Zheng Guanying Explained
Zheng Guanying |
Native Name: | 鄭觀應 |
Native Name Lang: | zh |
Occupation: | Merchant reformer author
|
Nationality: | Qing Empire |
Birth Date: | 24 July 1842 |
Known For: | Chinese nationalist republican advocate |
Zheng Guanying or Cheng Kuan-ying (1842–1922 or 1923) was a Chinese reformist active in the late Qing dynasty.[1] He was a proponent of fighting economic dominance by Western countries of China[2] through economic nationalism, of parliamentary representative democracy, and of women's rights.[3]
History
His family members resided in Macau,[4] but his birthplace was Xiangshan, Guangdong;[1] today this is the Yongmo area of Sanxiang, Zhongshan. He lived in the Mandarin's House in São Lourenço, Macau.[4]
He made a career as a comprador after moving to Shanghai at 16 years of age;[1] he previously took and failed the xiucai imperial examinations at that age;[5] he ultimately never passed any such examinations.[1] He first worked for Overweg and Company, a British firm,[5] and later for Butterfield & Swire.[1] Initially he used his funds to buy official titles. In 1879 he became a circuit intendant or daotai as an award for his community service, and he received other titles due to his service work.[6] He took night classes on the English language at the Anglo-Chinese School.[1] He began his own firm after turning 41.[1] He went back to Macau in late 1886.[4]
His employment background differed from those of other Chinese reformers of that era;[1] others had academic or government backgrounds.[3]
Works
In the early 1870s he published essays about politics.[6]
Words of Warning to a Prosperous Age (盛世危言 shèngshì wēiyán) was published in 1893.[6]
Travels to the South, a travel log, was the result of his 1884 intelligence-gathering mission in French Indochina.[1]
Legacy and scholarship
Zheng's writings had an extraordinary influence, both in his own time and in later decades. Among those who acknowledge his inspiration were Mao Zedong,[7] and Lu Xun.[6]
As of 2011 most English-language journal articles discussing Zheng were published in the 1960s, and few English-language books on him existed. Beginning in the 1980s more articles about Zheng were published in Chinese.[8]
Escola Oficial Zheng Guanying, a government school in Macau, was given its current name in 2011.[9] The 160th anniversary of the birth of Zheng was held in Zhongshan in 2002.[8]
Sources
- Guo, Wu. Zheng Guanying, Merchant Reformer of Late Qing China and his Influence on Economics, Politics, and Society. Cambria Press. May 28, 2010. .
Further reading
English:
Chinese:
- Xia, Dongyuan. Zheng Guanying Ji Shang Ce. (Collected works by Zheng Guanying, Volume 1). Shanghai Renmin Chubanshe, Shanghai 1982.
- Xia, Dongyuan. Zheng Guanying Ji Xia Ce. (Collected works by Zheng Guanying, Volume 2). Shanghai Renmin Chubanshe, Shanghai 1982.
- Fung, Yiu-shing (Chinese: 馮耀成) (1998). "Zheng Guanying's (1841–1923) ideas of parliamentary reform as expounded in his Shengshi Weiyan = Zheng Guanying "Sheng shi wei yan" zhong de yi yuan gai ge si xiang" (Chinese: 鄭觀應«盛世危言»中的議院改革思想) (Master's thesis). University of Hong Kong. DOI 10.5353/th_b3195197. English abstract available.
- Ha, Chi-kwan (Chinese: 夏志焜) (1999). "Zheng Guanying's (1842–1922) ideas of political reform = Zheng Guanying zheng zhi gai ge si xiang yan jiu" (Chinese: 鄭觀應政治改革思想硏究) (Master's thesis). University of Hong Kong. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3195199. English abstract available.
- Kwong, Ming-wai (Chinese: 鄺明威) (2007). "Daoist influence on Zheng Guanying's (1842–1922) thought = Zheng Guanying de dao jiao qing xiang yu ji shi si xiang yan jiu" (Chinese: 鄭觀應的道教傾向與濟世思想研究) (Master's thesis). University of Hong Kong. DOI 10.5353/th_b3859870. English abstract available.
- Siu, Men-yee Anita (Chinese: 蕭敏儀) (1989). "A study of Zheng Guanying's (1842–1922) economic thought = Zheng Guanying de jing ji si xiang yan jiu" (Chinese: 鄭觀應的經濟思想硏究) (Master's thesis). University of Hong Kong. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3194967. At the University of Hong Kong Libraries Electronic Resources Alumni e-Library. English abstract available.
- Wang, Ying-k'ang. "Cheng Kuan-ying ch'i-jen chi chʻi ssu-hsiang" ("The Profile and Ideas of Cheng Kuan-ying"). Shih-hsüeh yüeh-kan ("Monthly Historical Study"), formerly Hsin shih-hsüeh t'ung-hsün ("Thorough Investigation of New Historical Study"). Volume 1 (January, 1958), Issue 34.
German:
- Kehnen, Johannes. Cheng Kuan-Ying – Unternehmer und Reformer der späten Ch'ing-Zeit. Verlag Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1975, .
Notes and References
- "Zheng Guanying 1842-1922/3." Chinese University of Hong Kong. Retrieved on 12 November 2017.
- "Zheng Guanying, Merchant Reformer of Late Qing China and his Influence on Economics, Politics, and Society by Guo Wu ." Cambria Press. Retrieved on 12 November 2017.
- Guo, Wu, p. 2.
- "Zheng Guanying." Mandarin's House, Cultural Affairs Bureau (Macau). Retrieved on 12 November 2017.
- Guo, Wu, p. 1.
- Davies, Gloria (Monash University). "Fragile Prosperity." China Heritage Quarterly. No. 26, June 2011. Retrieved on 12 November 2017.
- Book: Pantsov . Alexander V. . Levine . Steven I. . Mao: The Real Story . 2012 . Simon & Schuster . New York and London . 978-1-4516-5447-9 . none., p. 21
- Guo, Wu, p. 3.
- Web site: Escola Zheng Guanying nega acusações de pais. Jornal Tribuna de Macau. 2016-03-18. 2017-08-15. "Confrontada com a polémica da mudança dos directores, Wu Kit disse que desde a transformação da Escola Luso-Chinesa de Tamagnini Barbosa para a Escola Zheng Guanying em 2011,[...]"