280.49%4350.94%19,24441.39%46,492
Coshocton10,78568.87%4,01325.63%4682.99%1180.75%1150.73%1601.02%6,77243.24%15,659
Crawford13,61170.42%4,62523.93%7143.69%1190.62%1210.63%1390.72%8,98646.49%19,329
Cuyahoga184,21230.25%398,27665.41%12,9932.13%5,2420.86%1,8780.31%6,2781.03%−214,064−35.16%608,879
Darke20,01278.17%4,47017.46%6492.54%1490.58%1230.48%1980.78%15,54260.71%25,601
Defiance11,68863.70%5,36829.26%7824.26%1530.83%1280.70%2301.26%6,32034.44%18,349
Delaware57,56854.50%40,87238.69%4,1163.90%6680.63%3330.32%2,0821.97%16,69615.81%105,639
Erie19,64851.89%16,05742.41%1,2253.24%3420.90%2290.60%3610.96%3,5919.48%37,862
Fairfield44,31460.25%24,88133.83%2,4393.32%5580.76%3730.51%9891.35%19,43326.42%73,554
Fayette7,99571.18%2,73924.39%2952.63%570.51%500.45%960.85%5,25646.79%11,232
Franklin199,33133.93%351,19859.78%19,7253.36%6,1061.04%1,8660.32%9,2981.58%−151,867−25.85%587,524
Fulton13,70964.20%6,06928.42%1,0244.80%1670.78%1390.65%2451.15%7,64035.78%21,353
Gallia9,82275.53%2,62820.21%2852.19%980.75%830.64%880.68%7,19455.32%13,004
Geauga30,22759.66%17,56934.68%1,5022.96%3330.66%2280.45%8031.59%12,65824.98%50,662
Greene48,54058.53%28,94334.90%3,2773.95%6800.82%3020.36%1,1951.44%19,59723.63%82,937
Guernsey11,44568.75%4,35926.18%5493.30%990.59%840.50%1110.67%7,08642.57%16,647
Hamilton173,66542.45%215,71952.73%13,2003.23%3,7230.91%1,2110.30%1,5910.39%−42,054−10.28%409,109
Hancock24,18366.74%9,60926.52%1,5354.24%3190.88%2170.60%3711.03%14,57440.22%36,234
Hardin8,71770.56%2,92023.64%4653.76%800.65%790.64%930.75%5,79746.92%12,354
Harrison5,09871.75%1,68823.76%1782.51%530.75%500.70%380.53%3,41047.99%7,105
Henry9,30166.19%3,75626.73%6594.69%1110.79%990.70%1270.91%5,54539.46%14,053
Highland14,02075.43%3,77320.30%4732.54%1030.55%920.49%1270.69%10,24755.13%18,588
Hocking8,49765.72%3,77529.20%3672.84%900.70%820.63%1180.91%4,72236.52%12,929
Holmes8,72078.52%1,78816.10%3743.37%530.48%620.56%1090.98%6,93262.42%11,106
Huron16,22664.90%7,19228.77%9233.69%1920.77%2440.98%2250.90%9,03436.13%25,002
Jackson9,94972.22%3,22623.42%3732.71%640.46%750.54%890.64%6,72348.80%13,776
Jefferson21,11765.15%9,67529.85%8412.59%1940.60%1960.60%3881.19%11,44235.30%32,411
Knox19,13166.14%8,17128.25%9363.24%2080.72%1640.57%3171.10%10,96037.89%28,927
Lake64,25554.83%46,39739.59%3,8333.27%9460.81%5220.45%1,2371.06%17,85815.24%117,190
Lawrence18,68969.76%6,97426.03%5892.20%1600.60%1420.53%2350.88%11,71543.73%26,789
Licking51,24161.28%27,37632.74%2,7083.24%7250.87%4620.55%1,1121.33%23,86528.54%83,624
Logan15,95773.49%4,64721.40%6573.03%1290.59%1270.58%1950.89%11,31052.09%21,712
Lorain66,81847.54%66,94947.63%4,5483.24%1,2550.89%7350.52%2570.18%−131−0.09%140,562
Lucas75,69838.07%110,83355.74%7,4103.73%2,2521.13%1,7800.43%5060.89%−35,135−17.67%198,830
Madison11,63166.76%4,77927.43%6003.44%1100.63%850.49%2161.23%6,85239.33%17,421
Mahoning53,61646.23%57,38149.48%2,6062.25%8740.75%4310.37%1,0630.92%−3,765−3.25%115,971
Marion16,96164.06%7,92829.94%9863.72%2380.90%1580.60%2070.78%9,03334.12%26,478
Medina54,81059.47%32,18234.92%2,9753.23%7090.77%3950.43%1,0921.19%22,62824.55%92,163
Meigs7,30972.79%2,26022.51%2802.79%660.66%630.63%630.63%5,04950.28%10,041
Mercer17,50680.24%3,38415.51%5622.58%1100.50%1200.55%1340.61%14,12264.73%21,816
Miami37,07969.84%13,12024.71%1,8373.46%3150.59%2290.43%5140.96%23,95945.13%53,094
Monroe4,86871.03%1,66224.25%1622.36%360.53%640.93%610.89%3,20646.78%6,853
Montgomery123,90947.68%122,01646.95%8,3873.23%2,2820.88%9050.35%2,3770.91%1,8930.73%259,876
Morgan4,43168.41%1,73626.80%1922.96%450.69%370.57%360.55%2,69541.61%6,477
Morrow11,94871.60%3,76122.54%5693.41%1020.61%1010.61%2071.22%8,18749.06%16,688
Muskingum24,05664.59%11,12329.86%1,2443.34%2610.70%2400.64%3210.86%12,93334.73%37,245
Noble4,54975.33%1,22120.22%1522.52%340.56%530.88%300.50%3,32855.11%6,039
Ottawa12,65356.52%8,28537.01%9574.28%1470.66%1400.63%2030.91%4,36819.51%22,385
Paulding6,50071.47%2,09323.01%2793.07%780.86%780.86%670.74%4,40748.71%9,095
Perry10,22867.73%4,13827.40%4052.68%1030.68%1050.70%1220.81%6,09040.33%15,101
Pickaway17,07668.55%6,52926.21%7563.03%1800.72%1140.46%2571.03%10,54742.34%24,912
Pike7,90266.12%3,53929.61%2832.37%580.49%830.69%860.72%4,36336.51%11,951
Portage39,97152.07%32,39742.20%2,4153.15%8401.09%4110.54%7280.95%7,5749.87%76,762
Preble15,44674.69%4,32520.91%5532.67%1260.61%1020.49%1290.62%11,12153.78%20,681
Putnam14,96179.34%2,92215.50%6383.38%720.38%1190.63%1450.77%12,03963.84%18,857
Richland36,59066.02%16,08529.02%1,6372.95%3870.70%3530.64%3720.67%20,50537.00%55,424
Ross18,65261.02%10,35633.88%9343.06%2090.68%1630.53%2510.83%8,29627.14%30,565
Sandusky16,31657.68%9,92935.10%1,2634.47%3111.10%1900.67%2760.97%6,38722.58%28,285
Scioto20,55066.28%9,13229.46%6992.25%2170.70%1650.53%2400.78%11,41836.82%31,003
Seneca14,82561.30%7,40430.62%1,3025.38%2421.00%1870.77%2230.92%7,42130.68%24,183
Shelby18,59078.01%4,24317.81%5942.49%1250.52%1320.55%1450.61%14,34760.20%23,829
Stark98,38855.85%68,14638.68%5,6933.23%1,3930.79%1,0620.60%1,4830.84%30,24217.17%176,165
Summit112,02643.03%134,25651.57%7,4722.87%2,3300.89%1,0410.40%3,2211.23%−22,230−8.54%260,346
Trumbull49,02450.71%43,01444.49%2,4892.57%8490.88%5350.55%7650.79%6,0106.22%96,676
Tuscarawas26,91864.70%12,18829.29%1,6063.86%2870.69%2610.63%3460.83%14,73035.41%41,606
Union18,09665.34%7,71827.87%1,1194.04%2070.75%1210.44%4341.57%10,37837.47%27,695
Van Wert10,46976.03%2,69719.59%4293.12%1050.76%690.50%10.01%7,77256.44%13,770
Vinton3,88370.09%1,35124.39%1683.03%430.78%571.03%380.69%2,53245.70%5,540
Warren77,64365.63%33,73028.51%4,3353.66%7150.60%3410.29%1,5451.31%43,91337.12%118,309
Washington20,51468.07%8,02626.63%8922.96%2080.69%1840.61%3131.04%12,48841.44%30,137
Wayne32,27064.26%15,03129.93%1,6243.23%3790.75%3120.62%6011.19%17,23934.33%50,217
Williams11,93968.98%4,35825.18%7034.06%1300.75%1310.76%470.27%7,58143.80%17,308
Wood32,49850.13%27,31842.14%3,2645.04%6891.06%3440.53%7131.10%5,1807.99%64,826
Wyandot7,46870.20%2,51523.64%4374.11%850.80%630.59%700.66%4,95346.56%10,638
Totals2,841,00651.31%2,394,16943.24%174,4983.15%46,2710.84%24,2350.44%56,3681.02%446,8378.07%5,536,547

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

By congressional district

Trump won 12 of 16 congressional districts.[43]

DistrictTrumpClintonRepresentative
51%45%
56%40%Brad Wenstrup
28%67%Joyce Beatty
64%31%Jim Jordan
59%34%Bob Latta
69%27%Bill Johnson
62%33%
65%30%
37%59%Marcy Kaptur
51%44%Mike Turner
17%81%
53%42%Pat Tiberi
45%51%Tim Ryan
53%42%David Joyce
55%40%
56%39%Jim Renacci

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2016 OFFICIAL ELECTIONS RESULTS. 25 June 2020. Ohio Secretary of State. July 13, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170713135350/https://www.sos.state.oh.us/SOS/elections/Research/electResultsMain/2016Results.aspx. dead.
  2. Web site: Distribution of Electoral Votes. National Archives and Records Administration. September 19, 2019 . December 18, 2020.
  3. Web site: Who's Winning the Presidential Delegate Count?. Bloomberg. Bloomberg L.P.. March 13, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160312123223/http://www.bloomberg.com/politics/graphics/2016-delegate-tracker/. March 12, 2016 . March 12, 2016.
  4. Web site: Tani. Maxwell. It's now clear that Hillary Clinton's 'firewall' strategy is alive and well. Business Insider. March 13, 2016. February 28, 2016.
  5. Web site: Dowling. Brian. Hillary Clinton still strong in South, while Bernie Sanders stays alive. Boston Herald. March 13, 2016. 6 March 2016.
  6. News: Bump. Philip. Hillary Clinton's stunningly large win in Mississippi. The Washington Post. March 13, 2016. March 8, 2016.
  7. Web site: Riddell. Kelly. Bernie Sanders' campaign gets needed boost with Kansas, Nebraska wins. The Washington Times. March 13, 2016. March 5, 2016.
  8. Web site: Nelson. Colleen McCain. Nicholas. Peter. Meckler. Laura. Bernie Sanders Scores Upset in Michigan Democratic Primary. The Wall Street Journal. March 13, 2016. 9 March 2016.
  9. Web site: Roberts. Dan. Jacobs. Ben. Gambino. Lauren. Bernie Sanders beats Hillary Clinton in stunning Michigan primary upset. The Guardian. March 13, 2016. March 10, 2016.
  10. Web site: Roberts. Dan. Gambino. Lauren. Sanders optimistic for more midwest upsets after shock Michigan win. The Guardian. March 13, 2016. March 10, 2016.
  11. Web site: Meckler. Laura. Nicholas. Peter. Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton Spar Over Trade in Midwest. The Wall Street Journal. March 13, 2016. March 3, 2016.
  12. Web site: Davis. Owen. Free Trade And Flint: What Sanders And Clinton Got Right And Wrong On Nafta. International Business Times. March 13, 2016. March 7, 2016.
  13. Web site: Primaries – Where Can 17-Year-Olds Vote in Presidential Primaries or Caucuses?. FairVote. March 13, 2016. March 12, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160312212732/http://www.fairvote.org/primaries#17_year_old_voting_presidential_primaries. dead.
  14. Web site: Perkins. William T.. 17-year-olds shut out of presidential primary. The Columbus Dispatch. March 13, 2016. March 5, 2016.
  15. Web site: Naymik. Mark. Ohio 17-year-olds' presidential picks in Tuesday's primary won't count but pressure building to change the rule. Cleveland.com (The Plain Dealer). March 13, 2016. March 8, 2016.
  16. Web site: O'Brien. Brendan. Ohio 17-year-olds sue state for right to vote in primary. Reuters. Thomson Reuters. March 13, 2016. March 8, 2016.
  17. Heller. Nathan. Feeling the Bern With the Youth Vote. The New Yorker. Advance Publications. March 13, 2016. August 25, 2015.
  18. Web site: Silver. Nate. Why Young Democrats Love Bernie Sanders. FiveThirtyEight. ESPN Inc.. March 13, 2016. February 8, 2016.
  19. News: Alcindor. Yamiche. Bernie Sanders Sues Over Ohio Rule Barring 17-Year-Olds From Primary. The New York Times. March 13, 2016. March 8, 2016.
  20. Web site: Morice. Jane. Bernie Sanders' campaign files young voters lawsuit against Ohio Secretary of State Jon Husted. Cleveland.com (The Plain Dealer). March 13, 2016. March 8, 2016.
  21. Web site: Gaudiano. Nicole. Ohio official calls Bernie Sanders' lawsuit a 'political act'. USA Today. March 13, 2016. March 11, 2016.
  22. Web site: Larson. Erik. Sanders Preparing for Battle Over Ohio's 17-Year-Old Voters. Bloomberg. Bloomberg L.P.. March 13, 2016. March 12, 2016.
  23. Web site: Atkin. Emily. Meet The Young Donald Trump Supporters Who Drove 100 Miles To Protest With Bernie Sanders Supporters. ThinkProgress. Center for American Progress. March 13, 2016. March 11, 2016.
  24. Web site: Atkinson. Khorri. Sanders campaign praises Ohio ruling that allows 17-year-olds to vote. MSNBC. NBCUniversal. March 13, 2016. March 12, 2016.
  25. Web site: Palmer. Kim. 17-Year-Olds Should Be Allowed To Vote In Ohio Primary, Judge Rules. The Huffington Post. AOL. March 13, 2016. March 11, 2016.
  26. Web site: LoBianco. Tom. In victory for Sanders, Ohio judge says 17-year-olds can vote in primary. CNN. Turner Broadcasting System (Time Warner). March 13, 2016. March 12, 2016.
  27. News: CNN, TV One to host presidential town hall. CNN. March 13, 2016. March 13, 2016.
  28. Web site: The Columbus Dispatch staff. Here are the 14 presidential candidates on Ohio primary ballots. The Columbus Dispatch. 17 March 2016. 14 March 2016.
  29. Web site: Ohio Green Party Announces 2016 candidates and Presidential Nominating Convention date. Ohio Green Party . 2016-01-05 . 2016-02-20.
  30. Web site: Ohio Green Party Presidential Nominating Convention (Columbus). Ohio Green Party . 2016-01-05. 2016-02-20.
  31. Web site: Stein wins Ohio Green Party convention vote. Green Party Watch. 3 April 2016. 3 April 2016.
  32. Web site: RealClearPolitics - Election 2016 - Ohio: Trump vs. Clinton. www.realclearpolitics.com.
  33. News: Our final map has Clinton winning with 352 electoral votes. Compare your picks with ours. . . 2016-11-06 . 2016-11-13.
  34. Web site: Road to 270: CNN's general election map - CNNPolitics.com . Cnn.com . 2016-11-08 . 2016-11-13.
  35. Web site: Presidential Ratings . The Rothenberg Political Report . August 16, 2021.
  36. Web site: Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball » 2016 President . Centerforpolitics.org . 2016-11-07 . 2016-11-13.
  37. Web site: Todd . Chuck . NBC's Final Battleground Map Shows Clinton With a Significant Lead . . November 7, 2016 . 2016-11-13.
  38. Web site: Electoral-Vote.com . ElectoralVote . 8 November 2016. 2016-11-13.
  39. Web site: 2016 Election Maps – Battle for White House . RealClearPolitics . 2016-11-13.
  40. Web site: Electoral Scorecard: Map shifts again in Trump's favor, as Clinton holds edge . . 2016-11-07 . 2016-11-13.
  41. Web site: The Final 15: The Latest Polls in the Swing States That Will Decide the Election . Abcnews.go.com . 2016-11-07 . 2016-11-13.
  42. Web site: Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . 2021-03-09.
  43. Web site: Presidential Results by Congressional District, 2000-2008 – Swing State Project. December 15, 2008 .