Glossary of bowling explained

This glossary relates mainly to terms applicable to ten-pin bowling. For candlepin terms, see Candlepin bowling#Terminology.

Numerical

  1. _-Bagger: A string of _#_ strikes in consecutive frames within the same game (example: "six-bagger").

Symbols

A

B

A ball rolled with a right-handed release that hooks left to right, or rolled with a left-handed release that hooks right to left—opposite to the hook directions of conventional releases.

  1. _-Bagger: A string of _#_ strikes in consecutive frames within the same game (example: "six-bagger").

Used by Rob Stone, ten consecutive strikes in the same game, referring to the actress' best-known film.

C

A bowler who rolls the ball with high revolutions, a style favoring power over control and repeatability.[30] Compare: stroker.

D

A game consisting only of alternating strikes and spares which always results in a score of 200.

E

F

A failed 7-10 split conversion attempt in which the ball goes between the two pins.

G

H

The second of three phases of ball motion—following the skid phase and preceding the roll phase—characterized by maximum change in ball direction. Hook is mainly caused by a ball's frictional engagement with a lane in its side rotation (rotation not in the same direction as the ball's overall forward motion); hook is also affected by dynamic imbalances in the ball's internal structure (core design and orientation).

I

K

L

(verb, noun) A rolled ball's path through the air before contacting the lane surface; also, the distance traveled on such a roll. Loft can be "hand loft" (releasing the ball later in the forward swing) or "projection loft" (determined by height of the ball over the approach at the time of release).[48]

M

N

O

P

Proper name of "plastic", usually describing ball coverstocks. Polyester (plastic) balls are often chosen as straight balls.

Proper name of "urethane", describing ball coverstocks.

A bowler who combines a cranker's emphasis on power with a stroker's emphasis on control. Similar to "tweener."

Q

R

S

Spare-related terms: (Terms assume a right hand release, and white numbers represent standing pins.)

Dinner bucket
Bucket if missing 8-pin
Double wood left
or Sleeper #1
Double wood right
or Sleeper #2
7 8 9 10
4 5 6
2 3
1
7 8 9 10
4 5 6
2 3
1
7 8 9 10
4 5 6
2 3
1
Baby split Christmas tree #1 Christmas tree #2
7 8 9 10
4 5 6
2 3
1
7 8 9 10
4 5 6
2 3
1
7 8 9 10
4 5 6
2 3
1
Big Four Greek Church (Big Five) Goal (Fence- or Bed-) posts
7 8 9 10
4 5 6
2 3
1
7 8 9 10
4 5 6
2 3
1
7 8 9 10
4 5 6
2 3
1
Dime store #1Dime store #2 Lily, Sour apple
7 8 9 10
4 5 6
2 3
1
7 8 9 10
4 5 6
2 3
1
7 8 9 10
4 5 6
2 3
1
Washout #1Washout #2 Modern Washout (Super Washout)
7 8 9 10
4 5 6
2 3
1
7 8 9 10
4 5 6
2 3
1
7 8 9 10
4 5 6
2 3
1

A spare leave in which the head pin is knocked down but at least two non-adjacent pins remain standing with a gap between them. Example: the 9-10 leave (non-adjacent pins) is a split, but the 6-10 leave (adjacent pins) is not a split. Distinguish: washout.

A bowler with a style emphasizing control and repeatability over power. Compare: cranker.

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Five consecutive strikes in the same game.

Links to other online glossaries

Other sources

References

See "Links to other online glossaries" and "Other sources" for sourcing for entries not specifically sourced below.

Notes and References

  1. News: New Rules For Bowlers / The National Congress Makes Radical Changes . The Brooklyn Daily Eagle . September 10, 1895 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180615033627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7232491/the_brooklyn_daily_eagle/ . June 15, 2018 . 5 . live . Accessed via Newspapers.com.
  2. News: New Bowling Rules / They Have Been Revised and Radical Changes made . The Topeka State Journal . Kansas . September 21, 1895 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190505033027/https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82016014/1895-09-21/ed-1/seq-8/ . May 5, 2019 . 8 . live. Accessed via the U.S. Library of Congress online.
  3. News: American Bowling Congress Meeting . The Daily Morning Journal and Courier . New Haven, Connecticut . January 21, 1896 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190505041749/https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020358/1896-01-21/ed-1/seq-3/ . May 5, 2019 . 3 . live . Accessed via the U.S. Library of Congress online.
  4. Web site: USBC, ABC, WIBC and Team USA Bowling . Bowl.com (United States Bowling Congress) . March 13, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170311002354/http://www.bowl.com/About/About_Home/USBC,_ABC,_WIBC_and_Team_USA_Bowling/ . March 11, 2017 . live.
  5. Web site: Crockett . Zachary . The Rise and Fall of Professional Bowling . Priceonomics . https://web.archive.org/web/20180316115254/https://priceonomics.com/the-rise-and-fall-of-professional-bowling/ . March 16, 2018 . March 21, 2014 . live.
  6. Web site: How Do I Make Bowling Adjustments With My Spot And Feet? . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20151024054058/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/how-do-i-make-bowling-adjustments-with-my-spot-and-feet . October 24, 2015 . January 13, 2015 . live.
  7. Web site: Bowling Lane Play Adjustments . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20150906211116/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-lane-play-adjustments . September 6, 2015 . March 5, 2013 . live .
  8. Web site: Carrubba . Rich . Line Up To The Bowling Pocket . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20200802043038/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/line-up-to-the-bowling-pocket . August 2, 2020 . 2012 . live .
  9. Web site: Carrubba . Rich . Bowling Ball Angle Of Entry . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20220808072252/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-ball-angle-of-entry . August 8, 2022 . February 1, 2013 . live.
  10. Web site: Low . Wesley . How To Prepare Your Best 6 Bowling Ball Arsenal . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20211209132708/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/how-to-prepare-your-best-6-bowling-ball-arsenal . December 9, 2021 . December 8, 2021 . live .
  11. Web site: Goodger . Jef . Baker Team Competition Format / The Pros and Cons of Bowling's Baker Scoring System . ThoughtCo.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20190318210621/https://www.thoughtco.com/baker-team-competition-format-420911 . March 18, 2019 . February 11, 2019 . live .
  12. Web site: Bigham . Terry . Bowling Technology Study Conclusion / Research Summary and Specification Updates . Bowl.com . United States Bowling Congress (USBC) . https://web.archive.org/web/20190526210733/https://www.bowl.com/News/NewsDetails.aspx?id=23622331019 . May 26, 2019 . April 24, 2018 . live .
  13. Web site: Why Use A Bowling Ball Balance Hole . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20170120112225/https://www.bowlingball.com/BowlVersity/why-use-a-bowling-ball-balance-hole . January 20, 2017 . 2012 . live .
  14. Web site: Bowling Hand At Release . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20170313053425/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-hand-at-release . March 13, 2017 . March 1, 2017 . live .
  15. Web site: Is Your Hand Behind Your Bowling Ball? . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20211010221300/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/is-your-hand-behind-your-bowling-ball . October 10, 2021 . June 17, 2017 . live .
  16. Web site: Carrubba . Rich . Selecting A Benchmark Bowling Ball . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20110930134004/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/selecting-a-benchmark-bowling-ball . September 30, 2011 . 2011 . live .
  17. Web site: What Is a Benchmark Reaction? . Bowling This Month . https://web.archive.org/web/20230119203142/https://www.bowlingthismonth.com/quick-tips/what-is-a-benchmark-reaction/ . January 19, 2023 . January 17, 2023 . live.
  18. Web site: Bowling Lane Blended Oil Condition . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20230103184838/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-lane-blended-oil-condition . January 3, 2023 . January 2, 2014 . live .
  19. Web site: What Are Bowling Brackets . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20161023204402/http://www.bowlingball.com/BowlVersity/what-are-bowling-brackets . October 23, 2016 . May 2012 . live .
  20. Web site: Carrubba . Rich . Bowling Lane Oil Carry Down And Break Down . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20120611000200/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-lane-oil-carry-down-and-break-down . June 11, 2012 . 2012 . live.
  21. Web site: Common Bowling Ball Terms . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20230722181214/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/common-bowling-ball-terms . July 22, 2023 . June 1, 2012 . live.
  22. Web site: Bowling Ball Motion Hook Phase . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20201026005630/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-ball-motion-hook-phase . October 26, 2020 . February 14, 2017 . live .
  23. Web site: Bowling Pro Shop Terms . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20160331161204/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-pro-shop-terms . March 31, 2016 . September 5, 2014 . live.
  24. Web site: Cupped Vs. Broken Wrist Bowling Hand Positions . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20220110230055/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/cupped-vs-broken-wrist-bowling-hand-positions . January 10, 2022 . November 5, 2016 . live .
  25. Web site: Bowling Release Variables . Bowlingball.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20230512220830/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-release-variables . May 12, 2023 . April 3, 2013 . live.
  26. Web site: Pohl . Scott . Ball Motion: Burn Out or Burn Up . National Bowling Academy . https://web.archive.org/web/20220521070221/https://www.nationalbowlingacademy.com/video/ball-motion-burn-out-burn-up-021901/ . May 21, 2022 . 2021 . live.
  27. Web site: Carrubba . Rich . What Is Bowling Lane Oil Carrydown . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20230509073647/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/what-is-bowling-lane-oil-carrydown . May 9, 2023 . February 2, 2012 . live.
  28. Web site: Bowling On A Christmas Tree Pattern . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20160522082354/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-on-a-christmas-tree-pattern . May 22, 2016 . January 7, 2012 . live.
  29. Web site: Carrubba . Rich . Bowling Ball Coverstock Choices . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20210117181824/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-ball-coverstock-choices . January 17, 2021 . October 5, 2012 . live .
  30. Web site: Crank Your Bowling Ball . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20230513172022/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/crank-your-bowling-ball . May 13, 2023 . April 3, 2013 . live.
  31. Web site: New scoring system introduced for World Bowling Tour finals to try to help sport's Olympic ambitions . Mackay . Duncan . insidethegames.com . February 20, 2016. July 16, 2021.
  32. Web site: Bowling Ball Delivery Angle . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20130608085921/https://www.bowlingball.com/BowlVersity/bowling-ball-delivery-angle . June 8, 2013 . June 2013 . live .
  33. Web site: Bowling Lane Adjustment - An Angle Change . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20220630175800/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-lane-adjustment--an-angle-change . June 30, 2022 . February 21, 2015 . live .
  34. Web site: Carrubba . Rich . Bowling Stroker Delivery Style . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20211019120637/https://www.bowlingball.com/t-BB_Custom-Drilling-Service.html.aspx . October 19, 2021 . April 3, 2012 . live .
  35. Web site: Bowling Ball Differential Ratings . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20230619224358/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-ball-differential-ratings . June 19, 2023 . November 5, 2012 . live .
  36. Web site: McEwen . Jason . Do you 'Drift' on the Approach? . USBC Bowling Academy . https://web.archive.org/web/20190301202132/https://www.usbcbowlingacademy.com/post/drift-on-approach/ . March 1, 2019 . live.
  37. Viale, Christopher (February 15, 2022), "NEBA President Christopher Viale (interview)" at 15:25. New England Bowlers Association (NEBA).
  38. Web site: Padilla . Stephen . Choosing A Bowling Ball That Is Right For Your Arsenal (USBC Moderator's Discussion) . usbcbowlingacademy.com . United States Bowling Congress . https://web.archive.org/web/20160724012333/http://www.usbcbowlingacademy.com/video/choosing-a-bowling-ball-thats-right-for-your-arsenal-008630/#tab-reviews . July 24, 2016 . September 17, 2015 . live .
  39. Web site: Gravity Bowling Swing . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20160102215557/http://www.bowlingball.com/BowlVersity/gravity-bowling-swing . January 2, 2016 . 2013 . live.
  40. Web site: Carrubba . Rich . Carry Your Own Bowling Ball Surface Grit Pads . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20191102042424/https://www.bowlingball.com/wordpress/carry-your-own-bowling-ball-surface-grit-pads . November 2, 2019 . live .
  41. Web site: Gorches . Steve T. . Chicago . Post-Tribune . Stone Talks Hambone . https://web.archive.org/web/20190227060542/http://content.pba.com/post/2008/02/29/Stone-Talks-Hambone.aspx . February 27, 2019 . February 29, 2008 . live .
  42. Web site: Take Some Hand Out Of Your Bowling Release . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20161031145441/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/take-some-hand-out-of-your-bowling-release . October 31, 2016 . 2013 . live.
  43. Web site: Understanding The Hybrid Bowling Ball Coverstock . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20220104044804/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/understanding-the-hybrid-bowling-ball-coverstock . January 4, 2022 . November 21, 2016 . live .
  44. Web site: Finger Inserts & New Bowlers . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20150918183903/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/finger-inserts-new-bowlers . September 18, 2015 . July 2, 2014 . live.
  45. Web site: Carrubba . Rich . Using Bowling Finger Inserts . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20161029234339/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/using-bowling-finger-inserts . October 29, 2016 . February 2, 2013 . live .
  46. Web site: Add Bowling Revs By Adding Lag . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20230119195301/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/add-bowling-revs-by-adding-lag . January 19, 2023 . December 4, 2013 . live .
  47. Web site: Hinkland . Ronald Jr. . Lane Shine: Why Is It Important? . National Bowling Academy . https://web.archive.org/web/20200920034749/https://www.nationalbowlingacademy.com/video/lane-shine-important-017681/ . September 20, 2020 . September 20, 2020 . live.
  48. Rose . Tyrel . Introduction to Loft Manipulation . Bowling This Month . https://web.archive.org/web/20200806222838/https://www.bowlingthismonth.com/bowling-tips/introduction-to-loft-manipulation/ . August 6, 2020 . 2020 . live .
  49. Web site: Davis . John . The Long and Short of It . Kegel.net . https://web.archive.org/web/20190731180918/http://www.kegel.net/wpa/jd10 . July 31, 2019 . May 31, 2005 . live.
  50. Web site: Are You Really Hitting Your Bowling Mark . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20160526145918/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/are-you-really-hitting-your-bowling-mark . May 26, 2016 . June 4, 2012 . live .
  51. Web site: Bowling Ball Mass Bias . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20230202223641/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-ball-mass-bias . February 2, 2023 . December 1, 2013 . live.
  52. Web site: Bowling Lane Oil Information . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20220115183729/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-lane-oil-information . January 15, 2022 . October 4, 2016 . live .
  53. Web site: Carruba . Rich . Bowling Lane Oil Facts . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20230621021842/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-lane-oil-facts . June 21, 2023 . August 14, 2012 . live.
  54. Web site: PBA Oil Patterns (AKA Lane Conditions) . PBA.com (Professional Bowlers Association) . https://web.archive.org/web/20190819151751/https://www.pba.com/OilPatterns . August 19, 2019 . live .
  55. Web site: Carrubba . Rich . Bowling Over/Under Ball Reaction . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20230620161448/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-overunder-ball-reaction . June 20, 2023 . April 26, 2011 . live.
  56. Web site: Carrubba . Rich . Your Bowling Ball Positive Axis Point . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20210303025913/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/your-bowling-ball-positive-axis-point . March 3, 2021 . November 3, 2012 . live.
  57. Web site: The Game >> History . 2004 . TenpinBowling.org . March 31, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060415013813/http://www.tenpinbowling.org/view.php?page=the_game.history . April 15, 2006 .
  58. Web site: Bowling Ball Drilling & Layout Terms . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20150906204121/http://www.bowlingball.com/BowlVersity/bowling-ball-drilling-layout-terms . September 6, 2015 . August 5, 2014 . live .
  59. Web site: Carrubba . Rich . Bowling Pin Carry . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20161018064100/http://www.bowlingball.com/BowlVersity/bowling-pin-carry . October 18, 2016 . 2013 . live .
  60. Web site: Forward And Reverse Bowling Ball Finger Pitches . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20170130150306/https://www.bowlingball.com/BowlVersity/forward-and-reverse-bowling-ball-finger-pitches . January 30, 2017 . 2014 . live .
  61. Web site: Benner . Donald . Mours . Nicole . Ridenour . Paul . USBC, Equipment Specifications and Certifications . Pin Carry Study: Bowl Expo 2009 . bowl.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20101207110519/http://usbcongress.http.internapcdn.net/usbcongress/bowl/equipandspecs/pdfs/pinCarryStudy.pdf . December 7, 2010 . Slide show presentation . 2009 . live .
  62. Web site: Light, Solid, And High Bowling Pocket Strikes . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20150501103354/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/light-solid-and-high-bowling-pocket-strikes . May 1, 2015 . June 5, 2013 . live.
  63. Web site: Goodger . Jef . Position Round in Bowling . ThoughtCo.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20180414141200/https://www.thoughtco.com/position-round-in-bowling-420579 . April 14, 2018 . March 6, 2017 . live .
  64. Web site: It's Bowling Post Time . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20201014210358/https://www.bowlingball.com/BowlVersity/its-bowling-post-time . October 14, 2020 . June 30, 2017 . live .
  65. Web site: Bowling's Power Step . National Bowling Academy (USBC) . https://web.archive.org/web/20220521055224/https://www.nationalbowlingacademy.com/video/bowling-power-step-021894/ . May 21, 2022 . 2021 . live .
  66. Web site: Carrubba . Rich . Your Bowling Balance Leg . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20200811162438/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/your-bowling-balance-leg . August 11, 2020 . 2012 . Updated 8/10/2020 . live.
  67. Web site: The PRS Of Bowling Terminology . BowlingBall.com . https://web.archive.org/web/20191026174457/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/the-prs-of-bowling-terminology?bowlversityarticleid=15314 . May 4, 2014 . October 26, 2019 . live .
  68. Web site: Develop A Bowling Pre-Shot Routine . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20190502154121/https://www.bowlingball.com/wordpress/develop-a-bowling-preshot-routine . May 2, 2019 . 2016 . live .
  69. Web site: Ball Dynamics and Hook Potential . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20200812113514/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/ball-dynamics-and-hook-potential . August 12, 2020 . 2011 . live .
  70. Web site: Carrubba . Rich . Bowling Ball RG Numbers . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20170111031824/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-ball-rg-numbers . January 11, 2017 . January 3, 2013 . live.
  71. Web site: Carrubba . Rich . Reactive Bowling Balls . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20200806065244/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/reactive-bowling-balls . August 6, 2020 . January 1, 2013 . live .
  72. Web site: Your Bowling Eyes Have It . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20150912112120/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/your-bowling-eyes-have-it . September 12, 2015 . January 14, 2014 . live .
  73. Web site: Carrubba . Rich . Your Bowling Roll And Turn Gripping Fingers . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20160816063217/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/your-bowling-roll-and-turn-gripping-fingers . August 16, 2016 . October 4, 2012 . live.
  74. Web site: Reading the Lane . bowl.com . United States Bowling Congress . https://web.archive.org/web/20161211005920/http://www.bowl.com/Source/Source_Home/Reading_The_Lane/ . December 11, 2016 . 2014 . live.
  75. Web site: How To Bring Dead Bowling Balls Back To Life . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20111121214255/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/how-to-bring-dead-bowling-balls-back-to-life . November 21, 2011 . 2011 . live. Credited to article from Storm Bowling Products.
  76. Web site: Sighting At The Bowling Lane Arrows . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20161031150149/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/sighting-at-the-bowling-lane-arrows . October 31, 2016 . 2013 . live .
  77. Web site: Bowling Ball Skid Versus Traction . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20210123175327/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/bowling-ball-skid-versus-traction . January 23, 2021 . February 27, 2017 . live .
  78. Web site: Carrubba . Rich . How To Find A Skid-Flip Bowling Ball . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20210226212958/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/how-to-find-a-skid-flip-bowling-ball . February 26, 2021 . September 7, 2010 . live.
  79. Web site: Modern Tips For Spot Bowling . BowlingBall.com (Bowlversity educational section) . https://web.archive.org/web/20210701152048/https://www.bowlingball.com/bowlversity/modern-tips-for-spot-bowling . July 1, 2021 . April 6, 2013 . live.
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