Valentina (Philippine comics) explained

Character Name:Valentina
Publisher:Ace Publications[1]
Debut:Pilipino Komiks #78 (1950)[2] [3]
Creators:Mars Ravelo (writer)[4]
Nestor Redondo (artist)
Species:Serpent-like race
Homeworld:Philippines
Alliances:Kobra (1950)
Serpent Queens of Tiamat (2003)
Partners:Kobra
Aliases:The Serpent Queen
Goddess of Snakes
Powers:
  • Gorgon physiology
  • Snake physiology
  • Snake manipulation
  • Enhanced thermal senses
  • Enhanced night vision
  • Fear inducement
  • Enhanced flexibility and agility
  • Enhanced stealth
  • Invulnerability
  • Enhanced strength
  • Limited telepathy
Villain:y
Cat:super

Valentina is a supervillain appearing in Philippine comic books, created by Mars Ravelo and Nestor Redondo. Based upon the eponymous Greek mythological figure, she first appeared in Pilipino Komiks (issue #78, 1950) and was the first adversary of the superhero Darna.[5] Referred to as the "Goddess of Snakes", she has command over all kinds of serpents and has venomous snakes in her head instead of hair. She has been featured significantly as Darna's archenemy in many adaptations of her stories in other media.[6]

Born in a rural scene, Valentina's origin story relates that she is the daughter of mortals Miguel and Doray. She was feared and hated by the town folks and the only man she ever loved, Edwardo, for her appearance. With the influence of the serpent creature Kobra, this drove her to become evil, murdered her parents and soon planned to destroy humankind by turning the world into a haven of reptiles. The character has changed in depiction over the decades. In Mango Comics' 2003 three-part issue, she was depicted as an extraterrestrial from the planet Tiamat disguised as her mortal alter-ego Amor. A pop culture icon, Valentina is often described as the most recognizable female supervillain in the Philippines.[7]

Publication history

Early years

Valentina's debut in Philippine comics is in Pilipino Komiks #78 (1950), which is the second episode of the comics serial Darna by Mars Ravelo and Nestor Redondo that ran 28 episodes.[8] She eventually became the archenemy of Darna.[9] In creating Valentina, Ravelo drew inspiration from Medusa,[10] a Gorgon in Greek mythology with living venomous snakes in place of hair. Valentina has venomous snakes in her hair, but she does not turn people into stone upon looking into her eyes unlike Medusa.

In her first appearance, Valentina was born from human parents named Miguel and Doray. Too many restrictions from her parents led Valentina to kill them with the help of her pet snake Vibora, beginning her journey onto the pathway of evil.[11] Kobra, a creature with a python's body and hag's head, became Valentina's master. Valentina learns to control snakes to do her bidding, making her "goddess of the snakes". After Darna foiled her plan to turn the Earth into a world dominated by reptiles, Valentina commits suicide by jumping into a cliff where the bodies of her parents can be found.

Later years

In the late 1960s, Pablo S. Gomez created a comic novel entitled Valentina in Universal Komiks that was published by PSG Publication.[12] The main character of the novel, Valentina, is associated with snakes and inspired by Ravelo's Valentina. Due to this comic novel, Valentina became a household name.

The Mango Comics miniseries

In the early 2000s, Mango Comics acquired the rights of Darna.[13] [14] With inputs from the family of Ravelo, in 2003, Mango Comics released a miniseries featuring Darna with Valentina as the main villainess. In this comics series that was written by Boboy Yonzon and illustrated by Ryan Orosco and Gilbert Monsanto,[15] both Darna and Valentina came from the planet called Tiamat. Darna comes from a warrior race named Adarna that uses artificial wings and the comics clearly link the race's origin from the Adarna bird from early Filipino literature while Valentina comes from a rival race that resembles the Nāgas and Gorgons. In this version, Darna's alter-ego, Narda, is depicted as an ordinary college student. On other hand, Valentina is initially presented as a pop singer named Amor comparing her singing prowess to Britney Spears.[16]

Character background

Valentina is a serpent queen with a same likeness to the Gorgon Medusa of the Greek mythology, and with this, she has the ability to control all types of snake as well as communicate with them.[17] One of her defining feature is her venomous snakes on her head that she uses to attack enemies and their bite is lethal just like a viper. As a snake goddess, she has an army of snakes that she uses to execute her plan to destroy humankind. She can also change in different forms.[17]

Valentina usually has a pet snake and a mentor who teaches him to control snakes. She is normally depicted as a bitter woman who always seeks revenge. In other depictions, she is jealous with Narda's (Darna's alter ego) love interest and attempts to steal the man that Narda (or Darna) loves.

In other media

Films

1950s to 1970s

Cristina Aragon played the first Valentina role in the film Darna (1951), the very first film adaptation of Darna comics series.[18] Twenty-two years later, in 1973, Valentina appeared as a doctoral degree graduate in Reptilian Zooloogy from University of New Delhi in the film Lipad, Darna, Lipad!. Valentina's full name in this film is Dr. Valentina Vrandakapoor, Ph.D. and she wears a turban to hide the snakes on her head.[19] [20] Celia Rodriguez portrayed Valentina in this film and her depiction of the character, particularly the sequence where twelve real snakes cover her body while in bed, made her one of top actress to play Valentina as well as one of the top villain performers in the Philippines.[21] [22] The snakes on the head of Rodriguez were actually eels (Rodriguez referred to it as water snakes).[23]

1980s to 1990s

In 1989, a film was released by Lea Productions entitled Valentina, where Melissa Perez Rubio played the title role.[24] In this film where Darna did not appear, Valentina is portrayed as a good person who was cursed with snakes on her head and has powers to turn people into stones at will unlike Medusa who makes people into stones through looking at her eyes. Rey "PJ" Abellana played Ariel, the love interest of Valentina, which was originally intended for Eric Quizon.[25]

In the film 1991 film Darna, Pilar Pilapil portrayed Valentina. The film was criticized as campy and Valentina's look was negatively compared to Jacobim Mugatu of Zoolander while her pet snake Vibora was censured as a downgraded muppet with bright red lips.[26] In another Darna film in the 1990s, Mars Ravelo's Darna! Ang Pagbabalik (1994), Pilita Corrales played Valentina where she has a daughter named Valentine (portrayed by Cherie Gil) who also has snakes on her head.[27]

Future

After ABS-CBN got the film rights for Ravelo's characters in 2013, development of another Darna film has been in the works since 2014 by ABS-CBN's film production company, Star Cinema, with Angel Locsin reprising her role as Darna, although, full cast was not revealed including the actress who would portray Valentina.[28] Erik Matti was the director of the film whose production company Reality Entertainment was co-producing the film.[29] In 2015, Angel Locsin left the project for health reasons.[30] Matti continued working on the project without revealing any details about the cast.[31] Liza Soberano was announced to play Darna in 2017 and no other cast information was given.[32] There were rumors circulating that Anne Curtis would portray Valentina in Soberano-led Darna film but she neither confirm or deny it.[33] Other prospects of actresses who would be Valentina emerged including Venus Raj, Iza Calzado and Jessy Mendiola. In August 2018, Matti said that he already had actors for Ding and Valentina but he did not reveal who were them.[34] In the same month he said this, Soberano had a fractured finger and in April 2019 she announced that she is quitting the project because of the injury.[35]

ABS-CBN announced in October 2018 that Matti withdrew as director for the Darna film because of creative differences.[36] A day after the announcement, it was revealed that Jerrold Tarog replaced Matti as the new director for the Darna film.[37] With the departure of Soberano, Jane De Leon was unanimously picked as Darna among the 300 actresses who auditioned for the role.[38] On the other hand, the coveted Valentina role has yet to be disclosed and several actresses expressed their desire to fulfill the role, most notably Denise Laurel.[39] [40] In addition to the other actresses who were rumored to be Valentina, it was speculated that the following actresses would be Valentina: Sarah Lahbati, Dimples Romana and Maricar Reyes.[41]

Television shows

Darna (2005 TV series)

See main article: Darna (2005 TV series). The very first appearance of Valentina in television is in the 2005 television series Darna by GMA Network where Alessandra de Rossi played Valentina[42] while Angel Locsin portrayed Darna, which was first offered to Iza Calzado.[43] About more than a decade later, Calzado was also considered to play Valentina in another Darna film. On the other hand, de Rossi had qualms in accepting the Valentina due to her fear of snakes but she was persuaded by the production team to take the role. She initially does not have snakes on her head but eventually had them on her final form. The series pilot which was aired on April 11, 2005, posted a 47.1% rating according to AGB Nielsen and the pilot episode was one of the highest rated in Philippine television.

Most of the plot and story elements of the 2005 Darna television series were lifted from the 2003 Darna comics miniseries published by Mango Comics since GMA Network inked a licensing deal with Mango Comics to adapt their comics version into television. In this adaptation, Narda and Valentina are cousins, but in the latter, they found out that they are twins. Efren (played by Dennis Trillo) is both the love interest of Valentina and Narda; Valentina will do anything to get him. Valentina changed to Ava (played by Nadine Samonte) in order for her to get Efren.[44] Valentina was the Anomalkan who will kill the Queen of Anomalka, Braguda, according to the prophecy.

Darna (2009 TV series)

See main article: Darna (2009 TV series). GMA Network rebooted the Darna series once again in 2009 with Marian Rivera as Darna/Narda and Iwa Moto as Valentina.[45] Moto was initially set to play the villain Babaeng Linta but it was changed and she got the role of Valentina.[46] Katrina Halili was considered to play Valentina but she ended up with another villain, Serpina, the half-sister of Valentina.[47] [48] Although, it turned out that Serpina is actually Valentina.[49] Halili also played a villain in the first Darna TV series in 2005 as the Black Darna. Moto's Valentina used to be the childhood friend of Narda and Eduardo (the love interest of Narda played by Mark Anthony Fernandez) until she becomes evil and the enemy of Darna;[50] because of the serpents on her hair, she grew up as an outcast longing for love from her mother as well as Eduardo.

Valentina's powers in the 2009 Darna TV series played by Moto are superhuman strength, stamina, reflexes and the usual power in the comics, which is the control of snakes through a psychic bond. In addition, she has the ability to heal herself and can heal people who are sick as well as get rid of poisons or toxins from any person. Although, when her heart is injured, she cannot heal it. Valentina can also telepathically link herself to her half-sister, Serpina. Her superhuman strength can uproot trees and can match Darna's strength. In this series, Kobra (played by Paolo Contis) who is originally a female character in the comics is Valentina's father while her mother is an ordinary human named Consuelo (played by Janice de Belen).

Darna (2022 TV series)

See main article: Darna (2022 TV series). Janella Salvador starred as Regina Vanguardia/Valentina in ABS-CBN'S take on Mars Ravelo's Darna.[51] Regina is depicted as a prolific lawyer and influencer with a soft spot for the underprivileged and the downtrodden but a monster hidden behind her strong façade.[52] Her superpowers as the Serpent Queen, given to her by a green, crystal-like extra-terrestrial mineral called "Chrysalis", includes: enhanced regenerative healing factor (enabling her to recuperate, even from harm inflicted by Darna, rapidly overnight), flexibility and night vision. She also has five specific snakes among others that grows and extends to great sizes, which she uses for multiple purposes ranging from snaring her prey to reaching or traveling across fair distances. They are named Varda, Corra, Berlie, Mhokie and Shontong. This depiction is also a capable martial artist, and very limber that she is able to easily restrain her targets using body-to-body grappling moves and has even, on more than one occasion, subjected Darna herself into submission moves that the latter could not quickly escape from.[53]

Other television shows

Jodi Sta. Maria starred as Valentina in an episode of ABS-CBN's Komiks television series in 2006 entitled "Komiks Presents: Valentina." The episode is an origin story and Valentina is presented as a good person like in the 1989 film Valentina.[54] Another ABS-CBN television series, Wansapanataym, features Valentina again in one of its episode in 2010. Melissa Ricks got the role to play Valentina in this Wansapanataym episode and the story is also similar to the Komiks episode and the Valentina film where Valentina is presented as a cursed individual but with a good heart.[55]

Theater

Pilipino Komiks

Before the Darna comics characters were adapted into the television medium, they had already appeared first in theater in 1993 where ballerina Lisa Macuja played Darna and Melanie Motus played Valentina in the musical stage play entitled Pilipino Komiks.[56] This ballet stage production was presented by Philippine Ballet Theatre and featured characters made by Mars Ravelo in a comedic way.[57] Almost a quarter a century later in 2017, this play that was first choreographed by Gener Caringal was re-staged again by Philippine Ballet Theatre and co-presented by Filipino Heritage Festival, National Commission for Culture and the Arts, AB Leisure and Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation. In this re-staging of Pilipino Komiks, Regine Magbitang played Darna while Loby Pimentel played Valentina. Both plays were performed in the Cultural Center of the Philippines; the second play additionally performed in Negros, Philippines.

Other stage plays

Another ballet stage play was produced in August 2003 by Ballet Philippines and presented at the Cultural Center of the Philippines.[58] In this theater version, entitled Darna, Christine Crame and Kris-Belle Paclibar alternately danced and played the part of Darna while Valentina who sings was portrayed by Chin-Chin Gutierrez and Tex Ordoñez alternating between the schedule of the stage plays. This production is equally focused on both Darna and Valentina.[59] With choreographic influences from American films such The Matrix and Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, the theater play was directed by Chris Millado and choreographed by Denisa Reyes and Alden Lugnasin.[60]

In May 2018, Ding, Ang Bato! that was presented by the Arts and Culture Cluster and the Dance Program of the School of Design and Arts of the De La Salle–College of Saint Benilde was a dance musical theatre that once more featured Darna and Valentina.[61] Staged at School of Design and Arts Theater at De La Salle College of St. Benilde and directed also by Chris Millardo,[62] the story is presented at the point-of-view of Ding (played alternately by Carlos Serrano, Juner Quiambao and John Peñaranda), the younger brother of Narda, who is born deaf in this version.[63] [64] Christine Crame reprised her role as Darna while role of Valentina went to Natasha Cabrera.[65] In this version, Valentina is a sympathetic character and has an alter-ego named Tina that was played by Lea Roque.[66]

Powers and abilities

Actresses who played Valentina

The following table lists all the actresses who portrayed Valentina as the main character as well as her alter-ego. It does not include actresses who portrayed Valentina as a result of possession or reincarnation. That information is available in the "Notes" section.

Valentina actresses
Year Medium Work titleActressNotes
1951 film DarnaThe very first actress to play Valentina.
1973film Lipad, Darna, Lipad!Celia RodriguezFor the first time, the character got a full name (Dr. Valentina Vrandakapoor). Rodriguez's performance was regarded as the best depiction of Valentina.[69]
1989film Valentina Melissa Perez RubioValentina is presented as a protagonist.
1991 film DarnaValentina's look on this film was criticized.
1993theater Pilipino KomiksMelanie MotusThe very first musical dance theater adaptation of the character presented in a comedic way.
1994 film Mars Ravelo's Darna! Ang Pagbabalik Pilita Corrales
2003 theater Darna Chin-Chin Gutierrez and Tex OrdoñezValentina's character sings in the ballet theater presentation where she and Darna were equally focused in the story.
2005television Alessandra de RossiThe very first television adaptation of the character. Nadine Samonte played Ava in this series but her character was possessed by Valentina.
2006televisionJodi Sta. MariaValentina is featured in this Komiks episode as a good person as in the 1989 Valentina film.
2009 televisionIn this Darna reboot, Katrina Halili portrays Serpina, the half-sister of Valentina, but it turned out she is Valentina herself.
2010 televisionWansapanataymMelissa RicksSimilar to the Valentina film and the Komiks episode, Valentina is presented as a cursed person with snakes on her head but with a good heart.
2017 theaterPilipino Komiks Loby PimentelThe play is a remake of the 1993 musical dance theater with the same name.
2018 theaterDing, ang Bato! Natasha Cabrera and Lea RoqueCabrera played a sympathetic Valentina while Roque played Tina, the alter-ego of Valentina.
2022 televisionJanella SalvadorIn this 2022 version of Darna, Regina is Valentina's mortal alter-ego who is a lawyer and vlogger

Collected editions

TitleVolumeIssueDate
DarnaPilipino Komiks
  1. 2-16, #18-28
  1. 81[70]
July 8, 1950
  1. 87[71]
September 30, 1950
Darna vs. ZumarnaDarna Komiks
  1. 1217[72]
August 17, 1992
Darna[73] Mango Comics miniseries[74]
  1. 1[75]
February 28, 2003
  1. 2[76]
May 7, 2003
  1. 3[77]
December 13, 2003

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: First issue of Pilipino Komiks. philstar.com. August 20, 2019. The Philippine Star. April 4, 2015. - Note: Ace Publications is the publisher of Pilipino Komiks
  2. Web site: Ernee's Corner: Darna: The Original Filipino Superheroine. February 15, 2010. Ernee's Corner. August 20, 2019. Lawagan. Ernee. - Part of this blog was published in TV Star Guide magazine published by Atlas Publishing Company in May 2005
  3. Web site: Video 48: Darna 1950 Revisited: Ika-2 Na Labas (The Birth Of Valentina). November 26, 2008. Video 48. August 20, 2019.
  4. Web site: In Photos: Darna flies high in Negros. philstar.com. August 20, 2019. The Philippine Star. June 12, 2017.
  5. Web site: Valentina. www.internationalhero.co.uk. August 20, 2019.
  6. Web site: Darna. www.internationalhero.co.uk. August 20, 2019.
  7. Web site: Kalaw . Bea . August 1, 2022 . Actresses who astounded with "ssspectacular," "ssstunning" portrayals of Darna's archnemesis Valentina . ABS-CBN Entertainment .
  8. Web site: Video 48: Darna 1950 Revisited: Unang Labas (The Origin Of Darna). November 25, 2008. Video 48. August 20, 2019.
  9. Web site: Filipino Superhero Series: Darna. January 7, 2013. FFE Magazine. August 23, 2019.
  10. Web site: Ernee's Corner: Valentina: The Most Well-known Supervillainess in Philippine Komiks. January 1, 2012. Ernee's Corner. August 20, 2019. Lawagan. Ernee.
  11. Web site: Video 48: Darna 1950 Revisited: IKA-4 at 5 Na Labas (The Evil Valentina). November 28, 2008. Video 48. August 23, 2019.
  12. Web site: Komix Page: Valentina. Komixpage. April 20, 2016. KOMIXPAGE. tl. August 20, 2019.
  13. Book: Lent, John A.. Asian Comics. January 5, 2015. Univ. Press of Mississippi. 9781626742949. en.
  14. Book: Lent, John A.. Southeast Asian Cartoon Art: History, Trends and Problems. January 17, 2014. McFarland. 9780786475575. 69. en.
  15. Web site: Muling Lumilipad si Darna. Eder. Ederic. March 16, 2003. ederic.net. tl. August 20, 2019.
  16. Web site: Who's that girl?. Santos. Tomas U.. August 22, 2019. The Varsitarian. University of Santo Tomas. April 30, 2003.
  17. Web site: Poll: Who do you want to play #Valentina?. Afinidad-Bernardo. Deni Rose M. July 5, 2017. philstar.com. The Philippine Star. August 23, 2019.
  18. Web site: Celia: Angel Locsin is the best Darna. Lo. Ricky. Ricky Lo. June 20, 2017. philstar.com. The Philippine Star. August 27, 2019.
  19. Web site: Top 10 Most Wicked Pinay Contrabidas. Santos. Pietro. August 3, 2010. SPOT.PH. en. August 27, 2019.
  20. Web site: JessicarulestheUniverse The farce be with you.. Zafra. Jessica. Jessica Zafra. January 3, 2007. JessicaRulestheUniverse.com. en-US. August 27, 2019.
  21. Web site: All The Women Who've Played Valentina Through The Years—Ranked!. Gaerlan. Daniel Ruperto M.. June 26, 2017. FHM Philiippines. Summit Media. August 27, 2019.
  22. Web site: Top 10 Unforgettable Kontrabidas We All Loved to Hate. Capacillio. Jeremiah. May 31, 2018. SPOT.PH. en. August 27, 2019.
  23. Web site: JessicarulestheUniverse Tea with Valentina: We did a podcast with Ms Celia Rodriguez. Zafra. Jessica. Jessica Zafra. November 18, 2013. JessicaRulestheUniverse.com. en-US. August 27, 2019.
  24. News: Brillante Mendoza's bid for Cannes glory. May 17, 2008. ABS-CBN News. August 27, 2019.
  25. Web site: Rey 'PJ' Abellana stars in Direk Ronnie Ricketts' new drama movie. Kabristante. George Vail. August 10, 2019. The Manila Times. en. August 27, 2019.
  26. Web site: No One's Talking About The Best Darna. Lim Uy. Sasha. Esquire Magazine Philippines. Summit Media. August 27, 2019.
  27. Web site:
    1. Throwback: Who are Darna's greatest enemies? PUSH.COM.PH: Your ultimate showbiz hub!
    . Fernando. Jeff. May 31, 2017. push.abs-cbn.com. ABS-CBN. tl. August 27, 2019.
  28. Web site: Angel Locsin to return as 'Darna' in new movie. Villano. Alexa. June 27, 2014. Rappler. en. August 29, 2019.
  29. Web site: Darna, liliparin ang bulkan? Stunning VFX reel surfaces online. January 18, 2018. ABS-CBN News. August 29, 2019.
  30. Web site: Angel Locsin leaves 'Darna' movie project. October 27, 2015. Rappler. en. August 29, 2019.
  31. Web site: The New Pinoy 'Darna' Movie: Director Erik Matti Teases Details . International Business Times. January 25, 2016. June 14, 2018. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180614141848/http://www.ibtimes.ph/new-pinoy-darna-movie-director-erik-matti-teases-details-1354619. June 14, 2018.
  32. Web site: It's official! Liza Soberano is the new Darna. May 30, 2016. ABS-CBN News. August 29, 2019.
  33. Web site: Is Anne Curtis going to be Valentina?. Afinidad-Bernardo. Deni Rose M.. July 5, 2017. philstar.com. The Philippine Star. August 29, 2019.
  34. Web site: Eric Matti [sic] finds right actress to play Valentina in 'Darna']. Bayle. Alfred. August 8, 2018. entertainment.inquirer.net. Philippine Daily Inquirer. en. August 29, 2019.
  35. Web site: Full Video: Tearful Liza Soberano withdraws from 'Darna' film project. April 4, 2019. ABS-CBN News. August 29, 2019.
  36. Web site: Erik Matti no longer directing 'Darna' movie. October 4, 2018. cnn. CNN Philippines. en. August 29, 2019. August 29, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190829104502/https://cnnphilippines.com/entertainment/2018/10/04/erik-matti-darna-abscbn-star-cinema.html. dead.
  37. Web site: Jerrold Tarog takes over as 'Darna' director. October 5, 2018. Rappler. en. August 29, 2019.
  38. Web site: Get to know Jane de Leon, ABS-CBN's pick for Darna. Malasig. Jeline. July 18, 2019. Interaksyon. Philstar Global Corp.. en-US. August 29, 2019.
  39. News: Denise Laurel as Darna? Actress prefers to be the villain instead. Hallare. Katrina. April 10, 2019. Philippine Daily Inquirer. en.
  40. Web site: WATCH: Denise Laurel wows with Valentina 'audition'. July 5, 2019. ABS-CBN News. August 29, 2019.
  41. Web site: 6 Actresses Who Would Be Perfect As The Next Valentina. De los Reyes. Sara. Libero-Cruz. Grace. July 8, 2019. MetroStyle. ABS-CBN Corporation. August 29, 2019.
  42. Web site: The many lives of Alessandra De Rossi. May 2, 2018. CNN Philippines. en. August 27, 2019. August 27, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190827101403/https://cnnphilippines.com/life/entertainment/2018/04/30/alessandra-de-rossi-interview.html. dead.
  43. Web site: Meet the 'Darna' actress that almost was. March 24, 2014. ABS-CBN News. August 27, 2019.
  44. Web site: Mars Ravelo's Darna 2005 TV Series. Arcega. Raffy. August 24, 2009. Darna 2005 TV Series Guide. August 27, 2019.
  45. Web site: Full cast of Darna finally revealed. Mendoza. Ruel J.. July 2, 2009. PEP.ph. Summit Media. August 28, 2019.
  46. Web site: Iwa Moto is ready to handle snakes for her role as Valentina. Garcia. Rose. July 8, 2009. PEP.ph. tl. August 28, 2019.
  47. Web site: Katrina Halili, maghahasik na ng lagim sa 'Darna'. December 18, 2009. www.gmanetwork.com. GMA Network. tl. August 28, 2019.
  48. Web site: Katrina Halili ready to play villain roles again. April 30, 2009. www.gmanetwork.com. GMA Network. tl. August 28, 2019.
  49. Web site: Katrina Halili says Nadine Lustre is perfect to play Darna. Franco. Bernie V.. June 15, 2019. PEP.ph. August 28, 2019.
  50. Web site: Darna 2009 TV Series Guide. Arcega. Raffy. September 5, 2009. DARNA 2009 TV SERIES GUIDE. August 28, 2019.
  51. Web site: Janella Salvador to play Valentina in ABS-CBN's 'Darna' series . ABS-CBN News . November 19, 2021.
  52. Web site: Janella Salvador as Valentina . ABS-CBN Entertainment.
  53. Web site: KILALANIN: Ang 5 ahas ni Valentina sa 'Darna' . October 27, 2022 . ABS-CBN News . en.
  54. Web site: Who Do You Think Should Play Valentina In The 'Darna' Remake?. Valencia. F.. Saturnino. Jean. June 30, 2017. COSMO.PH. Cosmopolitan Philippines. en-ph. August 29, 2019. Ignacio. Mixi.
  55. Web site: Melissa Ricks is 'Valentina'. November 12, 2010. ABS-CBN News. August 29, 2019.
  56. Web site: artaturningpointe: PBT's Pinoy Komiks Still Flying High. Jacinto. Erica Marquez. July 4, 2017. artaturningpointe. August 28, 2019.
  57. Web site: Gener Caringal's Pilipino Komiks, A Re-Staging.. en. August 28, 2019.
  58. Web site: Darna flies. Sta. Maria. Dina. August 3, 2003. philstar.com. The Philippine Star. August 28, 2019.
  59. Web site: In Focus: Darna Flies High Over at CCP!. Alba. Reinerio A.. July 21, 2003. ncca.gov.ph. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. August 28, 2019. July 22, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180722141239/http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/in-focus/darna-flies-high-over-at-ccp/. dead.
  60. Web site: Ballet Philippines soars high with 'Darna'. Cortes. Joseph. July 28, 2003. philstar.com. The Philippine Star. August 28, 2019.
  61. Web site: Darna is back in a new dance-theater production at Benilde. May 4, 2018. Inquirer Lifestyle. Philippine Daily Inquirer. en-US. August 28, 2019.
  62. Web site: Benilde's Arts and Culture Cluster stages 'Ding, ang bato!'. April 20, 2018. InqPOP!. Philippine Daily Inquirer. en. August 28, 2019.
  63. Web site: Darna comes back to life in Benilde's new dance musical, Ding, Ang Bato! BusinessWorld. Charm. Neil. April 25, 2018. BusinessWorld. en-US. August 28, 2019.
  64. Web site: Musical retells Darna story through Ding's perspective. May 12, 2018. ABS-CBN News. August 28, 2019.
  65. Web site: Review: In "Ding, ang Bato!", dancing is serious but the politics is casual. Francisco. Nikki. May 20, 2018. TheaterFansManila.com. en-US. August 28, 2019.
  66. Web site: Taking flight with "Ding, Ang Bato!". Lanuza. Ej. May 21, 2018. The Benildean. De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde. August 28, 2019. August 28, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190828111327/https://thebenildean.org/2018/05/taking-flight-ding-ang-bato/. dead.
  67. Web site: Valentina: Her many faces and origin stories – Manila Bulletin . November 21, 2022 . mb.com.ph.
  68. Web site: The Extras who came to challenge Darna and spread terror in Nueva Esperanza ABS-CBN Entertainment . November 21, 2022 . ent.abs-cbn.com . en.
  69. Web site: Ten things you didn't know about Celia Rodriguez, Cherie Gil, and their power looks. PEP.ph. en. August 29, 2019. April 12, 2015.
  70. Web site: Pilipino Komiks #81 (July 8, 1950) . Comic Vine . March 4, 2021.
  71. Web site: Pilipino Komiks #87 (September 30, 1950) . Comic Vine . March 4, 2021.
  72. Web site: Darna Komiks #1217 Darna vs. Zumarna (August 17, 1992) . Comic Vine . March 2, 2021.
  73. Web site: Mars Ravelo's Darna (Mango Comics) . Comic Vine . March 2, 2021.
  74. Web site: Mango Comics . Comic Vine . March 2, 2021.
  75. Web site: Mars Ravelo's Darna #1 . Comic Vine . March 19, 2021.
  76. Web site: Mars Ravelo's Darna #2 . Comic Vine . March 19, 2021.
  77. Web site: Mars Ravelo's Darna #3 . Comic Vine . March 19, 2021.